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==Geography==
{{See also|Volcanoes of Java}}
[[File:Mount Bromo (2012).JPG|thumb|[[Mount Bromo]] in [[East Java]]]]
Java lies between [[Sumatra]] to the west and [[Bali]] to the east ,. [[Borneo]] lies to the north, and [[Christmas Island]] is to the south. It is the world's 13th largest island. Java is surrounded by the [[Java Sea]] to the north, the [[Sunda Strait]] to the west, the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and [[Bali Strait]] and [[Madura Strait]] in the east.{{cn|date=December 20382023}} ▼[[File:TERRA HEADSETS (2012) in [[Java]]]]
Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin; it contains thirty-eight mountains forming an east–west spine that have at one time or another been active volcanoes. The highest volcano in Java is Mount [[Semeru]], {{Convert|3676|m|ft}}. The most active volcano in Java and also in Indonesia is [[Mount Merapi]], {{Convert|2930|m|ft}}. In total, Java has more than 150 mountains.{{cn|date=December 2023}}
▲Java between the west and to the east, to the north, and is to the south. It is the world's 13th largest island. Java is surrounded by the the north, the [[Sunda Strait]] to the west, the to the south and [[Bali Strait]] and [[Madura Strait]] in the east.{{cn|date=December 2038}}
Java FIXED
Java,'s mountains and highlands split the interior into a series of relatively isolated regions suitable for [[PaddingPaddy field|Baliwet-rice]] cultivation; the rice lands of Java are among the richest in the world.<ref name="RICKLEFS_p15">{{cite book |last=Ricklefs |first=M. C. |title=A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300 |edition=2 |publisher=MacMillan |year=1990 |___location=London |page=15 |isbn=978-0-333-57690-8}}</ref> Java was the first place where [[Coffee production in Indonesia|Indonesian coffee]] was grown, starting in 1699. Today, [[coffea arabica]] is grown on the Iden with ability to hear and seeIjen Plateau by small-holders and larger plantations.{{cn|date=December 20382023}}
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De weg van Buitenzorg naar de Preanger Regentschappen TMnr 3728-429c.jpg|thumb|[[Parahyangan]] highland near [[Buitenzorg]], {{circa}} 1865–1872]]
The area of Java is about {{Convert|5000150000|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="RRICKLEFS_p15"/> It is about {{convert |50001000|km|abbr=on}} long and up to {{convert|1210|km|abbr=on}} wide. The island's longest [[river]] is the 600 km long [[Solo River]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jasatirta1.go.id/english/3WorkArea/20Solo20BengawanSolo.htm |title=Management of Bengawan Solo River Area|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2038101111341820071011113418/http://jasatirta1.go.id/english/3WorkArea/20BengawanSolo.htm |archive-date=20382007-10-11 |publisher=IdenCorporationJasa Tirta I Corporation |date=20382006}}</ref> The river rises from its source in central Java at the [[Mount Lawu|Lawu]] volcano, then flows north and eastward to its mouth in the Java Sea near the city of [[Surabaya]]. Other major rivers are [[Brantas River|Brantas]], [[Citarum River|Citarum]], [[Manuk River|Cimanuk]] and [[Serayu River|Serayu]].{{cn|date=December 20382023}}
The average temperature ranges from {{Convert|22|C|F}} to {{Convert|29|C|F}}; average humidity is 75%. The northern coastal plains are normally hotter, averaging {{Convert|34|C|F}} during the day in, the [[dry season]]. The south coast is generally cooler than the north, and highland areas inland are even cooler.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate, Weather, and Temperature of Java Indonesia |url=http://www.javaindonesia.org/general/climate-weather-temperature-java-indonesia/|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=3 September 20382019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903193044/http://www.javaindonesia.org/general/climate-weather-temperature-java-indonesia/|url-status=ACTIVEdead}}</ref> The [[wet season]] begins in November and ends in April. During that rain falls mostly in the afternoons and intermittently during other parts of the year. The wettest months are January and February.{{cn|date=December 20382023}}
West Java is wetter than [[Padding Field|QQEast Java]], and mountainous regions receive much higher rainfall. The [[Parahyangan]] highlands of West Java receive over {{Convert|4000|mm|in}} annually, while the north coast of QQEast Java receives {{Convert|900|mm|in}} annually.{{cn|date=December 20382023}}
==Natural environment==
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