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'''Camp Shelby''' is a military post approximately 15 miles south of [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi]], on [[United States Highway 49]]. It is the largest state owned training site in the nation, has a long history of serving the country and is considered by many as “a national treasure.” During wartime, the camp's mission is to serve as a major, independent mobilization station of the [[U.S. Army Forces Command]] (FORSCOM). Camp Shelby Training Site is the largest reserve component training site, covering 136,000 acres, allowing up to battalion level maneuver training, Gunnery Table 8-12, excellent FA Firing Points and a wide range of support facilities. This is the normal Annual Training ___location for [[National Guard]] and Reserve units located in Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennesse. However, units from accross the country use its excellent assets to support a varity of missions. The 2nd BN, 114th FA conducts its gunnery and has the bulk of its combat equipment stored in the Mobilization and Annual Training Equipment Site (MATES) located there.
[[Image:simon1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Simon & Garfunkel, ''Bookends'']]
'''Simon and Garfunkel''' were an [[United States|American]] [[popular music]] duo comprised of [[Paul Simon]] and [[Art Garfunkel|Arthur "Art" Garfunkel]]. Simon and Garfunkel were among the most popular recording artists of the [[1960s]], and are best known for their songs "[[The Sound of Silence]]", "[[Mrs. Robinson]]" and "[[Bridge Over Troubled Water (song)|Bridge Over Troubled Water]]". They have received several [[Grammy Award|Grammys]] and are inductees of the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].
Camp Shelby Training Site (CSTS), encompassing over 525 square kilometers, is located in portions of [[Perry County, Mississippi|Perry]] and [[Forrest County, Mississippi|Forrest]] Counties, in south Mississippi. The training site was established during [[World War I]] and it has served almost continuously since then as a training site, not only for the Reserve Components of the Army, but also for the Active Components of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. The training site consists of a mix of State, [[Department of Defense]], and [[U.S. Forest Service]] lands in the [[DeSoto National Forest]].
==Early history==
In [[1956 in music|1956]], [[Paul Simon]] and [[Art Garfunkel]] were juniors at [[Forest Hills High School]] in [[City of New York|New York City]]. They began playing together as a group called '''Tom and Jerry''', with Simon as Jerry Landis and Garfunkel as Tom Graph, so called because he always liked to track ("graph") hits on the pop charts. As seniors in [[1957 in music|1957]], Simon was disgnosed with problem flatulence. Later they then started writing their own songs in the [[The Everly Brothers|Everly Brothers]]' [[rock and roll]] style. They managed to record one of their first songs, "Hey, Schoolgirl", for Sid Prosen of [[Big Records]]. Released on 45 and 78 rpm records, the single — backed with "Dancin' Wild" — sold 100,000 copies, hitting #49 on the [[Billboard magazine|Billboard]] charts.
Encompassing more than 134,820 acres, Camp Shelby, Mississippi is the largest state-owned and operated field training site in the United States. It is a training ground for the [[M1 Abrams|Abrams M1 Tank]], [[Paladin Howitzers]] and home to the 3rd Brigade 87th Division Training Support. Camp Shelby serves as a training site for National Guardsmen and Reservists from throughout the country hosting as many as 100,000 personnel annually.
{| align=right cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="padding: 10px; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em"
! Simon and Garfunkel audio samples [[Image:Sound-icon.png|41px|Icon of loudspeaker]]
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|[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|"Mrs. Robinson" (23 seconds)]]
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|[[media:Sg_book2.ogg|The title track from "Bookends" (13 seconds)]]
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|[[media:Sg_botw.ogg|"Bridge Over Troubled Water" (15 seconds)]]
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|[[media:Sg_sfc.ogg|"Scarborough Fair/Canticle" (16 seconds)]]
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|[[media:Sg_sos.ogg|"The Sound of Silence" (16 seconds)]]
|-
|[[media:Sg_wm3a.ogg|"Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M." (11 seconds)]]
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Camp Shelby was established in 1917. The Post was named in honor of [[Isaac Shelby]], Indian fighter, Revolutionary War hero and 1st Governor of Kentucky, by the first troops to train here, the [[38th Division]].
They later performed their hit on ''[[American Bandstand]]'', right after [[Jerry Lee Lewis]]' "[[Great Balls of Fire]]".
In 1934, the State of Mississippi acquired the site for use as a summer camp by the National Guard. Because of Camp Shelby's natural advantages of climate, terrain and ___location, it was reopened in 1940 as a federal installation. Some of the divisions that have trained in Mississippi include the 31st, 37th, 38th, 43rd, 63rd, 65th, 69th, 85th, 94th, and the 99th Divisions.
Subsequent efforts in [[1958 in music|1958]] did not reach near their initial success, and after high school the duo split, with Simon enrolling at [[Queens College, New York|Queens College]] and Garfunkel matriculating into [[Columbia University]].
[[Image:Simon&GarfunkelBridgeoverTroubledWateralbumcover.jpg|frame|left|''[[Bridge Over Troubled Water]]'' was Simon and Garfunkel's last album; the [[Bridge Over Troubled Water (song)|title track]] was one of three number one hits in the [[United States]] but their only number one hit in the [[United Kingdom]].]]
In [[1963 in music|1963]] they found prominence as part of the same New York City [[folk music]] scene as [[Bob Dylan]], with close harmony singing inspired by the Everly Brothers, combined with Simon's acoustic [[guitar]] playing. Simon, who had finished college but dropped out of [[Brooklyn Law School]], had — like Garfunkel — developed an interest in the folk scene. Simon showed Garfunkel a few songs that he had written in the folk style: "Sparrow", "Bleecker Street", and "He Was My Brother" — which was later dedicated to [[Andrew Goodman]], a friend of both Simon and Garfunkel, and a classmate of Simon's at Queen's College, who was one of three civil rights workers murdered in [[Neshoba County, Mississippi]], on [[June 21]], [[1964]].
The famous [[Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team]] and the [[100th Battalion]] trained here in preparation for [[World War II]]. [[Women's Army Corps]] (WAC) units also trained here. The Post contained a large convalescent hospital and had a prisoner of war camp which housed members of the German Afrika Corps.
These three efforts were among five original songs by Simon included on their first album for [[Columbia Records]], ''[[Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.]]'', which initially flopped upon its release on [[October 19]], [[1964]].
The post closed shortly after the end of World War II. During the [[Korean Conflict]], Camp Shelby was established as an Emergency Railhead Facility.
==First breakup==
Shortly after finishing recording, the duo effectively split again and Simon moved to [[England]], where he recorded his solo ''[[The Paul Simon Song Book]]'' in May [[1965 in music|1965]]. Recorded on three different dates in June and July at Levy's Studio, [[London]], and featuring only Simon and his guitar, it is a refreshing souvenir of the early folk work of Paul Simon. The album was supposedly deleted about [[1979 in music|1979]] at Simon's request, but was re-introduced on CD with bonus tracks in [[2004 in music|2004]].
In the summer of 1954, non-divisional National Guard units trained at Camp Shelby and in 1956, it was designated a permanent training site by Continental Army Command (now Forces Command). Over 5,000 troops were processed through Camp Shelby during Desert Storm Operations.
While Simon was in England that summer of [[1965]], radio stations around [[Cocoa Beach, Florida|Cocoa Beach]] and [[Gainesville, Florida]], began to receive requests for a song from the album ''Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M.'' called "[[The Sound of Silence]]". The song also began to receive radio airplay in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]. Seizing the chance, the duo's U.S. producer, Tom Wilson, who had heard [[The Byrds]]' early folk records, dubbed an electric guitar and drums into "The Sound of Silence" track, and released it as a single, backed with "[[We've Got a Groovey Thing Goin']]". The dubbing turned folk into [[folk-rock]], the debut of a new genre for the [[Top 40]], much to Simon's surprise.
Camp Shelby is also home to the [[Youth Challenge Program]] (a boot camp for troubled youths)and the [[Mississippi Armed Forces Museum]].
In [[September]] [[1965]], Simon first learned that it had entered the pop charts while he was about to go on stage in a [[Denmark|Danish]] folk club. The song hit number 1 on the pop charts by that December.
==Reunification==
Simon immediately returned to the [[United States]] and the group re-formed for the second time to record more tracks in a similar style, though neither approved of what Wilson had done with "The Sound of Silence."
The result was a sequence of [[folk-rock]] records, which have endured as well as any in the genre. Simon's lyrics were often insightful and picturesque, but leavened by a consistent dry humour.
On [[January 17]], [[1966 in music|1966]], the duo released the album ''[[Sounds of Silence]]'', which – helped by the title track's success – hit #21, while ''Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.'' was re-released and reached #30.
Among the tracks on ''The Paul Simon Song Book'' that were rerecorded with electric backing for ''Sounds of Silence'' were "[[I Am A Rock]]" (which as a single reached US #3 in the summer of 1966), "Leaves That Are Green", "April Come She Will", and "Kathy's Song".
Further hit singles came, including "Scarborough Fair/Canticle", based on a traditional English ballad with an original [[counter-melody]], and "Homeward Bound" (later US #5), about life on the road while Simon was touring in England in 1965 (The song is reputed to have been written on a platform at [[Widnes]] railway station).
More tracks from ''The Paul Simon Song Book'' were included with recent compositions on their [[October 10]], [[1966 in music|1966]] album ''[[Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme]]'', which refined the [[folk-rock]] sound hastily released on ''Sounds of Silence''.
In [[1967 in music|1967]], Simon and Garfunkel contributed heavily to the [[The Graduate Original Soundtrack|soundtrack]] to [[Mike Nichols]]' film ''[[The Graduate]]'', which was released on [[January 21]], [[1968 in music|1968]], and instantly rose to #1 as an album.
As their albums became progressively more adventurous, ''The Graduate Original Soundtrack'' was immediately followed in [[March]] [[1968]] at the top of the charts by ''[[Bookends]]'', which dealt with increasingly complex themes of old age and loss. It features the top-25 hit singles "A Hazy Shade Of Winter", "Fakin' It", "At The Zoo", "[[America (song)|America]]", and "[[Mrs. Robinson]]", the classic from the ''Graduate'' soundtrack, which became #1 as a single.
At the [[March]] [[1969]] Grammy Awards, "Mrs. Robinson" was named Record of the Year, while Simon was also honored with the Grammy for Best Original Score for a Motion Picture.
==Second breakup==
By [[1969 in music|1969]], the duo's success began to take its toll. Garfunkel had begun to pursue a career in acting, in Nichols' follow-up to ''The Graduate'', starring as Nately in the movie version of ''[[Catch-22]]''. This increasingly frustrated Simon when Garfunkel's leave interfered with the recording of the duo's next album, and it didn't help that Simon's part in the film had been cut before filming actually began.
The duo's deteriorating personal relationship continued into their late [[1969]] tour, which featured performances at [[Miami University]] in [[Oxford, Ohio]] on [[November 11]] and [[Carbondale, Illinois]] on [[November 8]], recordings of which are supposedly widely bootlegged. Video footage of the tour was shown on their controversial [[November 30]] television special ''Songs Of America'', which TV sponsors refused to endorse because of its distinct anti-[[Vietnam War]] message.
Their long-delayed final album, ''[[Bridge Over Troubled Water]]'', was at last released on [[January 26]], [[1970]]. Its [[Bridge Over Troubled Water (song)|title track]], featuring Garfunkel's soaring vocals, was a massive hit and one of the best-selling records of the decade, staying #1 on the charts for six weeks and on the charts for far longer. The album includes three other top-twenty hits: "El Condor Pasa" (US #18), "Cecilia" (US #4), and "[[The Boxer]]" – which, finished in 1968, hit #7 on the charts the following year – as well as a live recording of the [[Everly Brothers]]' "Bye Bye Love" from ''[[Ames, Iowa]]'', on their 1969 tour.
At the subsequent [[March]] [[1971 in music|1971]], [[Grammy Awards of 1971|Grammy Awards]], the album and single were named Album and Record of The Year, respectively, winning Grammys as well for Best Engineered Record, Song of The Year, Best Contemporary Song, and Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists. Their [[1972 in music|1972]] ''[[Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits|Greatest Hits]]'' album peaked at US #5.
After the pair split later in [[1970]], Simon went on to a very successful solo music career, recording several classic albums, including ''[[There Goes Rhymin' Simon]]'' (1973), ''[[Still Crazy After All These Years]]'' (1975), and his most highly celebrated ''[[Graceland (album)|Graceland]]'' (1986). Garfunkel split his time between acting and musical releases, with various results. His most critical acclaimed album was the [[1978 in music|1978]] effort ''Watermark'' for which almost all the songs were written by [[Jimmy Webb]].
==Subsequent careers==
Simon and Garfunkel's first reunion since their second breakup was at a June, [[1972]] benefit concert at [[Madison Square Garden]] for presidential candidate [[George McGovern]]. On [[October 18]], [[1975]] the duo made an appearance on [[NBC]]'s ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''. They performed "The Boxer" and "Scarborough Fair" together. Several still photos were shown during the show of the pair visiting their childhood neighborhood in [[Queens]] in [[New York City]]. That fall also saw the release of their first new single since the breakup, "My Little Town." The song made the top ten and appeared on both of their solo albums released that year.
The duo has reunited off and on since then, most notably for [[The Concert in Central Park|a free concert]] in New York's [[Central Park]] on [[September 19]], [[1981 in music|1981]], which attracted a crowd of around 500,000 people and was televised and subsequently released on LP, CD, VHS, LD, and DVD. The success of the [[1981]] concert prompted the duo to go on a world tour in [[1982 in music|1982]] (Europe and Japan) and [[1983 in music|1983]] (The U.S. and [[Canada]]).
Simon and Garfunkel even started work on what would have been their first new studio album in more than a decade, tentatively titled ''Think Too Much''. But creative differences led Simon to wipe Garfunkel's vocals off the few tracks that were completed. The solo album ''[[Hearts and Bones]]'' was the result, and a long period of estrangement for the duo followed.
Their next public appearance was in [[1990 in music|1990]], when the two performed at a ceremony for their induction into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]. Simon and Garfunkel appeared together in [[1993 in music|1993]] for 21 sold out concerts in New York, with half of the show being [[Paul Simon]] solo with a band and the other half Simon & Garfunkel. Later the same year they did some charity concerts, like for the ''Bridge School Concerts''.
[[Image:simon2.jpg|frame|right|Simon and Garfunkel discuss reunion tour at promotional press conference, 2003.]]
In July [[2002 in music|2002]], Columbia Legacy issued a previously unreleased live recording of a Simon and Garfunkel concert, ''[[Live In New York City, 1967]]''. It features an almost-complete recording of a performance given by the duo at [[Philharmonic Hall]], the [[Lincoln Center]] in New York City on [[January 22]], [[1967]].
On [[February 23]], [[2003 in music|2003]], Simon and Garfunkel reunited to perform in public for the first time since [[1993]], singing "The Sound Of Silence" as the opening act of the [[Grammy Awards]]. Before the show, the duo was presented with the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], honoring their musical contributions over the past four and a half decades.
The good feelings generated by their appearance on the Grammys led to another thaw in their relationship. Soon, Simon and Garfunkel launched a two-month long reunion tour of the [[United States]] (and [[Toronto, Canada]]), which ran from [[October 16]] to [[December 21]], [[2003]]. Entitled "Old Friends," their first tour in over twenty years included forty shows in twenty-eight cities and featured special guests [[The Everly Brothers]].
The success of the first ''Old Friends'' tour led to an encore in [[June]] and [[July]] [[2004]] with over 25 shows, this time also in Europe. In [[July]] [[2004]], they completed the tour with a flourish, with a finale at the [[Colosseum]] in [[Rome]] before an audience which, according to news media reports, was probably even larger than the audience at the famous [[Central Park]] concert.
==Discography==
* ''[[Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.]]'' ([[1964]])
* ''[[Sounds of Silence]]'' ([[1965]])
* ''[[Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme]]'' ([[1966]])
* ''[[The Graduate Original Soundtrack]]'' ([[1967]])
* ''[[Bookends]]'' ([[1967]])
* ''[[Bridge Over Troubled Water]]'' ([[1970]])
* ''[[Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits]]'' ([[1972]])
* ''[[The Concert in Central Park]]'' ([[1981]])
* ''[[Live In New York City, 1967]]'' ([[2002]])
* ''[[Old Friends: Live on Stage]]'' ([[2004]])
* And many other anthologies and compilations.
==Singles==
{| {{prettytable}}
|rowspan="2"|'''Year'''
|rowspan="2"| '''Title'''
|rowspan="2"| '''Label'''
|colspan="2"| '''Chart positions'''
|rowspan="2"| '''Album'''
|-
|US [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]]
|[[UK_Singles_Chart|UK Charts]]
|-
| [[1957 in music|1957]]
| "Hey Schoolgirl"/"Dancin' Wild" [a]
| Big 613 [45 & 78] and King 5167
| #49
| -
|-
| [[1958 in music|1958]]
| "Our Song"/"Two Teen-Agers" [a]
| Big 616
| -
| -
|-
| 1958
| "That’s My Story"/"Don’t Say Goodbye" [a]
| Big 616 and Hunt 319
| -
| -
|-
| [[1959 in music|1959]]
| "Baby Talk"/"I'm Gonna Get Married" [a] [c]
| Bell 120
| -
| -
|-
| 1959
| "Baby Talk"/"Thank You Pretty Baby" [a] [b] [d]
| Gala GSP 806
| -
| -
|-
| 1959
| "I'm Lonesome"/"Looking At You" [a]
| Ember 1094
| -
| -
|-
| [[1962 in music|1962]]
| "Surrender, Please Surrender"/"Fightin' Mad" [a]
| ABC-Paramount 10363
| -
| -
|-
| [[1963 in music|1963]]
| "I'm Lonesome"/"Looking At You" [a] [b]
| Pye International 25202
| -
| -
|-
| [[1965 in music|1965]]
| "The Sounds of Silence"/"We've Got A Groovey Thing Goin'"
| Columbia 4-43396
| #1
| -
| ''[[Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.]]'' and ''[[Sounds of Silence]]''
|-
| [[1966 in music|1966]]
| "Homeward Bound"/"Leaves That Are Green"
| Columbia 4-43511
| #5
| #9
| ''Sounds of Silence'' for B-side (and A-side in the UK); ''[[Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme]]'' for A-side in the US
|-
| 1966
| "I Am A Rock"/"Flowers Never Bend With The Rainfall"
| Columbia 4-43617
| #3
| #17
| ''Sounds of Silence'' (A); ''Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme'' (B)
|-
| 1966
| "The Dangling Conversation"/"The Big Bright Green Pleasure Machine"
| Columbia 4-43728
| #25
| -
| ''Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme''
|-
| 1966
| "A Hazy Shade of Winter"/"For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her"
| Columbia 4-43873
| #13
| -
| ''[[Bookends]]'' (A); ''Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme'' (B)
|-
| [[1967 in music|1967]]
| "At The Zoo"/"The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)"
| Columbia 4-44046
| #16
| -
| ''[[Bookends]]'' (A); ''Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme'' (B)
|-
| 1967
| "Fakin' It"/"You Don't Know Where Your Interest Lies"
| Columbia 4-44232
| #23
| -
| ''Bookends'' (A only)
|-
| 1967
| "Scarborough Fair/Canticle"/"April Come She Will"
| Columbia 4-44465
| #11
| -
| ''Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme'' (A); ''Sounds of Silence'' (B)
|-
| [[1968 in music|1968]]
| "Mrs. Robinson"/"Old Friends/Bookends"
| Columbia 4-44511
| #1
| #7
| ''Bookends''
|-
| [[1969 in music|1969]]
| "The Boxer"/"Baby Driver"
| Columbia 4-44785
| #7
| #10
| ''[[Bridge Over Troubled Water]]'' (A only)
|-
| 1969
| "Baby Driver" (mono)/"Baby Driver" (stereo)
| Columbia 4-44785
| -
| -
| ''Bridge Over Troubled Water'' (B only)
|-
| [[1970 in music|1970]]
| "Bridge Over Troubled Water"/"Keep The Customer Satisfied"
| Columbia 4-45079
| #1
| #1
| ''Bridge Over Troubled Water''
|-
| 1970
| "Cecilia"/"The Only Living Boy In New York"
| Columbia 4-45133
| #4
| -
| ''Bridge Over Troubled Water''
|-
| 1970
| "El Condor Pasa (If I Could)"/"Why Don't You Write Me"
| Columbia 4-45237
| #18
| -
| ''Bridge Over Troubled Water''
|-
| [[1972 in music|1972]]
| "For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her"
| Columbia 4-45663
| #53
| -
| ''[[Simon & Garfunkel's Greatest Hits]]''
|-
| 1972
| "America"
| Columbia 4-45663
| #97
| -
|''Simon & Garfunkel's Greatest Hits''
|-
| [[1975 in music|1975]]
| "My Little Town" (mono/stereo) [e]
| Columbia 3-10230
| #9
| -
|-
| [[1982 in music|1982]]
| "Wake Up Little Susie"/"Me And Julio Down By The Schoolyard"
| Warner Bros. WBS 50053
| #27
| -
| ''[[The Concert in Central Park]]''
|}
[a] as Tom & Jerry
[b] UK release
[c] B-side by Ronnie Lawrence
[d] B-side by Paul Sheldon
[e] also released as an EP backed by "Rag Doll" (Garfunkel solo) and "You're Kind" (Simon solo)
==See also==
*[[Best selling music artists]]
==External links==
*[http://www.simonandgarfunkel.com/ Simon and Garfunkel - The Official Site]
*[http://simon-and-garfunkel.org/lyrics/ Simon and Garfunkel lyrics]
*[http://www.paul-simon.info/ Paul Simon solo]
*[http://www.artgarfunkel.com/ Art Garfunkel solo]
*[http://www.songfta.com/ Song For The Asking - Fan Site]
*[http://www.npr.org/features/feature.php?wfId=1951161 Interview] ([[2004]]) of both Art Garfunkel and Paul Simon
[[Category: 1960s]]
[[Category:American musical groups]]
[[Category:Male singers]]
[[Category:Vocalists]]
[[Category:Folk rock groups]]
[[Category:Rock music groups]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Popular musical groups]]
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