Help:Citations quick reference: Difference between revisions

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{{Wikipedia how-to|WP:CQR}}

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[[Citation]]s are important in Wikipedia to ensure that information comes from actual, reliable sources ([[WP:V]], [[WP:CITE]]). There are three preferred ways of [[WP:Citing sources|citing sources]]:

# [[Help:Footnotes|Footnotes]]

# Footnotes with [[Help:List-defined references|list-defined references]]

# [[Help:Shortened footnotes|Shortened footnotes]]

Citations can also be placed as [[Help:URL|external link]]s, but these are not preferred because they are prone to [[WP:LR|link rot]] and usually lack the full information necessary to find the original source in cases of link rot. In cases where citations are lacking, the template {{tlx|fact}} can be added after the statement in question.

The following table shows examples of these ways of citing sources, categorized as "[[The Good, the Bad and the Ugly|the good, the bad and the ugly]]".

<br style="clear:both;" /><!--Keep BR here; prevents shortcut from being to the right of the table.-->

{| class="wikitable"

! !! Citation style !! InArticle article[[Help:Wikitext|wikitext]] !! Appears as !! In References section [[Help:Wikitext|wikitext]] !! Appears as

|-

| [[Wikipedia:Embedded citations|Embedded links]]

| <nowiki>Substantiated claim.[http://www.google.com]</nowiki>

| Substantiated claim.[http://www.google.com]

| <nowiki>*[http://google.com Google's website]</nowiki>

|

*[http://google.com Google's website]

|-

| style="background: lime" | Good

| [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|Footnotes]]

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Arthur Howard |authorlink=Arthur H. Robinson |date=1995 |origyear=1953 |title=Elements of Cartography |edition=6th |___location=New York |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |isbn=0471555797 |oclc=30976558}}</ref>{{rp|13}}

Another substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson" />{{rp|42}}

Substantiated claim from web site.<ref name="example web reference">{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org |title=Example |website=www.example.org |accessdate=5 September 2020}} Additional text about the link.</ref>

</syntaxhighlight>

|

Substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Arthur Howard |authorlink=Arthur H. Robinson |date=1995 |origyear=1953 |title=Elements of Cartography |edition=6th |___location=New York |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |isbn=0471555797 |oclc=30976558}}</ref>{{rp|13}}

<nowiki>Substantiated claim.<ref name="Perry"> Perry's Handbook, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill Co., 1984. </ref></nowiki><br /><br/>

<nowiki>Another substantiated claim.<ref name="Perry" /></nowiki><br /><br />

Another substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson" />{{rp|42}}

<nowiki>Substantiated claim from web site.<ref name="example web reference">[http://www.example.org Link text], additional text.</ref></nowiki>

Substantiated claim from web site.<ref name="example web reference">{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org |title=Example |website=www.example.org |accessdate=5 September 2020}} Additional text about the link.</ref>

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

===References===

<references/>

</syntaxhighlight>

or

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

==References==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

|

{{fake heading|sub=2|References}}

Substantiated claim.<ref name="Perry"> Perry's Handbook, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill Co., 1984. </ref><br /><br />

<references/>

Another substantiated claim.<ref name="Perry" /><br /><br />

Substantiated claim from web site.<ref name="example web reference">[http://www.example.org Link text], additional text.</ref>

| <nowiki><references/></nowiki>

| <references/>

|-

| style="background: lime" | Good

| [[Wikipedia:Harvard referencing|Harvard referencing]]

| [[Help:List-defined references|Footnotes with list-defined references]]

| <nowiki>Substantiated claim. (Adams 1903)</nowiki>

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

| Substantiated claim. (Adams 1903)

Substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson" />{{rp|13}}

| <nowiki>*Adams, Adam. ''The Nomen Dynasty in Eastern Europe'', Academia Press, 1903. ISBN 0000000001</nowiki>

|

Another substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson" />{{rp|42}}

*Adams, Adam. ''The Nomen Dynasty in Eastern Europe'', Academia Press, 1903. ISBN 0000000001

Substantiated claim from web site.<ref name="example web reference"/>

</syntaxhighlight>

|

Substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Arthur Howard |authorlink=Arthur H. Robinson |date=1995 |origyear=1953 |title=Elements of Cartography |edition=6th |___location=New York |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |isbn=0471555797 |oclc=30976558}}</ref>{{rp|13}}

Another substantiated claim.<ref name="Robinson" />{{rp|42}}

Substantiated claim from web site.<ref name="example web reference">{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org |title=Example |website=www.example.org |accessdate=5 September 2020}} Additional text about the link.</ref>

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

==References==

<references>

<ref name="Robinson">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Arthur Howard |authorlink=Arthur H. Robinson |date=1995 |origyear=1953 |title=Elements of Cartography |edition=6th |___location=New York |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |isbn=0471555797 |oclc=30976558}}</ref>

<ref name="example web reference">{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org |title=Example |website=www.example.org |accessdate=5 September 2020}} Additional text about the link.</ref>

</references>

</syntaxhighlight>

|

{{fake heading|sub=2|References}}

<references/>

|-

| style="background: lime" | Good

| [[Help:Shortened footnotes|Shortened footnotes]]

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">Substantiated claim.{{sfn|Harris|Sanborn|2014|p=13}}

Another substantiated claim.{{sfn|Harris|Sanborn|2014|p=42}}

Substantiated claim from web site.{{sfn|Example|2020}}</syntaxhighlight>

| Substantiated claim.{{sfn|Harris|Sanborn|2014|p=13}}

Another substantiated claim.{{sfn|Harris|Sanborn|2014|p=42}}

Substantiated claim from web site.{{sfn|Example|2020}}

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==References==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org |title=Example |website=www.example.org |accessdate=5 September 2020 |ref={{harvid|Example|2020}}}} Additional text about the link.

* {{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Richard Jackson |last2=Sanborn |first2=Fred W. |date=2014 |origyear=1994 |title=A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication |edition=6th |series=Routledge Communication Series |___location=New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9780415537049 |oclc=785869181}}

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

|

{{fake heading|sub=2|Notes}}

{{reflist}}

{{fake heading|sub=2|References}}

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org |title=Example |website=www.example.org |accessdate=5 September 2020 |ref={{harvid|Example|2020}}}} Additional text about the link.

* {{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Richard Jackson |last2=Sanborn |first2=Fred W. |date=2014 |origyear=1994 |title=A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication |edition=6th |series=Routledge Communication Series |___location=New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9780415537049 |oclc=785869181}}

{{refend}}

|-

| style="background: yellow" | Bad

| [[Wikipedia:Embedded citations|Embedded links]]

| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Substantiated claim.[https://www.loc.gov]

</syntaxhighlight>

| Substantiated claim.[https://www.loc.gov]

|<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

* [https://www.loc.gov Library of Congress website]

</syntaxhighlight>

|

* [https://www.loc.gov Library of Congress website]

|-

| style="background: red" | Ugly

| [[Template:Fact|Citation needed]]

|<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

| <nowiki>Unsubstantiated claim.{{fact}}</nowiki>

Unsubstantiated claim.{{fact}}

</syntaxhighlight>

| Unsubstantiated claim.{{fact}}

|

|

|}

== See also ==

* [[WikipediaHelp:ReferencingIntroduction forto beginnersreferencing]]

* [[Help:Introduction to referencing with VisualEditor]]

* [[Help:Footnotes]]

* [[Help:References and page numbers]]

* [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]]

* [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]]

* [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]]

* [[HelpTemplate:FootnotesEditor tools]]

{{Wikipedia referencing|state=expanded}}

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