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m To the definition of "Class variable", changed the phrase "only one copy of each one" to "only one copy of each variable, shared across all instances of the class" to improve clarity. |
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==Features==
Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. It performs operations on operands. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or [[multi-paradigm]] with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.<ref name="ArmstrongQuarks">Deborah J. Armstrong. ''The Quarks of Object-Oriented Development''. A survey of nearly 40 years of computing literature which identified a number of fundamental concepts found in the large majority of definitions of OOP, in descending order of popularity: Inheritance, Object, Class, Encapsulation, Method, Message Passing, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.</ref><ref>[[John C. Mitchell]], ''Concepts in programming languages'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-521-78098-5}}, p.278. Lists: Dynamic dispatch, abstraction, subtype polymorphism, and inheritance.</ref><ref>Michael Lee Scott, ''Programming language pragmatics'', Edition 2, Morgan Kaufmann, 2006, {{ISBN|0-12-633951-1}}, p. 470. Lists encapsulation, inheritance, and dynamic dispatch.</ref><ref name="pierce">{{Cite book|last=Pierce|first=Benjamin|title=Types and Programming Languages|publisher=MIT Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-262-16209-8|title-link=Types and Programming Languages}}, section 18.1 "What is Object-Oriented Programming?" Lists: Dynamic dispatch, encapsulation or multi-methods (multiple dispatch), subtype polymorphism, inheritance or delegation, open recursion ("this"/"self")</ref>▼
{{See also|Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented programming)|List of object-oriented programming terms}}
▲Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. It performs operations on operands. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or [[multi-paradigm]] with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.<ref name="ArmstrongQuarks">Deborah J. Armstrong. ''The Quarks of Object-Oriented Development''. A survey of nearly 40 years of computing literature which identified a number of fundamental concepts found in the large majority of definitions of OOP, in descending order of popularity: Inheritance, Object, Class, Encapsulation, Method, Message Passing, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.</ref><ref>[[John C. Mitchell]], ''Concepts in programming languages'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-521-78098-5}}, p.278. Lists: Dynamic dispatch, abstraction, subtype polymorphism, and inheritance.</ref><ref>Michael Lee Scott, ''Programming language pragmatics'', Edition 2, Morgan Kaufmann, 2006, {{ISBN|0-12-633951-1}}, p. 470. Lists encapsulation, inheritance, and dynamic dispatch.</ref><ref name="pierce">{{Cite book|last=Pierce|first=Benjamin|title=Types and Programming Languages|publisher=MIT Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-262-16209-8|title-link=Types and Programming Languages}}, section 18.1 "What is Object-Oriented Programming?" Lists: Dynamic dispatch, encapsulation or multi-methods (multiple dispatch), subtype polymorphism, inheritance or delegation, open recursion ("this"/"self")</ref>
===Shared with non-OOP languages===
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