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Changing short description from "Abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs" to "Abstraction of parallel computer architecture" (Shortdesc helper) |
Danbonachea (talk | contribs) Add Partitioned global address space models to the taxonomy |
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{{main|Message passing}}
In a message-passing model, parallel processes exchange data through passing messages to one another. These communications can be asynchronous, where a message can be sent before the receiver is ready, or synchronous, where the receiver must be ready. The [[Communicating sequential processes]] (CSP) formalisation of message passing uses synchronous communication channels to connect processes, and led to important languages such as [[Occam (programming language)|Occam]], [[Limbo (programming language)|Limbo]] and [[Go (programming language)|Go]]. In contrast, the [[actor model]] uses asynchronous message passing and has been employed in the design of languages such as [[D (programming language)|D]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]] and SALSA.
====Partitioned global address space====
{{main|Partitioned global address space}}
Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) models provide a middle ground between shared memory and message passing. PGAS provides a global memory address space abstraction that is logically partitioned, where a portion is local to each process. Parallel processes communicate by asynchronously performing operations (e.g. reads and writes) on the global address space, in a manner reminiscent of shared memory models. However by semantically partitioning the global address space into portions with affinity to a particular processes, they allow programmers to exploit [[locality of reference]] and enable efficient implementation on [[distributed memory]] parallel computers. PGAS is offered by many many parallel programming languages and libraries, such as [[Fortran 2008]], [[Chapel (programming language)|Chapel]], [http://upcxx.lbl.gov UPC++], and [[SHMEM]].
====Implicit interaction====
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| Data
| [[Cilk (programming language)|Cilk]], [[CUDA]], [[OpenMP]], [[Threading Building Blocks]], [[XMTC]]
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| [[SPMD]] [[Partitioned global address space|PGAS]]
| Partitioned global address space
| Data
| [[Fortran 2008]], [[Unified Parallel C]], [http://upcxx.lbl.gov UPC++], [[SHMEM]]
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| Global-view [[Task parallelism]]
| Partitioned global address space
| Task
| [[Chapel (programming language)|Chapel]], [[X10 (programming language)|X10]]
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