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The most widely used video coding format {{as of|2019|lc=y}} is [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]].<ref name="Bitmovin">{{cite web |url=https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3411032/Bitmovin%20Magazine/Video%20Developer%20Report%202019/bitmovin-video-developer-report-2019.pdf |title=Video Developer Report 2019 |website=[[Bitmovin]] |year=2019 |access-date=November 5, 2019}}</ref> It was developed in 2003, and uses patents licensed from a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic, [[Godo kaisha|Godo Kaisha IP Bridge]] and [[LG Electronics]].<ref name="avc-patents"/> In contrast to the standard DCT used by its predecessors, AVC uses the [[Discrete cosine transform|integer DCT]].<ref name="Stankovic"/><ref name="Wang">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Hanli |last2=Kwong |first2=S. |last3=Kok |first3=C. |title=Efficient prediction algorithm of integer DCT coefficients for H.264/AVC optimization |journal=IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology |date=2006 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=547–552 |doi=10.1109/TCSVT.2006.871390|s2cid=2060937 }}</ref> H.264 is one of the video encoding standards for [[Blu-ray Disc]]s; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from [[YouTube]], [[Netflix]], [[Vimeo]], and the [[iTunes Store]], web software such as the [[Adobe Flash Player]] and [[Microsoft Silverlight]], and also various [[HDTV]] broadcasts over terrestrial ([[ATSC standards]], [[ISDB-T]], [[DVB-T]] or [[DVB-T2]]), cable ([[DVB-C]]), and satellite ([[DVB-S2]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of video and audio coding in DVB services delivered directly over IP|url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/102000_102099/102005/01.01.01_60/ts_102005v010101p.pdf}}</ref>
A main problem for many video coding formats has been [[patent]]s, making it expensive to use or potentially risking a patent lawsuit due to [[submarine patent]]s. The motivation behind many recently designed video coding formats such as [[Theora]], [[VP8]], and [[VP9]] have been to create a ([[Free software|libre]]) video coding standard covered only by royalty-free patents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.cisco.com/collaboration/world-meet-thor-a-project-to-hammer-out-a-royalty-free-video-codec|title = World, Meet Thor – a Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec|date = August 11, 2015}}</ref> Patent status has also been a major point of contention for the choice of which video formats the mainstream [[web browser]]s will support inside the [[
The current-generation video coding format is [[HEVC]] (H.265), introduced in 2013. AVC uses the integer DCT with 4x4 and 8x8 block sizes, and HEVC uses integer DCT and [[Discrete sine transform|DST]] transforms with varied block sizes between 4x4 and 32x32.<ref name="apple">{{cite web |last1=Thomson |first1=Gavin |last2=Shah |first2=Athar |title=Introducing HEIF and HEVC |url=https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/wwdc/2017/503i6plfvfi7o3222/503/503_introducing_heif_and_hevc.pdf |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |year=2017 |access-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref> HEVC is heavily patented, mostly by [[Samsung Electronics]], [[General Electric|GE]], [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]], and [[JVCKenwood]].<ref name="hevc-patents"/> It is challenged by the [[AV1]] format, intended for free license. {{As of|2019}}, AVC is by far the most commonly used format for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video developers, followed by HEVC which is used by 43% of developers.<ref name="Bitmovin"/>
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