BASIC Programming: Difference between revisions

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{{About|the Atari 2600 cartridge|programming in other BASIC dialects|BASIC|other uses|Basic programming (disambiguation){{!}}Basic programming}}

{{Otheruses3|Basic programming}}

{{more citations needed|date=October 2017}}

[[Image:Basicprogramming.png|thumb|BASIC Programming attempted to teach simple computer programming on the Atari 2600.]]

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}

{{Infobox video game

|title = BASIC Programming

|image = BASIC Programming Cover Art.jpg

|developer = [[Atari, Inc.]]

|publisher = Atari, Inc.

|designer = [[Warren Robinett]]<ref>[https://dadgum.com/halcyon/BOOK/ROBINETT.HTM Interview:Warren Robinett], By James Hague, ''Halcyon Days'', "How long did it take to write?...I had ''Adventure'' sort of done in the fall of 1978, but I wasn't satisfied. I sort of put it on the shelf for the next six months while I did the ''BASIC Programming'' cartridge, and finished them both simultaneously, in June 1979."</ref>

|released = {{vgrelease|NA|April 1980<ref>{{cite web |title=Atari VCS game release dates |url=https://www.atariarchive.org/atari-vcs-game-release-dates/ |website=Atari Archive}}</ref>}}

|platforms = [[Atari 2600]]

}}

'''''BASIC Programming''''' wasis releasedan forAtari Video Computer System (later called the [[Atari 2600]]) consolecartridge inthat [[1979]].teaches Onesimple ofcomputer onlyprogramming using a fewdialect non-gamingof cartridges,[[BASIC]]. thisWritten programby allowed[[Warren consumersRobinett]] toand createreleased someby simple[[Atari, programsInc.]] using its own uniquein programming language1980, whichthis was[[BASIC superficiallyinterpreter]] similaris to dialectsone of [[BASIC]],a butfew differednon-game incartridges manyfor importantthe respectsconsole. The extremelyAtari smallVCS's RAM[[Random-access memory|RAM]] size of the Atari 2600, 128 bytes, severely restrictedrestricts the possibilities offor thiswriting cartridgeprograms.

==Details==

[[File:Basicprogramming.png|thumb|upright=2|Main display]]

The ''BASIC Programming'' display is divided into six regions:

*"Program" - where instructions are written (maximum of nine lines of code).

*"Stack" - shows temporary results of what your program does.

*"Variables" - displays the values of any variables your program is using.

*"Output" - displays any output values your program is creating.

*"Status" - displays the amount of available memory remaining

*"Graphics" - contains two colored squares that can be manipulated by your program.

*" '''Program"''' -is where instructions are writtentyped. It has a (maximum of nineeleven lines of code).

''Basic Programming'' requires two Atari keyboard controllers, and came with special overlays to show how to type the different commands and letters.

*"Stack" -'''[[Call stack|Stack]]''' shows temporary results of what yourthe program does.

this is crap

*"Variables" -'''[[Variable displays(computer science)|Variables]]''' stores the values of any variables yourthat the program is using.

*" '''Output" -''' displays any output values yourthat programthe isprogram creatingcreates.

*"Status" -'''Status''' displaysshows the amount of available memory remaining.

*"Graphics" -'''Graphics''' contains two colored squares that can be manipulated by yourthe program.

Input is given through two Atari keypad controllers, which came with special overlays to show how to type the different commands and letters.<ref>[https://atariage.com/controller_page.html?ControllerID=4&SystemID=2600 Controllers - Atari Keypad], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615042830/https://atariage.com/controller_page.html?ControllerID=4&SystemID=2600 |date=15 June 2015 }} Atari KeypadSystem: Atari 2600, Model Number: CX50, ''Sold in pairs, functionally identical to the Kid's Controller and the Video Touch Pad. Included overlays with commands, meant to be used with Basic Programming.''</ref> Programs are restricted to 64 characters in size and normally 9 lines of code, limiting the programs that can be written (users can disable all windows except Program and keep selecting "New Line" until 11 lines of code are present).

Programmer: [[Warren Robinett]]

==External=Language linksfeatures===

*[http://www.atariage.com/software_page.html?SoftwareLabelID=15 Basic Programming at AtariAge]

VCS BASIC supports the following keywords:<ref>{{cite book|title=BASIC Programming: Atari Game Program Instructions|date=1979|publisher=Atari, Inc.|___location=Sunnyvale, CA}}</ref>

* Statements: <code>Print</code>

* Structure: <code>Goto</code>, <code>If-Then-Else</code>

* Graphics: <code>Clear</code>

* Functions: <code>Hit</code>, <code>Key</code>

* Math: <code>+ - × ÷ Mod</code>

* Relational operators: <code>< > =</code>

Unlike most BASIC implementations of the time:

* VCS BASIC uses ← instead of = for assignment; e.g., <code>A←A+1</code>.

* Statements can be strung together on a line without a delimiter; e.g., <code>Note←APrintA</code>.

* An <code>If</code> statement can be used as a function, returning a value: <code>{{codett|2=cbmbas|Ver1←Ver1+IfVer1}}[[Modulo operation|Mod]]2{{codett|2=cbmbas|Then8}}{{codett|2=monkey|Else}}92</code>

* <code>If</code> statements can take an <code>Else</code> clause.

Special variable names:

{{Atari-console-stub}}

* <code>Note</code> sounds a musical note, assigned numbers from 0 to 7

{{videogame-software-stub}}

** Numbers assigned to <code>Note</code> are implicitly assigned modulus 8, thus 8 becomes 0, 9 becomes 1, etc.

* <code>Hor1</code>, <code>Hor2</code> - the horizontal coordinate of one of two squares

* <code>Ver1</code>, <code>Ver2</code> - the vertical coordinate of one of two squares

The language supports 26 unsigned integer variables A to Z. VCS BASIC supports integers from 0 to 99. Math operations wrap, so 99+1 becomes 0, 99+2 becomes 1, etc.

[[Category:1979 video games]]

[[Category:Atari 2600 games]]

[[Category:BASIC programming language family]]

====Sample code====

[[de:Atari 2600 Basic Programming]]

The following example of a ''[[Pong]]'' game is provided.

{{pre|

1 Hor2←2+Key

2 {{codett|2=cbmbas|IfVer1>90ThenVer1←88}}

3 {{codett|2=cbmbas|IfHit}}{{codett|2=cbmbas|ThenVer1←9}}

4 {{codett|2=cbmbas|Ver1←Ver1+IfVer1}}[[Modulo operation|Mod]]2{{codett|2=cbmbas|Then8}}{{codett|2=monkey|Else}}92

5 Hor1←Hor1+7

6 {{codett|2=cbmbas|Goto1}}

}}

==See also==

{{Portal|Video games}}

*[[List of Atari 2600 games]]

* [[CompuMate|Spectravideo CompuMate]]

* [[Family BASIC]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040123023347/http://www.mindspring.com/~sidartha/Basic%20and%20Compumate%20Programming.htm |date=23 January 2004 |title=Compumate FAQ:BASIC PROGRAMME EXAMPLES FOR ATARI 2600 (BASIC PROGRAMMING & CompuMate)}}

{{BASIC}}

[[Category:19791980 video gamessoftware]]

[[Category:Atari 2600 games]]

[[Category:BASIC interpreters]]

[[Category:BASIC programming language family]]

[[Category:Discontinued BASICs]]

[[Category:Video game development software]]