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m Added one more access specifier i.e. Internal which is present in many programming languages like (C#, Swift & Kotlin). Internal is also an access specifier that permits the access of data and operations only to files present in same package, assembly or module. |
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Data Abstraction is a design pattern in which data are visible only to semantically related functions, so as to prevent misuse. The success of data abstraction leads to frequent incorporation of [[Information hiding|data hiding]] as a design principle in object oriented and pure functional programming.
If a class does not allow calling code to access internal object data and permits access through methods only, this is a form of information hiding known as [[Abstraction (computer science)|abstraction]]. Some languages (Java, for example) let classes enforce access restrictions explicitly, for example denoting internal data with the <code>private</code> keyword and designating methods intended for use by code outside the class with the <code>public</code> keyword. Methods may also be designed public, private, or intermediate levels such as <code>protected</code> (which allows access from the same class and its subclasses, but not objects of a different class). In other languages (like Python) this is enforced only by convention (for example, <code>private</code> methods may have names that start with an [[underscore]]). In C#, Swift & Kotlin languages, <code>internal</code> keyword permits access only to files present in same assembly, package or module as that of the class.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-05 |title=What is Object Oriented Programming (OOP) In Simple Words? – Software Geek Bytes |url=https://softwaregeekbytes.com/object-oriented-programming-simple-words/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Encapsulation===
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