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= Ensemble Coding =
Ensemble coding, also known as ensemble perception or summary representation, is the ability to see the average or variance of a group of objects. This is often referred to as taking summary statistical information. Put simply, it is a theory that suggests that people process the general gist of their complex visual surroundings by grouping them together based on their similarities. People are able to extract the gist of ensembles across various dimensions because the visual world is filled with redundant information. <ref name=":0" /> Extant literature has shown that the visual system is particularly sensitive to similarities and organization that occurs naturally in our visual world.<ref>Whitney D, Haberman J, Sweeny T. 2014. From textures to crowds: multiple levels of summary statistical
perception. In The New Visual Neuroscience, ed. JS Werner, LM Chalupa, pp. 695–710. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press</ref>
<ref>{{Citation|last=Haberman|first=Jason|title=Ensemble Perception|date=2012-05-24|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.001.0001/acprof-9780199734337-chapter-30|work=From Perception to Consciousness|pages=339–349|editor-last=Wolfe|editor-first=Jeremy|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.003.0030|isbn=978-0-19-973433-7|access-date=2019-11-24|last2=Whitney|first2=David|editor2-last=Robertson|editor2-first=Lynn}}</ref>
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== Opposing Theories ==
Counter to the idea that people get a general gist of our visual surroundings by way of summary statistics. Some research in vision science has noted that although humans take in large amounts of visual information, adults are only able to process, attend to, and hold in memory up to about four items from the visual environment. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alvarez|first=G.A.|last2=Cavanagh|first2=P.|date=2004-02|title=The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x|journal=Psychological Science|language=en-US|volume=15|issue=2|pages=106–111|doi=10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x|issn=0956-7976}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Luck|first=Steven J.|last2=Vogel|first2=Edward K.|date=1997-11|title=The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/36846|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=390|issue=6657|pages=279–281|doi=10.1038/36846|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
== Historical Context ==
Gestalt Theorists
Ensemble coding is a theory that was established by vision scientists, but is now used by various disciplines. Vision Scientists have expressed interest in how people perceive groups of objects for quite some time. This interest has developed from low-level perceptual processes to high-level perceptual processes spanning multiple disciplines.
== The Current Era ==
Ariely 2001 <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ariely|first=Dan|date=2001|title=Seeing Sets: Representation by Statistical Properties|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40063604|journal=Psychological Science|volume=12|issue=2|pages=157–162|issn=0956-7976}}</ref>
== Levels of Ensemble Coding ==
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