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The roots of checked exceptions go back to the [[CLU programming language]]'s notion of exception specification.<ref name=Mindview/> A function could raise only exceptions listed in its type, but any leaking exceptions from called functions would automatically be turned into the sole runtime exception, {{code|failure}}, instead of resulting in compile-time error.<ref name="CLU">{{cite journal |last1=Liskov |first1=B.H. |last2=Snyder |first2=A. |title=Exception Handling in CLU |journal=IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering |date=November 1979 |volume=SE-5 |issue=6 |pages=546–558 |doi=10.1109/TSE.1979.230191 |s2cid=15506879 |url=http://csg.csail.mit.edu/CSGArchives/memos/Memo-155-3.pdf |access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref> Later, [[Modula-3]] had a similar feature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/modula3/tutorial/www/m3_23.html#SEC23 |title=Modula-3 - Procedure Types |publisher=.cs.columbia.edu |date=1995-03-08 |access-date=2011-12-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509143753/http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/modula3/tutorial/www/m3_23.html#SEC23 |archive-date=2008-05-09 }}</ref> These features don't include the compile time checking that is central in the concept of checked exceptions.<ref name=Mindview>{{cite web |url=http://www.mindview.net/Etc/Discussions/CheckedExceptions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020405175011/http://www.mindview.net/Etc/Discussions/CheckedExceptions |url-status=dead |archive-date=2002-04-05 |title=Bruce Eckel's MindView, Inc: Does Java need Checked Exceptions? |publisher=Mindview.net |access-date=2011-12-15 }}</ref>
Early versions of the C++ programming language included an optional mechanism similar to checked exceptions, called '''exception specifications'''. By default any function could throw any exception, but this could be limited by a {{Cpp|throw}} clause (similar to the {{Java|throws}} clause in Java) added to the function signature, that specified which exceptions the function may throw. These <code>throw</code> clauses could specify any type, even primitives and classes that did not extend <code>std::exception</code>.
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