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In computational mechanics and statistical mechanics, a radial distribution function (RDF), g(r), describes how the density of surrounding matter varies as a function of the distance from a distinguished point. This is normalized by the average density such that the function goes to 1 far from the distinguished point when the medium is even slightly disordered. Locating our distinguished point at the center of a hard-core particle with radius σ, g(r) = 0 for r < σ.
Given a potential energy function, the radial distribution function can be found via sampling.
What makes the RDF important is that for certain systems it can be used to calculate most thermodynamically interesting quantities, such as the average energy U or entropy S.
--Frobnitzem 19:41, 25 July 2006 (UTC) David Rogers
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