Netherlands in World War II and Pawan Kalyan: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox actor

==Prelude to the War==

| name =Pawan Kalyan

| image =

|image size =220

| caption = Pawan Kalyan

| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1971|9|2}}

| ___location = {{flagicon|India}} [[Mogalthur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]

| height = 5'10''

| deathplace =

| birthname = Konidala Kalyan

| othername =Pawan Kalyan, "Power Star" Pawan Kalyan, Pavan Kalyan

| homepage =

| notable role = Balu in Toliprema, Subash in Thammudu, Badri in Badri, Siddartha Roy in Kushi.

| spouse = [[Renu Desai]]

| children = Akira Nandan

}}

'''Pawan Kalyan''' (born [[September 2]], [[1971]] is a [[Popular culture|popular]] [[India]]n film star and director in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is fondly called Power Star by his fans. His birth name is Konidala Kalyan.He is younger brother to popular Telugu Actor [[Chiranjeevi]] and Naga Babu.

== Early career ==

In [[World War I]] the [[Netherlands]] succeeded in remaining neutral, although the sympathies were clearly more on the German side than on the British. Relations with [[Germany]] had traditionally been better and the memory of the [[Boer War]] was fresh. After the end of the war the [[Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II]] asked and was given [[asylum]], much to the anger of both [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[France]]. A further consequence of the neutrality was that the country had no involvement in the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. In fact, the Dutch economy suffered from the financial consequences of the reparation that Germany was made to pay. There was a large influx of children from Germany, [[Austria]] and even [[Hungary]] who came to stay with Dutch fosterparents as conditions in the hinterland worsened.

Pawan Kalyan entered Telugu movie industry with the movie [[Akkada Abbai Ikkada Ammayi]] as Kalyan Babu. This film did not do well at the box office. However, he was noticed for his [[Martial Arts]].

== Career ==

During the period between the first and second World Wars the Netherlands, like other countries, suffered from the effects of the [[Great Depression]] after the [[Black Thursday|Stock market crash]] of [[1929]].

After his first movie, his second movie ''[[Gokulamlo Sita]]'' was an average flick but his next movies like ''[[Suswagatham]]'', ''[[Tholi Prema]]'', ''[[Thammudu]]'', ''[[Badri]]'', and ''[[Kushi (Telugu film)|Kushi]]'' went on to become hits which earned him a decent reputation. ''[[Kushi]]'' was a trend setter and was received well both commercially and critically.He even directed few song sequences and fight sequences in the Sensational Film [[Kushi]]. Also directed one fight sequence in the film [[Daddy]] for his brother Megastar [[Chiranjeevi]].

==Controversies==

Prime minister [[Hendrikus Colijn]] pursued the policy of a strong [[guilder]]. This led to a strong currency, avoiding the [[hyperinflation]] which arose in Germany, but also caused much [[poverty]] according to some economists. The ''Vereniging Nederlands Fabrikaat'' (Dutch Product Association) tried to reverse the economic downfall with a campaign ''Koopt Nederlandsche waar, dan helpen wij elkaar'' (Buy Dutch goods, so we help each other).

1) Pawan Kalyan was rumoured to have threatened former TDP MLA Paritala Ravindra over some land grabbing rights. It was a fact that Paritala Ravindra illegally grabbed Chiranjeevi's land in Jubilee Hills and had to be warned.It was also falsely rumoured that Paritala Ravi who was a factionist had Pawan Kalyan's head tonsured (Gundu (in Telugu)/Takla (in Hindi)) before sending him back to Hyderabad. As fate would have it, Paritala Ravindra was later killed brutally, a fitting end to a violent life. Andhra Pradesh is a better place without Paritala Ravindra.

Source: http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/topstory/pawan_paritala.html ;

http://www.idleburra.com/feeds/8632234486587833225/comments/default ;

http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pk-dcprotest.html

http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/apr/22pawan.htm ;

http://infiya.blogspot.com/2007/08/pawan-kalyan-tollywood-actor-biography.html

== ==

The poverty caused by the [[Great Depression]] helped the rise of [[Nazism]] in the Netherlands. [[Anton Mussert]] founded the [[Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging]] (National Socialist Movement or NSB), a Nazist organisation.

2) He is supposedly involved in a bigamy case, currently under the Visakhapatnam District Court. As per sources, one lady Nandini filed a complaint under the section of 494 for bigamy with Vizag court on 22nd June that she is the first wife of Pawan Kalyan and Pawan Kalyan entered into second marriage with actress Renu Desai without her consent nor taking divorce from the first marriage. She also filed a petition with women's court seeking alimony amount 5 Lakhs per month for monthly maintainance. As per her complaint, she is married to Pawan Kalyan on May 17th, 1997 with the blessings of the elders. They seperated few years after that but Pawan Kalyan met her whenever he was in Vizag. Starting 2005, Nandini moved in with her parents and is now dependent on them. Pawan Kalyan married actress Renu Desai a few years ago. He shared screen with her in two films viz. Badri and Jhonny. The couple also have a son Akira.

Sources: http://www.totaltollywood.com/news/ttnews1436.html ;

http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/21/stories/2007092154600400.htm ;

http://mynation.wordpress.com/2007/07/07/i-have-not-married-pavan-kalyan-counters-renu-desai/ ;

http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pawankalyan-vizagcourt.html

== ==

3) On 22 October, 2007, Kalyan told the media he decided to 'surrender' his licensed weapon to the police. "I don't need (it) any more as there is no threat to my life now," he said. In connection with the elopement and marriage of Srija (Chiranjeevi's daughter), Pawan Kalyan said "I would like to assure her that no harm will come to her or the boy. I don't have any hired goondas (goons) or musclemen. I have come to surrender my revolver and its license to the police because I don't need this weapon now. We don't have hired goondas, we only have fans who love us and they don't resort such acts. Denying that he was an emotional and angry young man like his screen image, Pawan Kalyan said ''if he wanted he could have harmed Sirish because he had information that the couple was running away. But we don't want to harm them. If their love is true nobody can harm them.'' The statement obviously sounds ominous and people assume this as the rationale for Srija's elopement!

Source: http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/22chiru.htm ;

http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/004200710221641.htm

Power Star Pawan Kalyan announced Common man Protection Force (CMPF) to help the poor and helpless. He donated Rs.1.Crore from his personal savings for CMPF as corpus fund. He said "i am not angry,i am just emotional. I can't tolerate the injustice in this society. So i want to do some thing for the people... always. me and my friends are discussing about CMPF from many days. And we think this is the right time to announce it. I had 1000's of fans who love me. I am starting this to do good for the society, i am confident some other fans and like minded people will join hands with me. I am unhappy even now after earning so much Money, name & fame. I want to be happy by doing something to the people who are in need. I don't want to buy plots in different cities, agriculture lands and don't want to earn crores on them. I will do my best to my country and my people. And Mother Promise, i don't have any political intensions. Any one who needs help can contact CMPF on these numbers 98663 44833, 98663 44733. I stay at 32, nandagiri hills, Jubilee hills check post, Hyderabad. You can even visit me if you need some help. i will do my best to help you " -by Power Star Pawan Kalyan. Yes, We are with You.

Under the influence of the economic depression and the ''Broken Guns'' movement, [[budget]]ary priorities were not established at the former Ministry of War (now Ministry of Defence).

==The outbreak of the war==

[[image:WWII_netherlands_persoonsbewijs.jpg|thumb|300px|The two sides of a WWII 'Ausweis' or 'Persoonsbewijs' (identification)]]

== Trivia ==

At the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] in [[1939]], the Netherlands declared itself neutral once again as it had been in [[World War I]]. In order to [[flank]] the French defences on the [[Maginot Line]] and to pre-empt a possible British invasion, on [[May 10]] [[1940]] Germany invaded the Netherlands and [[Belgium]]. Given the historically good relations with its much larger neighbour, the invasion came as big surprise to most Dutch, including the army.

*Pawan Kalyan is a [[Vegetarian]].

*He holds a Black Belt in [[Martial arts |Martial Arts]] and did real stunts for his movies - Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbai and [[Thammudu]].

The poorly equipped Dutch army was quickly defeated by the Germans. At the [[Afsluitdijk]], the [[Grebbeberg]] and the [[Moerdijkbrug]] the Dutch Army offered resistance. A German airborne landing at [[The Hague]], intended to imprison the Dutch royal family and the government, failed. The royal family and government escaped to Britain to continue the fight (although some saw this as an act of cowardice).

*[[Renu Desai |Renu Desai]] is the Costume designer for most of his films.

*Pawan Kalyan was the first south indian actor to appear in an endorsement,for the soft drink [[PEPSI]] but now replaced by his nephew [[Allu Arjun]].

*He returned money back to the distributors for his film Johnny didnt do well at the Box Office.

*Apart from being an actor, he feels also as a Director, Screenplay writer, Choreographer, Stunt Master and a Playback singer.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436302/ "Pawan Kalyan Filmography"]</ref>

*Pawan enjoys doing cultivation and spends lot of time in his farm house doing gardening

*Ali is the best friend of pawan kalyan

*[[Daggubati Venkatesh |"Victory" Venkatesh]] is a good friend of Pawan Kalyan and both expressed their interest to act in a film.

*Tamil sensational actor [[Vijay (actor) |Vijay]] is also a good friend and great fan of him.<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-01/17-03-06-vijay.html "Behind Woods: Vijay at Hyderabad: Telugu fans happy"]</ref>

*Tamil and Telugu actress [[Trisha Krishnan |Trisha]] in an interview said that, she had a crush on Pawan Kalyan.<ref>[http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/may2007/trisha_love.php] "Trisha: I love Pawan Kalyan but don't know why"</ref>

*Telugu movie actress Nikita's favourite hero too is Pawan Kalyan.<ref>[http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/nikita_profile.php "TeluguCinema.com:, Star Interviews: Nikita's Personal Profile]</ref>

*Telugu actresses Genelia and shriya are also big fans of pawankalyan.

*He has a good rapport with music director [[Ramana Gogula]] and the creative directors - [[Puri Jagannadh |Puri Jagannadh]] and [[A. Karunakaran |A. Karunakaran]].

On [[May 14]] the Germans demanded the surrender of the city of [[Rotterdam]]. Soon after that the city surrendered. However, bombers that had already been sent were not called back and the city was thus still heavily bombed, resulting in approximately 800 deaths and 78,000 homeless. This was supposedly caused by a communications difficulty. After this bombardment the Dutch army surrendered, but the battle continued in [[Zeeland]] for a few days, until the bombardment of [[Middelburg]] forced Zeeland to surrender as well.

==Filmography==

People were hoping to be liberated quickly by the French and British, but after the evacuation from [[Dunkirk]], where the [[Allies]]'s armies barely escaped being surrounded, [[France]] surrendered. The new regime in [[Vichy France|Vichy]] began [[collaboration|collaborating]] with the Germans. The government of Prime Minister [[Dirk Jan de Geer]] was invited to return as well. He wanted to accept this invitation but [[Queen Wilhelmina]] did not approve it.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1996

| ''[[Akkada Abbai Ikkada Ammayi]]''

| Kalyan Kumar

| debut film,Average

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1997

| ''[[Gokulamlo Seetha]]''

| Pavan

| Play Boy

|-

|rowspan="2"| 1998

| ''[[Suswagatham]]''

| Ganesh

| Hit

|-

| ''[[Tholi Prema]]''

| Balu

| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholi_Prema]]; National Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu<ref>[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|"National Film award for the best Telugu Feature Film"]]</ref> and State Golden Nandi award for the best feature film<ref>[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|"List of Nandi Award winners for the Best Feature Film]]</ref>

|-

|rowspan="1"| 1999

| ''[[Thammudu]]''

| Subrahmanyam / "Subbu" Subhash

| Kick Boxer,Hit

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2000

| ''[[Badri (2000 film)|Badri]]''

| Badri-Badrinath

| Fashion Designer and Ad director,Hit

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2001

| ''[[Khushi (Telugu film)|Khushi]]''

| "Sidhu" Sidhartha Roy

| Mega Blockbuster, Also provided stunts and choreographed a couple of songs[[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436302/]]

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2003

| ''[[Johnny (film)|Johnny]]''

| Johnny

| Flop

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2004

| ''[[Gudumba Shankar]]''

| Shankar / Kalyanji - Anandji

| Flop

|-

| ''[[Shankardada MBBS]]''

| Special appearance

|-

|rowspan="1"| 2005

| ''[[Balu ABCDEFG]]''

| Balu / Ghani

| Average

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2006

| ''[[Bangaram]]''

| Bangaram

| Flop

|-

| ''[[Annavaram]]''

| Annavaram

| Average

|-

|rowspan="2"| 2007

| ''[[Shankardada Zindabad]]''

| Suresh

| Played an important guest role.

|-

| ''[[Jalsa]]''

|

|pawan kalyan oadhi(dus)

|-

The Dutch navy, merchant navy and the [[oil]] reserves of [[Dutch East Indies]] were of great importance to the British. After Germany forced Vichy France to hand over [[Indochina]] to Japan, Queen Wilhelmina was afraid the same thing would happen to the East Indies. She, herself, dismissed her Prime Minister and assigned another ([[Pieter Gerbrandy]]), who did want to continue fighting.

|

|

|-

|}

==PersecutionSee of Jewsalso==

*[[Chiranjeevi]]

[[Image:AnneFrankstatue.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Anne Frank]]'s diary has been translated into some 60 languages since its publication.]]

*[[Daggubati Venkatesh |"Victory" Venkatesh]]

*[[Allu Arjun]]

*[[Bala Krishna]]

*[[Ram Charan Teja]]

*[[Tollywood]]

== References ==

Shortly after the invasion the [[Anti-Semitism#Anti-Semitism_in_the_20th_century|Persecution of Jews]] began. The Germans established a government with the Austrian [[Arthur Seyss-Inquart]] as leader. They also established a "Jewish Board". Mainly this was a way of organising the identification and deportation of Jews more efficiently. A substantial number of people from the diamond business organised this 'Board' and the Jews were told they were safe, as long as they all came to register themselves.

<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

== External links ==

Only a few disagreed, mainly because it 'would jeopardise the Jewish community'. The Dutch people did not offer much resistance at that time either and a possible Allied victory seemed far away. When the Germans had gathered enough information they broke all promises and started deporting the Jews. In [[1942]] a transit camp was built near [[Westerbork]] by converting an existing internment camp for immigrants; at [[Vught]] and [[Amersfoort]] German [[concentration camp]]s were built as well. At the end of the war only 30,000 of the 140,000 Dutch Jews survived. One of the victims is [[Anne Frank]], who became famous years later because of her diary, written while she was hiding.

* {{imdb name|id=0436302|name=Pawan Kalyan}}

* [http://www.telugucinemastills.com/xclusives/akira/akiranandan.html Pawan Kalyan's Son: Akira Nandan Konidela]

* [http://www.pawankalyansatyagrahi.com/ Pawan Kalyan's Satyagrahi]

* [http://www.pawanfans.com Pawan Kalyan Fansite]

* [http://www.megafans.com Chiranjeevi - Pawan Kalyan Fansite]

* [http://www.cherryfans.com Mega Fansite]

* [http://www.commonmanprotectionforce.org - Common Man Protection Force]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalyan, Pawan}}

The Dutch people reacted with a strike (the February Strike) as a protest against the deportations. Although the strike did not accomplish much, it was a major setback for Seyss-Inquart because he had planned to both deport the Jews and to win the Dutch for the Nazi cause. From then on the Nazis treated the Dutch more strictly.

[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:1973 births]]

Part of the reason that it was so easy for the Germans to round up the Jews was that the Dutch had registered their population in too much detail, including information about their religion. To this day, this is used as an argument in the Netherlands that such detailed registration is a bad idea.

[[Category:Telugu people]]

[[Category:Indian actors]]

Ther ehas been some criticism of Dutch Rail ([[NS]]) for helping the deportations by not going on strike. But there was little knowledge of what exactly was going to happen to the Jews and the trains were essential in other terrains. As an example of how much they were needed the later 'Hungerwinter' (see below) is given as an example.

[[Category:Indian film directors]]

[[Category:Tollywood]]

==Oppression and resistance==

[[Category:Indian vegetarians]]

An ''Arbeitseinsatz'' was imposed on the Netherlands, which obliged every man between 18 and 45 to work in the German factories, which were bombed every night by the western Allies. Those who refused to work in German factories were forced to go underground. As food and many other goods were taken out of the Netherlands, rationing (the ration card) became a way of controlling the people. Any Dutch who violated German laws, such as hiding or hiding another, automatically lost their food. Hiding Jews was even more dangerous as it was punishable by death - one third of the people who hid Jews did not survive the war.

[[Category:Telugu film directors]]

The [[Atlantic Wall]], a gigantic coastal defence line built by the Germans along the entire European coast from South France to [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]] was built in the Netherlands too. Some towns, like [[Scheveningen]], were cleared because of this. In the Hague 3200 houses were demolished and 2594 were dismantled. 20,000 houses were cleared, and 65,000 people were forced to move. The Arbeitseinsatz also included forcing Dutch people to work on this, but a passive form of resistance took place here by working slowly or doing such a bad job that it had to be done again. And again.

Due to the censorship, the [[radio]] and [[newspaper]]s were only allowed to deliver the news approved by the Germans. Obviously this only reported the positive results of the Germans. These news messages were not able to hide the unfavourable completely, after all the German 'victories' in Russia keep coming closer to Germany. Listening to Radio Oranje (Radio Orange), Dutch-speaking broadcasts from [[London]], was prohibited.

These measures of oppression stimulated the [[resistance movement]]. Illegal newspapers with the news from Radio Oranje were spread. Some people stole to obtain ration cards, to feed people in hiding.

In February 1943, the [[Amsterdam]]-based resistance cell [[CS-9]] assassinated Luitenant-Generaal [[Hendrik A. Seyffardt]], the figurehead of the [[4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland|SS-Freiwilligen-Legion ''Niederlande'']] and a major Dutch collaborator with ties to the NSB.

Acts of resistance were met with increasing German brutality. After an assault on a German officer near [[Putten]] the entire male population of the town were executed without trial.

Members of the underground resistance in the Netherlands included [[Hannie Schaft]].

In order for the resistance to do their work it was sometimes necessary to act as if they were collaborating with the Germans. After the war this led to problems if they couldn't prove they had been in the resistance - which was difficult because it was the nature of the job to keep it a secret.

Some even decided to keep their underground activities a secret after the war because they didn't want to brag about what they had done. Such was the case in [[Valkenburg aan de Geul|Valkenburg]]. This led to a problem for historians, who couldn't find any information on any resistance there, so they claimed there wasn't any. See [[Valkenburg resistance]], also as an example of how such resistance worked.

==Dutch volunteers in the German armed forces==

Not all Dutch offered active or passive resistance against the German occupation. Many Dutch chose to serve with the German armed forces, work in the German war industry or take part in Dutch politics under the Germans.

The [[Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging|NSB]] collaborated actively with the German occupants. There were also Netherlanders who voluntarily enlisted in the German army and the [[Waffen SS]] to take part in the so-called ''Crusade against [[Bolshevism]]'' or against [[communism]] in general.

Between 25,000 and 55,000 Netherlanders served in the [[Heer]] and the Waffen-SS, the most notable formations being the [[4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland|4.SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Brigade ''Nederland'']] and the [[Landstorm Nederland]]. Apart from brief combat during [[Operation Market Garden]], these units saw action exclusively on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] against the [[Soviet Union]].

The ''Nederland'' brigade distinguished itself on the Eastern Front during the [[Battle of Narva (1944)]], with several troopers receiving the [[Knight's Cross]], Germany's highest award for bravery.

==The last year==

After the [[Allied]] [[Battle of Normandy|landing in Normandy]] in June [[1944]], the western Allies rapidly advanced in the direction of the Dutch border. In September they tried to conquer the bridges over the main rivers ([[Operation Market Garden]]) but they failed in [[Arnhem]]. Tuesday [[September 5]] is known as ''Dolle dinsdag'' (Mad Tuesday) - the Dutch began celebrating, believing they were close to liberation. But the northern part of the country above the [[Rhine]] river delta had to wait until [[1945]].

However a part of the south of the Netherlands were not liberated either - the Germans still occupied [[Walcheren]]. From here they controlled the approach to the port of [[Antwerp]]. And the Allies needed a large supply port as the ports in Normandy were too limited and far away. On [[October 24]] the [[Canadian 2nd Division]] took the Kreekkrakdam after some fierce fighting. The next day they were able to liberate the town of [[Rilland Bath]]. The Scottish [[52nd Lowland Division]] landed on the south coast of [[Zuid-Beveland]]. On [[October 30]] Zuid-Beveland was completely liberated.

To capture the approaches to the port of Antwerp, the British and Canadians also needed Walcheren. But the strong German defense made a landing very difficult. Therefore the dikes of Walcheren at [[Westkapelle]] were bombed. Walcheren was flooded. In spite of warning the people with pamphlets, 180 inhabitants of Westkappelle died. The dikes at [[Vlissingen]] and [[Veere]] were bombed too.

The Dutch government did not want to use the old water line in 1940. It was still possible to create an island out of Holland by destroying dykes and flooding the [[polder]]s, but this island contained the [[randstad|main cities]]. There were too many people to keep alive. However, Hitler ordered ''Festung Holland'' to be held at any price. The winter of 1944-[[1945]] was very severe, and this lead to hunger journeys and people who starved to death, exhaustion, cold or disease. This winter is known as the ''[[Hongerwinter]]'' (Hungerwinter). The food situation was aggravated by a general railway strike ordered by the Dutch government in exile in expectation of a general German collapse near the end of 1944.

On the island of [[Texel]] 800 [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]ns, part of the German army, [[Georgian Uprising of Texel|rebelled]] on [[April 5]] [[1945]]. Their rebellion was crushed by the German army after two weeks of battle. 565 Georgians, 120 inhabitants of Texel and 800 Germans died. The 228 surviving Georgians were forcibly repatriated after the war.

After the capture of the [[Rhine]] bridge at [[Remagen]], Canadian forces entered the Netherlands from the east, liberating the eastern and northern provinces. The western provinces, where the situation was worst, however, had to wait until the surrender of German forces in the Netherlands was negotiated on the eve of [[May 5]] [[1945]] (three days before the general capitulation of Germany), in hotel ''De Wereld'' (The World) in [[Wageningen]]. Previously the Swedish [[Red Cross]] had been allowed to provide relief efforts, the most memorable ones employing Allied bombers dropping food over the German-occupied territories in [[Operation Manna]].

After liberation, Dutch citizens began taking the law in their own hands as in other liberated countries such as France. Collaborators and ''moffenmeiden''(Hun's girls) were abused and humiliated in public, usually by having their heads shaven and painted orange.

==Dutch East Indies and the war against Japan==

On [[January 10]] [[1942]] the [[Japan|Japanese]] invaded the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now Indonesia). Dutch navy ships in the Dutch East Indies joined the [[ABDA]] fleet ([[US Navy|American]]-[[Royal Navy|British]]-[[Royal Netherlands Navy|Dutch]]-[[Royal Australian Navy|Australian]] fleet) commanded by Dutch admiral [[Karel Doorman]]. On February 27 and 28 [[1942]], Admiral Doorman was ordered to take the offensive against the [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]]. The ABDA fleet encountered the Japanese at the [[Battle of the Java Sea]], Doorman then gave the order to attack. However the ABDA fleet was destroyed in the ensuing battle. The words in which Doorman is alledged to have given the order to attack were "Ik val aan, volg mij!" (I am attacking, follow me!), although he never literally said that.

After Japanese troops had landed on [[Java (island)|Java]], the Dutch surrendered on [[March 1]] 1942. Dutch soldiers were imprisoned in labour camps. Later all Dutch were captured and sent to camps, some were deported to Japan or set to work on the [[Death Railway|Thai-Burma Railway]].

Dutch submarines escaped and resumed the fight on with the Allies. As a part of the Allied forces they were on the hunt for Japanese oil transports to Japan and troop and weapon transports from Japan headed for the other battlefields (including [[New Guinea]]).

Several Dutch army and navy pilots also escaped, and with Dutch aircraft purchased from the [[United States]] formed [[Royal Australian Air Force]] No. 18 Squadron ([[B-25_Mitchell|B-25 Mitchells]])

and No. 120 Squadron ([[Curtiss_P-40|P-40 Kittyhawks]]). These squadrons helped defend [[Australia]] from the Japanese and participated in the eventual liberation of the Netherlands East Indies. [http://www.netherlands.org.au/assets/6460Speech%20Unveiling%20Memorial%20Plaque%20-%20RAAF%20Memorial%20Grove.doc]

Gradually, control of the Netherlands East Indies was wrested away from the Japanese. The largest Allied invasion took place in July [[1945]] with Australian landings on the island of [[Borneo]], ostensibly to seize the strategic oilfields from the now cut-off Japanese forces. However, the Japanese had already begun independence negotiations with [[Indonesia]]n nationalists such as [[Sukarno]] - and Indonesian forces had themselves taken over control of a sizeable portion of [[Sumatra]] and [[Java (island)|Java]]. The Japanese surrender on [[August 15]] 1945 precipitated outright conflict between British, Dutch, Australian and American forces on one side and Indonesian forces on the other.

==After the war==

After the war some people who were thought to have collaborated with the Germans were murdered or punished without trial. Others were sentenced by the Ministry of Justice. Some proved to have been arrested unjustly, and were cleared of charges, sometimes after being into custody for a long periods of time.

There were plans to annexate a sizeable portion of Germany, which would have doubled the Netherlands. This plan was dropped. But a plan that ''was'' executed to some extent was [[Black Tulip]], the deportation of all holders of German passports in the Netherlands. In the end several thousand Germans were deported.

The bank credits of killed Jewish Dutch are still subjects of trials more than half a century later.

The end of the war also meant the final loss of the Netherlands East Indies from Dutch control. Following the surrender of the Japanese in the Netherlands East Indies, Indonesian nationalists fought a four year [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian war of independence]] against Dutch and [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces, eventually leading to the Dutch recognition of the independence of [[Indonesia]]. Many Dutch and Indonesians emigrated or returned to the Netherlands at this time, resulting in a lasting Indonesian influence in Dutch culture and cuisine.

World War II has left many trails on the Dutch society. On [[May 4]] the Dutch remember the people who died during the war. But also among the living there are many, who still have emotional problems due to the war, the first generation as well as the second. In the year [[2000]] the government still grants 24,000 people a yearly payment (among them are victims from later wars too, for example the war in [[Korea]]).

==External Links==

*[http://warmuseum.ca/cwm/newspapers/operations/netherlands_e.html Canadian Newspapers and the Second World War - The Liberation of the Netherlands, 1944-1945]

==See Also==

* [[The Netherlands]]

* [[Military of the Netherlands]]

* [[Culture of the Netherlands]]

* [[History of the Netherlands]]

* [[4th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland]]

* [[World War II]]

[[Category:History of the Netherlands]]

[[Category:World War II politics]]

[[nl:Nederland in de Tweede Wereldoorlog]]