Bat algorithm: Difference between revisions

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The '''Bat algorithm''' is a [[metaheuristic]] algorithm for [[global optimization]]. It was inspired by the echolocation behaviour of [[microbats]], with varying pulse rates of emission and loudness.<ref>J. D. Altringham, Bats: Biology and Behaviour, Oxford University Press, (1996).</ref><ref>P. Richardson, Bats. Natural History Museum, London, (2008)</ref> The Bat algorithm was developed by [[Xin-She Yang]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yang | first1 = X. S. | year = 2010 | title = A New Metaheuristic Bat-Inspired Algorithm, in: Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NISCO 2010) | arxiv = 1004.4170| journal = Studies in Computational Intelligence | volume = 284 | issuepages = 65–74 | pagesbibcode = 65–742010arXiv1004.4170Y }}</ref>

== Algorithm DescriptionMetaphor ==

The idealization of the [[Animal echolocation|echolocation]] of microbats can be summarized as follows: Each virtual bat flies randomly with a velocity <math>v_i</math> at position (solution) <math>x_i</math> with a varying frequency or wavelength and loudness <math>A_i</math>. As it searches and finds its prey, it changes frequency, loudness and pulse emission rate <math>r</math>. Search is intensified by a local [[random walk]]. Selection of the best continues until certain stop criteria are met. This essentially uses a frequency-tuning technique to control the dynamic behaviour of a swarm of bats, and the balance between exploration and exploitation can be controlled by tuning algorithm-dependent parameters in bat algorithm.

A detailed introduction of metaheuristic algorithms including the bat algorithm is given by Yang <ref>Yang, X. S., [https://books.google.com/books?id=iVB_ETlh4ogC&q=bat+algorithm&pg=PR5 Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms], 2nd Edition, Luniver Press, (2010).</ref> where a demo program in Matlab[[MATLAB]]/[[GNU Octave]] is available, while a comprehensive review is carried out by Parpinelli and Lopes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Parpinelli | first1 = R. S. | last2 = Lopes | first2 = H. S. | s2cid = 16866891 | year = 2011 | title = New inspirations in swarm intelligence: aA survey,Int | urljournal = |International journalJournal = J.of Bio-Inspired Computation | volume = 3 | issue = | pages = 1–16 | doi=10.1504/ijbic.2011.038700}}</ref> A further improvement is the development of an evolving bat algorithm (EBA) with better efficiency.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tsai | first1 = P. W. | last2 = Pan | first2 = J. S. | last3 = Liao | first3 = B. Y. | last4 = Tsai | first4 = M. J. | last5 = Istanda | first5 = V. | year = 2012 | title = Bat algorithm inspired algorithm for solving numerical optimization problems | url = | journal = Applied Mechanics and Materials | volume = 148-149 | issue = | pages = 134–137 | doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.134| bibcode = 2011AMM...148..134T }}</ref>

== See also ==

A Matlab demo is available at the Matlab exchange<ref>here http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/37582</ref>

* [[List of metaphor-based metaheuristics]]

==References==

== Implementations ==

*[https://github.com/AhmedHani/PySwarmOptimization/ PySwarmOptimization] package in [[Python (programming language)|Python]].

==Notes==

{{Reflist|33em}}

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*Yang, X.-S. (2014), ''Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms'', [[Elsevier]].

{{Optimization algorithms}}

{{swarming}}