|
==Ruolo durante i conclavi==
{{Rquote|right|Il nipote di un papa muore due volte—la seconda volta come tutti gli uomini, la prima volta quando muore suo zio.|[[Alessandro Albani]]<ref name="c305"/>}}
{| class="floatright" width="33%" align="right" style="background-color:inherit;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;margin: .5em .75em;"
[[ ImageFile:Raffael 040.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[ PopePapa LeoLeone X]] withcon hisi cousinscugini [[ Popepapa ClementClemente VII|Giulio de' Medici]] ''( lefta sinistra, thefuturo futurepapa Pope ClementClemente VII) '' ande [[Luigi de' Rossi ]] ''( righta destra) '', whomda helui appointedcreato ascardinale, cardinalsnel celebre quadro di [[Raffaello]].]] ▼| width="20" valign="top" style="color:#B2B7F2;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;" | “
| valign="top" align="left" style="padding:0 10px;" | A Pope's nephew dies twice—the second time like all men, the first time when his uncle dies.
| width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:#B2B7F2;font-size:40px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;" | ”
|-
| colspan="3" style="padding-top: 10px" | {{#if:Cardinal Albani|<p style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em;text-align: right">'''<cite style="font-style:normal;">—Cardinal Albani{{#if:<ref name="c305"/>|<ref name="c305"/>}}</cite>'''}}
|}<!--Markup inserted from Template:Rquote-->
Even into the 18th century, the cardinal-nephew was a natural [[Power broker (term)|power broker]] at the [[papal conclave|conclave]] following his uncle's death, as a figure whom cardinals desirous of continuing the ''[[status quo]]'' could rally around.<ref name="c305"/> ''Instruzione al cardinal Padrone circa il modo come si deve procurare una fazione di cardinali con tutti i requisiti che deve avere per lo stabilimento della sua grandezza'' ("Instructions to the chief cardinal on how to create a faction of cardinals with all the requisites for the establishment of his grandeur"), discovered in the archive of the [[Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli|Santa Maria de Monserrato]] in [[Rome]] offers advice to cardinal-nephews for consolidating power within the College of Cardinals.<ref name="s114"/> Another text, the ''Ricordi dati da Gregorio XV al cardinale Lodovisio suo nipote'' ("Memoir addressed by [[Pope Gregory XV|Gregory XV]] to his Nephew Cardinal Lodovisio") offers advice for how to rise within the Curia.<ref name="s93">Signorotto and Visceglia, 2002, p. 93.</ref>
▲[[Image:Raffael 040.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Pope Leo X]] with his cousins [[Pope Clement VII|Giulio de' Medici]] ''(left, the future Pope Clement VII)'' and Luigi de' Rossi ''(right)'', whom he appointed as cardinals]]
An analysis of the five papal conclaves between 1605 and 1644 shows that cardinal-nephews were generally unsuccessful in electing their chosen candidates, although the victor was usually a cardinal created by the deceased pope.<ref>Signorotto and Visceglia, 2002, p. 121.</ref> Nine of the twenty-three cardinal electors in the [[Papal conclave, 1492|1492 papal conclave]] were cardinal-nephews.<ref>Burke-Young, Francis A. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/election-alexandervi.htm The election of Pope Alexander VI (1492)]".</ref>
Anche nel corso del XVIII secolo, il cardinal nipote era una figura chiave nel [[conclave]] successivo alla morte del papa suo zio, e attorno a lui si stringevano solitamente i cardinali desiderosi di mantenere lo ''[[status quo]]''<ref name="c305"/>. L<nowiki>'</nowiki>''Instruzione al cardinal Padrone circa il modo come si deve procurare una fazione di cardinali con tutti i requisiti che deve avere per lo stabilimento della sua grandezza'', scoperta nell'archivio della [[Chiesa di Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli]], a [[Roma]], dispensa consigli ai cardinali nipoti per consolidare il proprio potere all'interno del collegio dei cardinali<ref name="s114"/>. Un altro testo, i ''Ricordi dati da Gregorio XV al cardinale Lodovisio suo nipote'', insegna come scalare le gerarchie della Curia<ref name="s93">Signorotto e Visceglia, 2002, p. 93.</ref>.
A papal election could bring a dramatic change of fortune for a cardinal-nephew, often bringing the former favorites into conflict with the new pope. For example, [[Prospero Colonna (cardinal)|Prospero Colonna]] and [[Francisco de Borja]] were [[excommunication|excommunicated]],<ref>Trollope, 1876, p. 138.</ref><ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1500-ii.htm#Borja Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)]". Florida International University.</ref> and [[Carlo Carafa]] was [[List of people executed by the Holy See|executed]].<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1555.htm#Carafa Consistory of June 7, 1555 (I)]". Florida International University.</ref> ▼
Un'analisi dei cinque conclavi svoltisi tra il [[1605]] e il [[1644]] mostra che i cardinali nipoti generalmente non riuscirono a far eleggere i propri candidati, anche se il papa eletto era di solito un cardinale creato dal defunto pontefice<ref>Signorotto e Visceglia, 2002, p. 121.</ref>. Ben 9 dei 23 cardinali elettori riuniti nel [[conclave del 1492]] erano cardinali nipoti<ref>Francis A. Burke-Young, 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/election-alexandervi.htm The election of Pope Alexander VI (1492)]".</ref>.
▲AUna papalnuova electionelezione couldpapale, bringspesso, apoteva dramaticcomportare changeun ofdrammatico fortuneribaltamento fordi afortuna per un cardinal -nephew nipote, oftenvisto che sovente il bringingvecchio thefavorito formersi favoritestrovava intoin conflictconflitto withcon theil newnuovo popepapa. ForAd exampleesempio, [[Prospero Colonna ( cardinalcardinale XV secolo)|Prospero Colonna]] ande [[ Francisco de Borja (cardinale)|Francisco de Borja]] werefurono [[ excommunication|excommunicatedscomunica]] ,ti<ref>Trollope, 1876, p. 138.</ref><ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1500-ii.htm#Borja Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)]". Florida International University.</ref> , ande [[ Carlo Carafa (cardinale)|Carlo Carafa]] wasfu [[List of people executed by the Holy See|executed]].giustiziato<ref>Miranda, S. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1555.htm#Carafa Consistory of June 7, 1555 (I)]". Florida International University.</ref> .
==Legacy==
|
