Utente:Mikialba/Sandbox2: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 12:55, 9 dic 2006

Versione attuale delle 16:52, 20 mar 2008

(32 versioni intermedie di uno stesso utente non sono mostrate)

Riga 1:

{{Album

[[Immagine:squola.png]]Questa Sandbox funge da "brutta copia" dei miei futuri articoli.

|Titolo = See Emily Play

|Nome Artista = [[Pink Floyd]]

|Tipo album = Singolo

|Data = [[:Categoria:Singoli del 1967|1967]]

|Copertina =

|Dimensione copertina =

|Etichetta = <small>[[Columbia]] ([[EMI]])</small> {{bandiera|UK}} <br /> [[Tower Records|Tower]]/[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] {{bandiera|USA}}

|Produttore = [[Norman Smith]]

|Durata = 2 [[Minuto|min]] : 53 [[Secondo|sec]]

|Formati = [[Disco in vinile|7"]]

|Genere Musicale = [[Psychedelic rock]]

|Registrato = [[Maggio]] [[1967]]

|Album di provenienza = [[The Early Singles]]

|Note =

|Numero dischi di platino =

|Numero dischi d'oro =

}}

"'''See Emily Play'''" fu il secondo singolo realizzato dalla band inglese [[Pink Floyd]]. Fu scritto da [[Syd Barrett]] e registrato il 23 marzo [[:Categoria:Singoli del 1967|1967]]. Nel lato b del disco fu inclusa la canzone "[[Scarecrow]]". See Emily Play apparve successivamente in molteplici raccolte: [[Relics]] (1971), [[Works]] (1983), [[Shine On]] (1992), [[Echoes|Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd]] (2001) e [[The Piper at the Gates of Dawn 40th Anniversary Edition]] (2007).

<center>'''''[[Polmone]]'''''</center>

== Struttura e rilascio ==

----

La canzone parla di una ragazza chiamata Emily, che Barrett rivendicava di aver visto mentre dormiva in un bosco sotto l'effetto di [[allucinogeni]]. Barrett affermò successivamente che la storia era una bufala, realizzata a scopo pubblicitario. Secondo il libro ''A Saucerful of Secrets: The Pink Floyd Odyssey'', di Nicholas Scaffner, Emily sarebbe [[Emily Young]], figlia di [[Wayland Hilton Young]] e soprannominata "la studentessa psichedelica" all'[[UFO Club]].

<big>'''''QUESTA PARTE E' ANCORA DA TRADURRE!'''''</big>

Barrett non era contento dell'incisione finale del singolo in studio. Protestò contro il suo rilascio; il [[produttore]] [[Norman Smith]] riteneva che ciò era dovuto alla paura di Barrett verso il commercio. Durante le sessioni di registrazione, [[David Gilmour]] visitò lo studio, su invito dello stesso Syd. Egli rimase scioccato quando scoprì che Barrett non riusciva a riconoscere il suo vecchio amico.

==Mammalian lungs==

The lungs of mammals have a spongy texture and are honeycombed with [[epithelium]] having a much larger surface area in total than the outer surface area of the lung itself. The [[human lung|lungs of humans]] are typical of this type of lung. The environment of the lung is very moist, which makes it a hospitable environment for [[bacteria]]. Many respiratory illnesses are the result of bacterial or [[virus|viral]] [[infection]] of the lungs.

Il singolo americano fu rilasciato da [[Tower Records|Tower]] tre volte tra il luglio del 1967 e il tardo 1968. Ogni volta non riuscì a replicare il successo ottenuto in [[Regno Unito]].

<div id="bellowslung">[[Breathing]] is largely driven by the muscular [[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm]] at the bottom of the thorax. Contraction of the diaphragm vertically expands the cavity in which the lung is enclosed. Relaxation of the diaphragm has the opposite effect. The [[rib cage]] itself is also able to expand and contract to some degree, through the action of other respiratory and accessory respiratory muscles. As a result, air is sucked into or expelled out of the lungs, always moving down its pressure gradient. This type of lung is known as a '''bellows lung''' as it resembles a blacksmith's [[bellows]].</div>

Nel 1968, la band viaggiò in [[Belgio]], dove girarono un film promozionale per le canzoni "See Emily Play", "Astronomy Domine", "The Scarecrow", "Apples and Oranges", "Paint Box", "Set The Controls For The Heart Of The Sun" e "Corporal Clegg". Syd Barrett non si diresse in [[Belgio]] e fu quindi rimpiazzato da David Gilmour.

Air enters through the oral and nasal cavities; it flows through the larynx and into the trachea, which branches out into bronchi. In humans, it is the two main bronchi (produced by the bifurcation of the trachea) that enter the roots of the lungs. The bronchi continue to divide within the lung, and after multiple generations of divisions, give rise to bronchioles. Eventually the bronchial tree ends in alveolar sacs, composed of alveoli. Alveoli are essentially tiny sacs in close contact with blood filled capillaries. Here [[oxygen]] from the air [[diffusion|diffuses]] into the blood, where it is carried by [[hemoglobin]], and carried via pulmonary veins towards the [[heart]].

Deoxygenated blood from the heart travels via the [[pulmonary artery]] to the lungs for oxidation.

==Avian lungs==

Many sources state that it takes two complete breathing cycles for air to pass entirely through a bird's respiratory system. This is based on the idea that the bird's lungs store air received from the posterior air sacs in the 'first' exhalation until they can deliver this air to the posterior air sacs in the 'second' inhalation.

<div id="circlung">This is not possible because bird lungs are essentially sets of fixed volume, open ended tubes. They are like drinking straws. If you blow into one end of a drinking straw then the air comes out the other side. It is not stored, waiting for you to suck it out from the other end some time later. This type of lung construction is called '''[[circulatory lung]]s''' as distinct from the bellows lung possessed by most other animals (see above).</div>

Avian lungs do not have alveoli, as mammalian lungs do, but instead contain millions of tiny passages known as [[parabronchi]], connected at either ends by the dorsobronchi and ventrobronchi. Air flows through the honeycombed walls of the parabronchi and into air capillaries, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are traded with cross-flowing blood capillaries by diffusion, a process of crosscurrent exchange.

This complex system of air sacs ensures that the airflow through the avian lung is always travelling in the same direction - posterior to anterior. This is in contrast to the mammalian system, in which the direction of airflow in the lung is tidal, reversing between inhalation and exhalation. By utilizing a unidirectional flow of air, avian lungs are able to extract a greater concentration of oxygen from inhaled air. Birds are thus equipped to fly at altitudes at which mammals would succumb to [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]].

==Reptilian lungs==

[[Reptilian]] lungs are typically ventilated by a combination of expansion and contraction of the ribs via axial muscles and buccal pumping. [[Crocodilian]]s also rely on the [[hepatic]] piston method, in which the liver is pulled back by a muscle anchored to the pubic bone (part of the pelvis), which in turn pulls the bottom of the lungs backward, expanding them.

==Amphibian lungs==

The lungs of most [[frog]]s and other [[amphibian]]s are simple balloon-like structures, with gas exchange limited to the outer surface area of the lung. This is not a very efficient arrangement, but amphibians have low metabolic demands and also frequently supplement their oxygen supply by diffusion across the moist outer skin of their bodies. Unlike mammals, which use a breathing system driven by [[negative pressure]], amphibians employ [[positive pressure]]. Note that the majority of salamander species are [[lungless salamander]]s and conduct respiration through their skin and the tissues lining their mouth.

==Invertebrate lungs==

Some invertebrates have "lungs" that serve a similar respiratory purpose but are not evolutionarily related to vertebrate lungs. Some [[arachnid]]s have structures called "[[book lung]]s" used for atmospheric gas exchange. The [[Coconut crab]] uses structures called [[branchiostegal]] lungs to breathe air and indeed will drown in water, hence it breathes on land and holds its breath underwater. The [[Pulmonata]] are an order of snails and slugs that have developed "lungs".

==Origins==

The first lungs, simple sacs that allowed the organism to gulp air under oxygen-poor conditions, evolved into the lungs of today's terrestrial vertebrates and into the [[gas bladder]]s of today's fish. The lungs of [[vertebrate]]s are [[homology (biology)|homologous]] to the [[gas bladder]]s of [[fish]] (but not to their [[gill]]s). The evolutionary origin of both are thought to be outpocketings of the upper intestines. This is reflected by the fact that the lungs of a [[fetus]] also develop from an outpocketing of the upper intestines and in the case of gas bladders, this connection to the gut continues to exist as the [[pneumatic duct]] in more "primitive" [[teleost]]s, and is lost in the higher orders. (This is an instance of correlation between [[ontogeny and phylogeny]].) There are no animals which have both lungs and a gas bladder.

==Voci correlate==

*[[Bronco]]

*[[Respirazione]]

*[[Tumore del polmone]]