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    • World Ocean Atlas 2023

    Metadata Updated: June 1, 2025

    World Ocean Atlas 2023 (WOA23) is a set of objectively analyzed (one degree grid and quarter degree grid) climatological fields of in situ temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU), percent oxygen saturation, phosphate, silicate, and nitrate at standard depth levels for annual, seasonal, and monthly compositing periods for the World Ocean. Quarter degree fields are for temperature and salinity only. It also includes associated statistical fields of observed oceanographic profile data interpolated to standard depth levels on quarter degree, one degree, and five degree grids. Temperature and salinity fields are available for seven decades (1955-1964, 1965-1974, 1975-1984, 1985-1994, 1995-2004, 2005-2014, and 2015-2022), for three thirty year "climate normal" periods (1971-2000, 1981-2010, and 1991-2020), and for an average of the seven individual decades (1955-2022). Oxygen fields (as well as AOU and percent oxygen saturation) are available using all quality controlled bottle, CTD, and profiling float data from 1965-2022 as well as a thirty year "climate normal" using bottle and CTD data for 1971-2000. Nutrient fields are available using all quality controlled bottle data from the entire sampling period between 1965-2022. This accession is a product generated by the National Centers for Environmental Information's (NCEI) Ocean Climate Laboratory Team. The analyses are derived from the NCEI World Ocean Database 2023.

    Access & Use Information

    License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

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    Dates

    Metadata Date 2025-04-03T13:02:40Z
    Metadata Created Date February 1, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date June 1, 2025
    Reference Date(s) September 28, 2023 (publication), June 15, 2024 (revision)
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions

    Other Data Resources

    Graphic Preview

    Preview graphic

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Series
    Metadata Date 2025-04-03T13:02:40Z
    Metadata Created Date February 1, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date June 1, 2025
    Reference Date(s) September 28, 2023 (publication), June 15, 2024 (revision)
    Responsible Party (Point of Contact)
    Contact Email
    Guid gov.noaa.nodc:NCEI-WOA23
    Access Constraints Cite as: Reagan, James R.; Boyer, Tim P.; García, Hernán E.; Locarnini, Ricardo A.; Baranova, Olga K.; Bouchard, Courtney; Cross, Scott L.; Mishonov, Alexey V.; Paver, Christopher R.; Seidov, Dan; Wang, Zhankun; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry (2023). World Ocean Atlas 2023. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/va26-hv25. Accessed [date]., When using temperature, please also cite: Locarnini, R.A., A.V. Mishonov, O.K. Baranova, J.R. Reagan, T.P. Boyer, D. Seidov, Z. Wang, H.E. Garcia, C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, C.R. Paver, and D. Dukhovskoy (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 1: Temperature. A. Mishonov Technical Editor, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 89. https://doi.org/10.25923/54bh-1613, When using salinity, please also cite: Reagan, J.R., D. Seidov, Z. Wang, D. Dukhovskoy, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, O.K. Baranova, A.V. Mishonov, H.E. Garcia, C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, and C.R. Paver. (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 2: Salinity. A. Mishonov, Technical Editor, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 90. https://doi.org/10.25923/70qt-9574, When using oxygen, please also cite: Garcia, H.E., Z. Wang, C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, C.R. Paver, J.R. Reagan, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, O. Baranova, D. Seidov, and D. Dukhovskoy (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, Dissolved Oxygen Saturation and 30 year Climate Normal. A. Mishonov, Tech. Ed. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 91. https://doi.org/10.25923/rb67-ns53, When using nutrients, please also cite: Garcia, H.E., C. Bouchard, S.L. Cross, C.R. Paver, Z. Wang, J.R. Reagan, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, O. Baranova, D. Seidov, and D. Dukhovskoy (2024). World Ocean Atlas 2023, Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, silicate). A. Mishonov, Tech. Ed. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 92. https://doi.org/10.25923/39qw-7j08, Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
    Bbox East Long 180
    Bbox North Lat 90
    Bbox South Lat -90
    Bbox West Long -180
    Coupled Resource
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded
    Graphic Preview Description Preview graphic
    Graphic Preview File https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:NCEI-WOA23
    Graphic Preview Type PNG
    Harvest Object Id 7773601e-9057-489d-82bc-df038c94a85a
    Harvest Source Id c084a438-6f6b-470d-93e0-16aeddb9f513
    Harvest Source Title NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions
    Licence accessLevel: Public
    Lineage
    Metadata Language eng
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}
    Progress completed
    Spatial Data Service Type
    Spatial Reference System
    Spatial Harvester True
    Temporal Extent Begin 1955-01-01
    Temporal Extent End 2022-12-31

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