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{{about|the medieval emperor|the early modern philosopher|Zera Yacob (philosopher)|the current crown prince|Zera Yacob Amha Selassie|Constantine II|Eskender}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Short description|Emperor of Ethiopia from 1434 to 1468}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Zara Yaqob<br />{{langn|gez|ዓፄ ዘርዐ ያዕቆብ}}
| title = [[Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles#Negusa Nagast|Negusa Nagast]]
| succession = [[Emperor of Ethiopia]]
| image =
| image_size = 250px
| caption = 17th century Ethiopian portrait of Zara Yacob's coronation
| religion = [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church]]
| reign = 1434 – 26 August 1468<!--
(19 or 20 June<nowiki><ref>Getachew Haile, "A Preliminary Investigation of the "Tomara Tesse't" of Emperor Zar'a Ya'eqob</nowiki></s> of Ethiopia<s>" in <nowiki>''</nowiki>Bulletin of the School of Oriental</s> and <s>African</s> <s>Studies, University</s> of <s>London<nowiki>''</nowiki>, Vol. 43, no. 2 (1980), p. 210. The beginning of what Getachew Haile believes is</s> the <s>"Ṭomarä Tesbe't" states that he was crowned on 26 Sené (20 June), while a contemporary</s> [[<s>Stephanites|Stephanite</s>]] <s>writer</s> <s>ascribes</s> <s>a date of 25 Sené (19 June). Getachew Haile explains this discrepancy by suggesting that the ceremony lasted two days.<nowiki></ref></nowiki> 1434<nowiki>&</nowiki>ndash;1468) -->
<!-- this seems to be a mistake because why would a ceremony affect the beginning of reign in 1434. maybe 19 or 20 June is referring to the coronation in 1436 -->| coronation = 1436
| predecessor = [[Amda Iyasus]]
| successor = [[Baeda Maryam I]]
| spouse = {{ubl
| [[Eleni of Ethiopia|Eleni]]
| Seyon Morgasa
}}
| dynasty = [[Solomonic dynasty|House of Solomon]]
| regnal name = Kwestantinos I
| father = [[Dawit I]]
| mother = 'Egzi'e Kebra<ref name="Budge-304">{{harvnb|Budge|1928|p=304|ps=.}}</ref>
| issue = {{ubl
| [[Baeda Maryam I]]
| Galawdewos<ref name="Budge-305">{{cite book|title=A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1)|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499166/mode/2up|first=E. A. Wallis|last=Budge|publisher=Methuen |___location=London|year=1928|page=305}}</ref>
| Amda Maryam<ref name="Budge-305"/>
| Zar'a Abraham<ref name="Budge-305"/>
| Batra Seyon<ref name="Budge-305"/>
| |Del Samera<ref name="Budge-305"/>
| Rom Ganayala<ref name="Budge-305"/>
| Adal Mangesha<ref name="Budge-305"/>
| Berhan Zamada<ref name="Budge-307">{{harvnb|Budge|1928|p=307|ps=.}}</ref>
}}
| birth_date = 1399
| birth_place = Telq, [[Fatagar]], [[Ethiopian Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1468|8|26|1399|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Debre Berhan]], Ethiopian Empire
}}
{{Contains special characters|Ethiopic}}
'''Zara Yaqob''' ({{langx|gez|ዘርዐ ያዕቆብ}};{{efn|Literally 'Seed of Jacob'}} 1399 – 26 August 1468) was [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], and a member of the [[Solomonic dynasty]] who ruled under the [[regnal name]] '''Constantine I''' ([[Ge’ez]]: ቈስታንቲኖስ, ''ḳʷästantinos''; [[Amharic]]: ቆስጠንጢኖስ, ''ḳosṭänṭinos''). He is known for the [[Geʽez]] literature that flourished during his reign, the handling of both internal [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Christian]] affairs and external wars with Muslims, and the founding of [[Debre Birhan]] as his capital. He reigned for 34 years and 2 months (r. 1434-1468).<ref name="Budge-304"/>
The British historian [[Edward Ullendorff]] stated that Zara Yaqob "was unquestionably the greatest ruler Ethiopia had seen since [[Ezana of Axum|Ezana]], during the heyday of [[Axumite Kingdom|Aksumite]] power, and none of his successors on the throne – excepted only the emperors [[Menelik II]] and [[Haile Selassie]] – can be compared to him."{{sfn|Ullendorff|1965|p=69}}
== Early life ==
Born at Telq in the province of [[Fatagar]], Zara Yaqob hailed from the [[Amhara people]]. He was the youngest son of Emperor [[Dawit I]] by his wife, Igzi Kebra. His mother Igzi lost her first son, and, having been sick during her second pregnancy, prayed fervently to the [[Virgin Mary]] to keep her new child alive. She later gave birth to Zara Yaqob, who later recorded this as a miracle in the Ta'ammara Maryam, one of Zara Yaqob's chronicles written in [[Amharic]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Uhlig |editor-first1=Siegbert |editor-last2=Bausi |editor-first2=Alessandro |editor-last3=Yimam |editor-first3=Baye |date=2003 |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha |publisher=Harrassowitz |___location=Wiesbaden |page=247 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFhyAAAAMAAJ |access-date= |isbn=9783447052382 |issn= |oclc= |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308201741/https://books.google.com/books?id=oFhyAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Danver |first=Steven L |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16 |title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317464006 |___location= |page=15-16 |author-link= |access-date=1 June 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308201738/https://books.google.com/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Paul B. Henze repeats the tradition that the jealousy of his older brother Emperor [[Tewodros I]] forced the courtiers to take Zara Yaqob to [[Tigray Province|Tigray]] where he was brought up in secret, and educated in Axum and at the monastery of [[Debre Abbay]].{{sfn|Henze|2000|p=68}} While admitting that this tradition "is invaluable as providing a religious background for Zara Yaqob's career", Taddesse Tamrat dismisses this story as "very improbable in its details". The professor notes that Zara Yaqob wrote in his ''Mashafa Berhan'' that "he was brought down from the royal prison of [[Amba Geshen|Mount Gishan]] only on the eve of his accession to the throne."{{sfn|Taddesse Tamrat|1972|p=222}}
Upon the death of Emperor Dawit, his older brother [[Tewodros I|Tewodros]] ordered Zara Yaqob confined on Amba Geshen (around 1414). Despite this, Zara Yaqob's supporters kept him a perennial candidate for Emperor, helped by the rapid succession of his older brothers to the throne over the next 20 years, which left him as the oldest qualified candidate.{{sfn|Taddesse Tamrat|1972|pp=278–283}} David Buxton points out the effect that his forced seclusion had on his personality, "deprived of all contact with ordinary people or ordinary life." Thrust into a position of leadership "with no experience of the affairs of state, [Zara Yaqob] was faced by a kingdom seething with plots and rebellions, a Church riven with heresies, and outside enemies constantly threatening invasion." Buxton continues,
:In the circumstances it was hardly possible for the new king to show adaptability or tolerance or diplomatic skill, which are the fruit of long experience in human relationships. Confronted with a desperate and chaotic situation he met it instead with grim determination and implacable ferocity. Towards the end of his life, forfeiting the affection and loyalty even of his courtiers and family he became a lonely figure, isolated by suspicion and mistrust. But, in spite of all, the name of this great defender of the faith is one of the most memorable in Ethiopian history.{{sfn|Buxon|1970|pp=48ff}}
== Reign ==
===Accession to the throne===
Although he became Emperor in 1434, Zara Yaqob was not crowned until 1436 at [[Axum]], where he resided for three years.{{sfn|Taddesse Tamrat|1972|p=229}}
===In church affairs===
During his first years on the throne, Zara Yaqob launched a strong campaign against survivals of pagan worship and "un-Christian practices" within the church. According to a manuscript written in 1784, he appointed spies to search and "smell out" heretics who admitted to worshipping pagan gods such as Dasek, Dail, Guidale, Tafanat, Dino and Makuawze.<ref name="Budge-305"/> These heretics were decapitated in public.<ref name="Budge-305"/> The spies also revealed that his sons Galawdewos, Amda Maryam, Zar'a Abraham and Batra Seyon, and his daughters Del Samera, Rom Ganayala and Adal Mangesha were heretics and thus they were all executed as a result.<ref name="Budge-305"/> He then issued a royal edit ordering every Christian to bear on his forehead a fillet inscribed "Belonging to the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit." And fillets had to be worn on the arms, that on the right being inscribed "I deny the Devil in [the name of] Christ God," and that on the left, "I deny the Devil, the accursed. I am the servant of Mary, the mother of the Creator of all the world." Any man who disobeyed the edict had his property looted and was either beaten or executed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=A. Wallace Budge |first=E. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499166/page/n392/mode/1up |title=History Of Ethiopia Nubia And Abyssinia |publisher=Methuen & co. |year=1828 |volume=1 |pages=300}}</ref>
The [[Orthodox Tewahedo|Ethiopian Church]] had been divided over the issue of [[Biblical Sabbath]] observance for roughly a century. One group, which was loyal to the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]], believed that the day of rest should be observed only on [[Sunday]], or [[Sunday Sabbath|Great Sabbath]]. Another group, the followers of [[Ewostatewos]], believed with its founder that both the original seventh-day Sabbath ([[Saturday]], or Lesser Sabbath) and Sunday should be observed. Zara Yaqob was successful in persuading two recently-arrived Egyptian [[Abuna]], [[Mikael of Ethiopia|Mikael]] and [[Gabriel of Ethiopia|Gabriel]], into accepting a compromise aimed at restoring harmony with the House of Ewostatewos, as the followers of Ewostatewos were known. At the same time, he made efforts to pacify the House of Ewostatewos. While the Ewostathians were won over to the compromise by 1442, the two Abuns agreed to the compromise only at the Council of Debre Mitmaq in Tegulet (1450).{{sfn|Taddesse Tamrat|1972|p=230}}
===Hadiya rebellion===
''[[Garad]]'' Mahiko, the son of the [[Hadiya Sultanate|Hadiya]] ruler ''Garad'' Mehmad, refused to submit to Abyssinia. However, with the help of one of Mahiko's followers, the Garad was deposed in favor of his uncle Bamo. Garad Mahiko then sought sanctuary at the court of the [[Adal Sultanate]]. He was later slain by the military contingent "Adal Mabrak," who had been in pursuit. The chronicles record that the "Adal Mabrak" sent Mahiko's head and limbs to Zara Yaqob as proof of his death.<ref>Pankhurst, ''Ethiopian Borderlands'', pp. 143f</ref> Zara Yaqob invaded [[Hadiya Sultanate|Hadiya]] after they failed to pay the annual tribute exacted upon them by the [[Ethiopian Empire]], and married its princess [[Eleni of Ethiopia|Eleni]], who was baptized before their marriage.{{sfn|Hassen|1983|p=22}} Eleni was the daughter of the former king of the [[Hadiya Kingdom]] (one of the Muslim [[Highland East Cushitic|Sidamo]] kingdoms south of the [[Abay River]]), ''Garad'' Mehamed.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/42731322|jstor = 42731322|last1 = Braukämper|first1 = Ulrich|title = Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)|journal = Ethiopianist Notes|year = 1977|volume = 1|issue = 2|pages = 1–43|access-date = 7 June 2022|archive-date = 11 June 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220611101936/https://www.jstor.org/stable/42731322|url-status = live}}</ref> Although she failed to bear him any children, Eleni grew into a powerful political person. When a conspiracy involving one of his [[Bitwoded]]s came to light, Zara Yaqob reacted by appointing his two daughters, Medhan Zamada and Berhan Zamada, to these two offices. According to the Chronicle of his reign, the Emperor also appointed his daughters and nieces as governors over eight of his provinces. These appointments were not successful.{{sfn|Pankhurst|1967|p=32}}
===War with Adal===
After hearing about the demolition of the Egyptian Debre Mitmaq monastery, he ordered a period of national mourning and built a church of the same name in [[Termaber|Tegulet]]. He then sent a letter of strong protest to the Egyptian Sultan, [[Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq]]. He reminded Jaqmaq that he had Muslim subjects whom he treated fairly, and warned that he had the power to divert the [[Nile]], but refrained from doing so for the human suffering it would cause. Jaqmaq responded with gifts to appease Zara Yaqob's anger, but refused to rebuild the Coptic churches he had destroyed.{{sfn|Taddesse Tamrat|1972|pp=262–3}} The Sultan would then encourage the [[Adal Sultanate]] to invade the province of [[Dawaro]] to distract the Emperor, but Zara Yaqob managed to defeat [[Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din|Badlay ad-Din]], the Sultan of [[Adal Sultanate|Adal]] at the [[Battle of Gomit]] in 1445, which consolidated his hold over the Sidamo kingdoms in the south, as well as the weak Muslim kingdoms beyond the Awash River.{{efn|His war against Badlay is described in the ''Royal Chronicles'' {{harv|Pankhurst|1967|pp=36–38}}.}}{{sfn|Henze|2000|p=67}} According to [[Somalia|Somali]] historian [[Mohamed Haji Mukhtar]] the Adalite sultan [[Muhammad ibn Badlay]], son of the slain sultan, conceded an annual tribute to the Ethiopian emperor Zara Yaqob in the same year.<ref>Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. United States: Scarecrow Press, 2003, xxvii[https://books.google.com.et/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=historical+dictionary+of+Somalia&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPyMLQ28qKAxXFBdsEHSj8CpwQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=1445&f=false]</ref>
===Northern campaigns===
Similar campaigns in the north against the [[Agaw]] and the [[Falasha]] were not as successful. He then established himself at [[Hamassien]] and [[Serae]] to strengthen the imperial presence in the area, he settled a group of warriors from [[Shewa]] in [[Hamassien]] as military settlers. These settlers were believed to have the terrified the local population and it is said that the earth "trembled at their arrival" and the inhabitants "fled the country in fear". It is during this time that the title of the coastal regions' ruler, ''[[Bahr Negash]]'', first appears in records and according to [[Richard Pankhurst (historian)|Richard Pankhurst]] the office was likely introduced by Zara Yaqob.{{sfn|Pankhurst|1967|p=101}} Near the end of his reign, in 1464/1465, Zara Yaqob also pillaged [[Massawa]] and the [[Dahlak archipelago]] with the [[Sultanate of Dahlak]] being forced to pay tribute to the [[Ethiopian Empire]].{{sfn|Connel|Killion|2011|p=160}}
===Building palaces and churches===
After observing a bright light in the sky (which most historians have identified as [[Halley's Comet]], visible in Ethiopia in 1456), and believing it to be a sign from God, indicating His approval of the execution by stoning of a group of heretics 38 days earlier, Zara Yaqob established [[Debre Berhan]] as his capital for the duration of his reign. He ordered a church built on the site, and later constructed an extensive palace nearby, and a second church, dedicated to [[Saint Cyriacus]].{{efn|The founding of Debre Berhan is described in the ''Royal Chronicles'' {{harv|Pankhurst|1967|pp=36–38}}.}} He later returned to his native village of [[Telq]] in the province of [[Fatager]] and built a church dedicated to [[Michael (archangel)|Saint Michael]]. He then built two more churches, Martula Mikael and 'Asada Mikael, before returning to [[Debre Berhan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=A. Wallace Budge |first=E. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499166/page/n392/mode/1up |title=History Of Ethiopia Nubia And Abyssinia |publisher=Methuen & co. |year=1828 |volume=1 |pages=300}}</ref>
In the sixteenth century Adal leader [[Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] ordered the destruction of his former palace in [[Debre Birhan]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Dabra Birhan |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/da-bra-birhan-(%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8-%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%88%83%E1%8A%95) |access-date=19 August 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308201746/https://en.sewasew.com/p/da-bra-birhan-%28%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8-%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%88%83%E1%8A%95%29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Later years===
In his later years, Zara Yaqob became more despotic. When Takla Hawariat, abbot of [[Dabra Libanos]], criticized Yaqob's beatings and murder of men, the emperor had the abbot himself beaten and imprisoned, where he died after a few months. Zara Yaqob was convinced of a plot against him in 1453, which led to more brutal actions. He increasingly became convinced that his wife and children were plotting against him, and had several of them beaten. Seyon Morgasa, the mother of the future emperor [[Baeda Maryam I]], died from this mistreatment in 1462, which led to a complete break between son and father. Eventually relations between the two were repaired, and Zara Yaqob publicly designated Baeda Maryam as his successor.
===Works of literature===
According to [[Richard Pankhurst (Ethiopianist)|Richard Pankhurst]], Zara Yaqob was also "reputedly an author of renown", having contributed to [[Ethiopian literature]] as many as three important theological works. One was ''Mashafa Berhan'' "The Book of Light", an exposition of his ecclesiastical reforms and a defence of his religious beliefs; the others were ''Mashafa Milad'' "The Book of Nativity" and ''Mashafa Selassie'' "The Book of the Trinity".{{sfn|Pankhurst|2001|p=85}} [[Edward Ullendorff]], however, attributes to him only the ''Mashafa Berha'' and ''Mashafa Milad''.{{sfn|Ullendorff|1965|p=69}}
== Foreign affairs ==
[[File:Zara Yaqob Letter.jpg|thumb|Zara Yaqob's letter written in the [[Geʽez script]] at the [[Vatican Library]]]]
Zara Yaqob sent delegates to the [[Council of Florence]] in 1441, and established ties with the [[Holy See]] and [[Western Christianity]].{{sfn|Selassie|1977}} They were confused when council prelates insisted on calling their monarch [[Prester John]]. They tried to explain that nowhere in Zara Yaqob's list of regnal names did that title occur. However, the delegates' admonitions did little to stop Europeans from referring to the monarch as their mythical Christian king, Prester John.{{sfn|Silverberg|1996|p=189}}
He also sent a [[diplomacy|diplomatic mission]] to Europe (1450), asking for artisans. The mission was led by a Sicilian, Pietro Rombulo, who had previously been successful in a mission to India. Rombulo first visited [[Pope Nicholas V]], but his ultimate goal was the court of [[Alfonso V of Aragon]], who responded favorably.{{sfn|Taddesse Tamrat|1972|p=264ff}} Alfonso signed a letter addressed to “Zere Jacobo, son of David of the house of Solomon, Ethiopian Emperor, our very dear friend and brother” and dated 18 September 1450. Alfonso pledged to fulfill Zara Yaqob's request by sending skilled artisans back to Ethiopia. He lamented the earlier loss of "thirteen men, masters in different arts," who had died on their journey after being dispatched at the request of Zara Yaqob’s predecessor [[Yeshaq I|Yeshaq]] in 1427.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Salvadore |first=Matteo |date=2010 |title=The Ethiopian Age of Exploration: Prester John's Discovery of Europe, 1306–1458 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/413985/summary |journal=Journal of World History |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=593–627 |issn=1527-8050}}</ref> Two letters for Ethiopians in the [[Holy Land]] (from [[Amda Seyon]] and Zara Yaqob) survive in the [[Vatican library]], referring to "the kings Ethiopia."
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|20em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin|35em}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Abyssinians |last=Buxon |first=David |year=1970 |publisher=Praeger |___location=New York |pages=48ff}}
*{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea |last1=Connel |first1=Dan |last2=Killion |first2=Tom |year=2011 |publisher=The Scarecrow |isbn=978-081085952-4}}
*{{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. thesis |title=The Oromo of Ethiopia, 1500–1850: with special emphasis on the Gibe region |last=Hassen |first=Mohammed |year=1983 |publisher=University of London |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf |page=22 |access-date=25 March 2020 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213003344/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf |url-status=live}}
*{{Cite book |title=Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia |last=Henze |first=Paul B. |year=2000 |publisher=Palgrave |___location=New York |page=68 |isbn=1-85065-522-7}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Ethiopians: A History |last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=2001 |publisher=Blackwell |___location=Oxford |page=85}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles |last=Pankhurst |first=Richard K. P. |year=1967 |publisher=Oxford University Press |___location=Addis Ababa |page=32}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Zare'a Ya'eqob, c. 1399 to 1468, Orthodox, Ethiopia |last=Selassie |first=Tsehai Berhane |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography |editor-last=Ofosu-Appiah |editor-first=L. H. |publisher=Reference Publications |___location=New York |via=Dictionary of African Christian Biography |url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/zarea_yaeqob.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806234930/http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/zarea_yaeqob.html |date=1977 |archive-date=6 August 2016}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Realm of Prester John |edition=paperback |last=Silverberg |first=Robert |year=1996 |author-link=Robert Silverberg |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |page=189 |isbn=1-84212-409-9}}
*{{Cite book |title=Church and State in Ethiopia |last=Tamrat |first=Taddesse |year=1972 |publisher=Clarendon Press |___location=Oxford |page=222 |isbn=0-19-821671-8 |ref={{harvid|Taddesse Tamrat|1972}}}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Ethiopians: An Introduction to the Country and People |edition=second |last=Ullendorff |first=Edward |orig-year=1960 |year=1965 |author-link=Edward Ullendorff |publisher=Oxford University Press |___location=London |page=69 |oclc=174435 |isbn=}}
{{refend}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |chapter=Crusading threats? Ethiopian-Egyptian relations in the 1440s |last=Krebs |first=Verena |year=2019 |title=Croisades en Afriqe |publisher=Presses universitaires du Midi |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/39048155 |pages=245–274 |isbn=978-281070557-3 |ref=none |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308201752/https://www.academia.edu/39048155 |url-status=live}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* [http://tezeta.org/16/the-chronicle-of-the-emperor-zara-yaqob-1434-1468 ''The Chronicle of the Emperor Zara Yaqob'', translated by Richard Pankhurst] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060224211057/http://tezeta.org/16/the-chronicle-of-the-emperor-zara-yaqob-1434-1468 Archive.org mirror]
{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Amda Iyasus]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Emperor of Ethiopia]]|years=1434–1468}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Baeda Maryam I]]}}
{{end}}
{{good article}}
{{Emperors of Ethiopia}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1399 births]]
[[Category:1468 deaths]]
[[Category:15th-century emperors of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:Solomonic dynasty]]
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