Music ownership databases: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:25, 7 December 2017

Revision as of 14:31, 7 December 2017

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== Earlier attempts ==

===International Music Joint Venture===

The International Music Joint Venture (IMJV) started in 1998. It was the first joint partnership to create a database between multiple different [[Collective rights management|collective management organizations]] (CMOs). [[BUMA/STEMRA]] (Holland), [[PRS for Music|PRS]] (UK) and [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP]] (USA) were the founders<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kefalas|first1=Andreas|title=The Relevance of Traditional Collective Management Organisations in the Digital Age|journal=University of Agder Master Thesis|date=2017|accessdate=7 December 2017}}</ref>. The database was supposed to be created using the [[metadata]] store on [[Utrecht]] and [[London]] computers. IMJV invited many CMOs like [[Sociedad General de Autores y Editores|SGAE]] (Spain)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Llewellyn|first1=Howell|title=SGAE Pledges to Work with IMJV|accessdate=7 December 2017|agency=Billboard|date=April 17, 1999}}</ref>, [[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]] (USA) and [[Harry Fox Agency]], but for one reason or another many organizations did not join. Problems started to rise because IMJV was a way for STEMRA to move around employees they could not fire because of the laws in Holland at the time. When IMJV invited [[GEMA (German organization)|GEMA]] (Germany), they refused because they would have to fire their staff because the deal required STEMRA staff to take their place. Smaller CMOs started to believe that they would become redundant if IMJV launched. The larger CMOs who had already joined became reluctant to reduce their status and profitability by releasing the information for their repertoire<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hardy|first1=Phil|title=Nickels and Dimes: Music Publishing and How It Works|date=2013|publisher=A Division of Music Sales Limited|___location=14-15 Berners Street, London|isbn=978-85712-877-5|accessdate=7 December 2017}}</ref>. In late 2001, the initiative dissolved without a single operating office<ref>{{cite journal|title=IMJV Dissolved - SOCAN Remains Committed to State-of-the-Art Technology Development|journal=Words and Music|date=2002|volume=Vol. 9|issue=No. 2|pages=24|accessdate=7 December 2017}}</ref>. At its peak, IMJV represented 21% of the world’s music.

===International Music Registry===

In 2011, the International Music Registry (IMR) launched. This was a database headed by the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rethink Music|title=Transparency and Payment Flows in the Music Industry|pages=21-25|url=https://www.berklee.edu/sites/default/files/Fair%20Music%20-%20Transparency%20and%20Payment%20Flows%20in%20the%20Music%20Industry.pdf|accessdate=7 December 2017}}</ref>. IMR was a database not only for composition but also for recordings. [[Google]] agreed to fund WIPO early on, but WIPO broke their partnership after they thought the alliance would give Google too much power. Instead, WIPO tried to fund the project themselves. In-fighting among the different powerhouses like [[Record label| record labels]] and [[Music publisher|publishing houses]] caused the IMR to collapse<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hardy|first1=Phil|title=Nickels and Dimes: Music Publishing and How It Works|date=2013|publisher=A Division of Music Sales Limited|___location=14-15 Berners Street, London|isbn=978-85712-877-5|accessdate=7 December 2017}}</ref>.