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This is relative to the models coordinate system and the vector components of the wind. If you compare VLML with TAUY, you will find them positively correlated. The meridional component (V wind) is positive to the north, and the TAUY is also positive for positive V near the surface. It comes down to...

TAUY is defined as the northward stress in the File Specification Document, So TAUY is positive northward. You can find the File Specification Document, and many other useful documents here: https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/docs/

Thanks for your interest in MERRA-2. The MERRA-2 system (actually all GMAO systems) do not extrapolate profiles to where P > Ps, except a few quantities for thickness calculations. So yes, it is implicit.

The tavg data is centered on the reporting time and average of all time steps within the time window, and instantaneous is the data of the time step at the reporting time. It's probably not surprising that they correlate very high. The environment would need to change rapidly within an hour at many ...

surface pressure increases and decreases with the weather, so around the edge of mountains, those changes will lead to more or less grid points undefined (underground).

Please see the MERRA-2 FAQ https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/FAQ/ number 10. Meteorology is not extrapolated to grid points for pressure levels greater than the surface pressure (under ground).

Just in case it matters, this request for data was sent only a day after the internal QC checks were passed. It does take a little time to ship and process the data to the GES DISC. Given the short period in time, could this error just be the lag in getting data approved for release? In that case, a...

The 2m data is computed from a Monin-Obukov type surface layer parameterization. See Molod et al. (2015) for some description and references to the derivations, linked from the MERRA-2 documentation pages.
https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/docs/

As the variable name states, this is a concentration, not a flux or tendency. If you need the total time rate of change you can take the difference of the concentration at two points in time, then divide by the amount of time between the two points.

I have data from merra 2 for sea salt mass concentration, the unit is kg/m3 , i need it in kg/m2 for my application. I like value for length scale which needs to multipled to it. How to find a length scale for specific ___location. Hi, I am assuming that you are using a variable SSSMASS25. The surface...