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{{Tassobox
|pink
|nome=Ara giacinto
|statocons=EN
|statocons_versione=iucn3.1
|statocons_ref=
|immagine=[[Immagine:Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus -Brazilian Pantanal-8.jpg|230px]]
|didascalia=
<!-- CLASSIFICAZIONE -->
|dominio=
|regno=[[Animalia]]
|sottoregno=
<!-- PER GLI ALTRI ESSERI VIVENTI -->
|superphylum=
|phylum=[[Chordata]]
|subphylum=
|infraphylum=
|microphylum=
|nanophylum=
<!-- PER TUTTI -->
|superclasse=
|classe=[[Aves]]
|sottoclasse=
|infraclasse=
|superordine=
|ordine=[[Psittaciformes]]
|sottordine=
|infraordine=
|superfamiglia=
|famiglia=[[Psittacidae]]
|sottofamiglia=[[Arinae]]
|tribù=
|sottotribù=
|genere='''[[Anodorhynchus]]'''
|sottogenere=
|specie='''A. hyacinthinus'''
|sottospecie=
<!-- CLASSIFICAZIONE FILOGENETICA -->
|FIL?=
|ordineFIL=
|famigliaFIL=
<!-- NOMENCLATURA BINOMIALE -->
|biautore=([[John Latham (ornitologo)|Latham]]
|binome=Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
|bidata=[[1790]])
<!-- NOMENCLATURA TRINOMIALE -->
|triautore=
|trinome=
|tridata=
<!-- ALTRO -->
|sinonimi=
|nomicomuni=
|suddivisione=[[Areale]]
|suddivisione_testo=[[Immagine:Anodorhynus hyacinthinus range.jpg|230px]]
}}
L''''ara giacinto''' ('''''Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus''''' <span style="font-variant: small-caps"><small>[[John Latham (ornitologo)|Latham]], [[1790]]</small></span>), originaria del [[Sudamerica]] centrale e orientale, è la più grande [[Arinae|ara]] del mondo, nonché la più grande specie di [[Psittaciformes|pappagallo]] volante, dato che il [[kakapo]] della Nuova Zelanda, incapace di volare, può pesare fino a 3,5 kg. In termini di lunghezza, invece, è più grande di qualunque altra specie di pappagallo. Nonostante sia facilmente riconoscibile, può essere confusa con la più rara e piccola [[Anodorhynchus leari|ara indaco]]. La sua popolarità tra gli animali da compagnia è una delle cause principali alla base del declino delle popolazioni selvatiche.
==Descrizione==
L'ara giacinto è lunga 100 cm e pesa 1,5-2 kg. L'apertura alare è di 120–140 cm. È quasi completamente azzurra, ma sotto le ali è di colore nero. Ha un grosso becco nero con delle zone di pelle nuda color giallo brillante lungo i margini del ramo inferiore; altre zone di pelle nuda gialla circondano gli occhi<ref name = birdlife-1543>{{cite web| publisher =BirdLife International (2008) |url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1543&m=0 |title = Species factsheet: ''Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus'' |accessdate = 2008-07-24 }}</ref>. La femmina e il maschio sono quasi indistinguibili, ma la femmina è leggermente più gracile.
==Biologia==
[[Image:Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus -Hyacinth Macaw -side of head.jpg|left|thumb|<small>Primo piano di un'ara giacinto.</small>]]
===Food and feeding===
They have a very strong beak for eating their natural foods, which include the kernel of hard [[nut (fruit)|nut]]s and seeds. Their strong beaks are even able to crack [[coconut]]s and [[macadamia nut]]s. In addition, they eat [[fruit]]s and other vegetable matter. [[Pine nut]]s are also one of the most popular foods.
===Reproduction===
These birds nest in existing holes in trees. The clutch size is one or two [[Egg (biology)|eggs]], although usually only one fledgling survives as the second egg hatches several days after the first, and the smaller fledgling cannot compete with the first born for food. Juveniles stay with their parents until they are three months old. They are mature and begin breeding at seven years of age. Eggs are regularly predated by [[corvid]]s, [[possum]]s, [[coati]]s and (most prolifically) [[toucan]]s.<ref>http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0313-hance_macaws.html</ref> Adults have no known natural predators.<ref>http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus.html</ref>
==Distribution and habitat==
[[Image:Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus wild.jpg|thumb|left|Hyacinth Macaws in their natural [[habitat]], the [[Pantanal]], Brazil.]]
The Hyacinth Macaw survives today in three main populations in [[South America]]: In the [[Pantanal]] region of [[Brazil]], and adjacent eastern [[Bolivia]] and northeastern [[Paraguay]], in the [[Cerrado]] region of the eastern interior of Brazil ([[Maranhão]], [[Piauí]], [[Bahia]], [[Tocantins]], [[Goiás]], [[Mato Grosso]] and [[Minas Gerais]]), and in the relatively open areas associated with the [[Tocantins River]], [[Xingu River]], [[Tapajós River]], and the [[Marajó]] island in the eastern [[Amazon Basin]] of Brazil. It is possible that smaller, fragmented populations occur in other areas. It prefers [[Arecaceae|palm]] [[swamp]]s, woodlands, and other semi-open wooded habitats. It usually avoids dense humid forest, and in regions dominated by such habitats, it is generally restricted to the edge or relatively open sections (e.g. along major rivers).
===Conservation===
[[File:Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus -zoo de La Palmyre-8a.jpg|right|thumb|At [[La Palmyre Zoo]], France]]
The Hyacinth Macaw is an endangered species due to overcollection for the cage bird trade and [[habitat loss]]. Annual grass fires set by farmers can destroy nest trees, and regions previously inhabited by this macaw are now unsuitable due to cattle-ranching, [[hydroelectric]] power schemes, [[agriculture]] and plantations. Locally, it has been hunted for food, and the [[Kayapo]] Indians of Gorotire in south-central Brazil use its [[feather]]s to make headdresses and other baubles. While overall greatly reduced in numbers, it remains locally common in the Brazilian Pantanal, where a specific program, the ''Hyacinth Macaw Project'', among others involving artificial nests and awareness campaigns, has been initiated by several ecolodges, and many ranch-owners now protect the macaws on their land.
The [[Minnesota Zoo]] with BioBrasil <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mnzoo.com/conservation/conservation_world_hyMacaw.asp|title= BioBrasil and the Minnesota Zoo working to save Hyacinth Macaws|publisher=Minnesota Zoo|accessdate=2007-08-24}}</ref> and [[World Wildlife Fund]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/projects/item8605.html|title=The Hyacinth Macaw Makes a Comeback|author=Brouwer, Meindert|publisher=World Wildlife Fund|accessdate=2007-08-24}}</ref> are involved in Hyacinth Macaw conservation.
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