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=== Giovinezza ===

Nel 1749, Haydn era maturato fisicamente al punto da non potere più cantare le parti più acute, e fu estromesso dal coro. Dopo una notte passata sotto le stelle, fu aiutato da alcuni amici e intraprese la carriera di musicista indipendente. Durante questo difficile periodo, durato fino al 1759, Haydn fece svariati lavori occasionali, incluso il valletto per il compositore italiano Nicola Porpora, dal quale imparò "i veri fondamenti della composizione musicale". Da autodidatta, completò la sua formazione musicale, scrivendo i suoi primi quartetti d'archi e la sua prima opera lirica. Nel frattempo, anche la fama di Haydn cresceva gradualmente.

===The years as ''Kapellmeister''===

In [[1749]], Haydn had matured physically to the point that he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. On a weak pretext, he was summarily dismissed from his job. He evidently spent one night homeless on a park bench, but was taken in by friends and began to pursue a career as a freelance musician. During this arduous period, which lasted ten years, Haydn worked many different jobs, including valet–accompanist for the Italian composer [[Nicola Porpora]], from whom he later said he learned "the true fundamentals of composition". He laboured to fill the gaps in his training, and eventually wrote his first string quartets and his first opera. During this time Haydn's professional reputation gradually increased.

[[Image:Haydnportrait.jpg|thumb|Ritratto di Ludwig Guttenbrunn, ca. 1770]]

<!--, ([[March 31]] or [[April 1]] [[1732]] &ndash; [[May 31]] [[1809]]) was a leading [[composer]] of the [[classical music era|Classical]] period, called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet".

Nel [[1759]], Haydn ricevette il primo incarico di rilievo, quello di maestro di cappella presso il conte Karl von Morzin. In questa veste, diresse la piccola orchestra del conte, per la quale scrisse le sue prime sinfonie. Improvvise ristrettezze finanziarie del conte lo forzarono la licenziare Haydn, che però trovò subito una nuova sistemazione come assistente maestro di cappella degli Esterázy, una delle famiglie più ricche e importanti dell'impero Austroungarico. Alla morte del maestro di cappella, Gregor Werner, nel 1766, Haydn rilevò il suo posto.

Although he is still often called "Franz Joseph Haydn", the name "Franz" was not used in the composer's lifetime. Scholars, along with an increasing number of music publishers and recording companies, now use the historically more accurate form of his name, rendered in English as "Joseph Haydn".

Come

A life-long resident of [[Austria]], Haydn spent most of his career as a [[Noble court|court]] musician for the wealthy [[Esterhazy|Eszterházy]] family on their remote estate. Being isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, "forced to become original".

Joseph Haydn was the brother of [[Michael Haydn]], himself a highly regarded composer, and [[Johann Evangelist Haydn]], a [[tenor]] [[singer]].

===Struggles as a freelancer===

===The years as Kapellmeister===

[[Image:Haydnportrait.jpg|thumb|Portrait by Ludwig Guttenbrunn, ca. 1770]]In [[1759]], or [[1757]] according to the New Grove Encyclopedia, Haydn received his first important position, that of [[Kapellmeister]] (music director) for Count Karl von Morzin. In this capacity, he directed the count's small orchestra, and for this ensemble wrote his first symphonies. Count Morzin soon suffered financial reverses that forced him to dismiss his musical establishment, but Haydn was quickly offered a similar job (1761) as assistant Kapellmeister to the [[Esterhazy|Eszterházy]] family, one of the wealthiest and most important in the Austrian Empire. When the old Kapellmeister, [[Gregor Werner]], died in [[1766]], Haydn was elevated to full Kapellmeister.

As a [[livery|liveried]] servant of the Eszterházys, Haydn followed them as they moved among their three main residences: the family seat in [[Eisenstadt]], their winter palace in Vienna, and [[Eszterháza]], a grand new palace built in rural Hungary in the [[1760s]]. Haydn had a huge range of responsibilities, including composition, running the orchestra, playing [[chamber music]] for and with his patrons, and eventually the mounting of operatic productions. Despite the backbreaking workload, Haydn considered himself fortunate to have his job. The Eszterházy princes (first Paul Anton, then most importantly Nikolaus I) were musical connoisseurs who appreciated his work and gave him the conditions needed for his artistic development, including daily access to his own small orchestra.

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In [[1789]], Haydn developed another friendship with [[Maria Anna von Genzinger]] (1750–93), the wife of Prince Nicolaus's personal physician in Vienna. Their relationship, documented in Haydn's letters, was evidently intense but platonic. The letters express Haydn's sense of loneliness and melancholy at his long isolation at Eszterháza. Genzinger's premature death in 1793 was a blow to Haydn, and his [[Variations in F minor for piano (Haydn)|F minor variations]] for piano, Hob. XVII:6, which are unusual in Haydn's work for their tone of impassioned tragedy, may have been written as response to her death.

<!--, ([[March 31]] or [[April 1]] [[1732]] &ndash; [[May 31]] [[1809]]) was a leading [[composer]] of the [[classical music era|Classical]] period, called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet".

Although he is still often called "Franz Joseph Haydn", the name "Franz" was not used in the composer's lifetime. Scholars, along with an increasing number of music publishers and recording companies, now use the historically more accurate form of his name, rendered in English as "Joseph Haydn".

A life-long resident of [[Austria]], Haydn spent most of his career as a [[Noble court|court]] musician for the wealthy [[Esterhazy|Eszterházy]] family on their remote estate. Being isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, "forced to become original".

Joseph Haydn was the brother of [[Michael Haydn]], himself a highly regarded composer, and [[Johann Evangelist Haydn]], a [[tenor]] [[singer]].

===Struggles as a freelancer===

===The years as Kapellmeister===

===The London journeys===