This article is about the Ottoman rule of Armenia or Ottoman Armenia, which beginning with the rule of Selim II (May 28, 1524 – December 12, 1574) becomes the integral part of the Ottoman Empire. However the initial accession begins with Mehmed II, whom also offered the Ottoman support to initiate Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople in Constantinople. This rule continued 300 years till the following the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829, when the Eastern Armenia of this territory was ceded to the Russian Empire. The remaining Ottoman Armenia, till WWI, under Ottoman Rule was also referred to as Western Armenia.
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Religion
There also exists List of Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople.
Culture
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Armenian-Woman -
Armenian & Turkish Retailers
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Architects
History
This section summarizes the life of Armenians under Ottoman rule beginning from 1453 to 1829. When Eastern Armenia became part of the Russian Empire after the Russo-Turkish War.
Armenians preserved their culture, history and language regardless of Ottoman oppression, largely thanks to their distinct religious identity different from the neighbouring Kurds and Turks. After many centuries of Turkish occupation, the centres with a high concentration of Armenians lost their geographic continuity (parts of Van, Bitlis, and Kharput vilayets), because over the years, pockets of Kurds and Turks infiltrated into traditionally Armenian land. Regardless of Ottoman rule and an increasingly strong presence of Muslims, Armenians continued to be the majority group in Western Armenia well into the 19th century. They kept and defended factual autonomy in certain isolated areas like Sassoun, Shatakh, and parts of Dersim. An Armenian stronghold and a symbol of factual Armenian autonomy, Zeitoun (Ulnia) was located between the Six Vilayets and Cilicia, which also had a strong Armenian presence ever since the creation of the Pricipality (and then Kingdom) of Lesser Armenia. However, due to Ottoman interference and genocide, the autonomous areas were disintegrated.
There were also significant communities in parts of Trabzon and Ankara vilayets bordering Six Vilayets (like in Kayseri (Gessaria)). Many Armenians settled in Western Anatolia, in the traditionally Greek cities of Constantinople and Smyrna. The Sultan promoted Armenian migration whithin the borders of the empire in order to reduce the native Armenian population of historic Armenia, and reduce the Greek majority population of Western Anatolia by adding non-Greeks.
Western Armenia had lost its Armenian majority during the Armenian Genocide of WWI.
Most Western Armenians died during the genocide of 1915 (1.5 million out of a pre-war population of approximately 2 million or more). However, many escaped to the Middle East and Balkans, and eventually became organized communities with certain degrees of political influence in their host countries. Many also moved to Europe and North America to find better living conditions. During these migrations, most Western Armenians preserved their culture due to their life being traditionally revolved around the Armenian church and adjacent community centres. However, some Armenians distanced themselves from the community and became assimilated.
Timeline
- 1461 Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople established
- 1478 Armenian migration to Bruges, Belgium
- 1489-1588 Sinan, greatest architect of Ottoman Empire
- 1512 Printing of first Armenian books
- 1519 Decree of King Sigismund I that Armenians in Poland by governed under code of laws by Mkhitar Gosh
- 1547-1575 Secret Church meetings to seek ways to help Armenia
- 1555 Ottoman-Persian partition of Armenia
- 1567 Establishment of Armenian printing press in Constantinople
- 1637-1695 Eremia Kiumurjian, historian, poet, musician
- 1648 Major earthquake in Van
- 1712-1795 Sayat Nova, renowned Armenian poet troubadour
- 1759 Arrival of Hovsep Emin in Armenia
- 1778 Establishment of Nor Nakhichevan
- 1809-1848 Khachatur Abovian, novelist poet, playwright
- 1810,1818 Zeitountsi revolts
- 1811 Mkhitarist order of Vienna founded
- 1813 Treaty of Gulistan
- 1824 Founding of Nersessian Academy in Tiflis
- 1826-1858 Nickolas Balian, architect in Constantinople
- 1827 Occupation of Yerevan by Russian forces
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmanchay awards Nakhichevan and area around Erevan to Russia, strengthening Russian control of Transcaucasus and beginning period of modernization and security.
- See: Eastern Armenia
- this timeline continuous for Western Armenia.
- 1915 Armenian Genocide
See
- Ottoman Armenia:
- Greater Armenia:
- Lesser Armenia (Cilicia)
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