M-Base: differenze tra le versioni

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In the year 1991 a significant number of M-Base participants labelled as "M-Base Collective" recorded the CD ''Anatomy of a Groove''. Most of them previously contributed to CDs by alto-saxophonist Steve Coleman whose creativity has been a pivotal factor in that movement,<ref>Coleman è stato chiamato "il capo" per esempio in [[Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz]], Londra/ New York 2001, p. 739</ref> although he refused to be called its leader or founder. Coleman and his friend Greg Osby, who plays alto saxophone in a related style, together led the group "Strata Institute" which recorded two CDs (the second with tenor saxophonist Von Freeman as a further leader). Under the name of Osby, a number of CDs with a specific character have been released starting in 1987 which also coined the perception of "M-Base" jazz. Tenor saxophonist and flutist Gary Thomas admittedly didn't take part in the M-Base initiative, but joined them, and there were similarities in his way of playing. He can be heard on recordings of Coleman und Osby and his own CDs are also labelled as "M-Base-style". All three saxophonists contributed to the CD ''Jump World'' by singer Cassandra Wilson.

Pianist [[Andrew Hill (jazz musician)|Andrew Hill]] said about Greg Osby: "He has an incredible sense of rhythm and harmonic accuracy, and picks the right notes with a precision that isn't common to people with his technical versatility. He's developed into a fully rounded artist who can play various styles extremely well – better than most."<ref>Citato in note di copertina del CD "The Invisible Hand" di Greg Osby</ref> Greg Osby said about [[Gary_Thomas_(musician)|Gary Thomas]]: "He's extremely intelligent and has a capacity for absorption that exceeds that of most people that I know […] He has his own compositional and improvisational method that is peerless in my opinion. He's my favourite tenor saxophone player on the contemporary scene."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gregosby.com/interviews5.html|title=Interviewed by Fred Jung, April 11, 2000|work=Greg Osby - Jazz Saxophonist|access-date=25 November 2014|language=en}}</ref> Clarinettist and composer Don Byron called Steve Coleman "an exceptional personality of American music history."<ref>Christian Broecking, Der Marsalis-Faktor, 1995, p. 120</ref>

Antecedents to M-Base were identified by jazz critic [[Bill Milkowski]] as the [[Miles Davis]]-led band featured on recordings like 1975's ''[[Agharta (album)|Agharta]]''; he noted the combination of [[Sonny Fortune]]'s acerbic saxophone lines atop the syncopated [[groove (music)Groove|grooves]] performed by the rhythm section of drummer [[Al Foster]], bassist [[Michael Henderson (musicista)|Michael Henderson]], and rhythm guitarist [[Reggie Lucas]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Alkyer|editor1-first=Frank|editor2-last=Enright|editor2-first=Ed|editor3-last=Koransky|editor3-first=Jason|year=2007|title=The Miles Davis Reader|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-1-4234-3076-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/downbeathalloffa00fran/page/307 307]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/downbeathalloffa00fran/page/307|language=en}}</ref>

==Storia approfondita==

The ideas of the M-Base concept were largely incompatible with the requirements of music business. Most participants of the M-Base movement turned to more conventional music. Cassandra Wilson's blues and folk-influenced music has been fairly suitable for an adaption to the taste of a larger audience. Wilson has been signed to [[Blue Note Records]] since 1993. Though two of Gary Thomas' recordings were highly rated by ''[[DownBeat]]''<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/487|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619060329/http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/487|titolo=Gary Thomas - Director of Jazz Studies, Richard and Elizabeth Case Endowed Professor in Jazz|dataarchivio=19 giugno 2010|lingua=en|editore=Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University|sito=/www.peabody.jhu.edu}}</ref> he only had a contract with a small European company and his performance opportunities were virtually limited to Europe. Since 1997, he has put his career as a bandleader on hold to teach at Peabody Music Institute.<ref>{{cita web|autore=Geoffrey Himes|url=http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/3020|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620161210/http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/3020|titolo=Tim Murphy|dataarchivio=20 giugno 2010|lingua=en|editore=Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University|sito=/www.peabody.jhu.edu}}</ref> Greg Osby signed with Blue Note Records in 1990 and developed a specific balancing act between an enhanced reverence to tradition and maintaining his new direction. In 2008, Osby launched his own small label.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gregosby.com/bio.html|title=Greg Osby - Jazz Saxophonist/Composer: Biography|work=Greg Osby - Jazz Saxophonist|access-date=25 November 2014|language=en}}</ref> Steve Coleman has developed his music further in accordance with the M-Base concept. In the 1990s his CDs were released by the major label BMG. Thereafter he became practically an underground artist in the U.S. again in that his music was only available as imports, distributed by a small French label.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://innerviews.org/inner/coleman.html|title=Innerviews: Steve Coleman - Digging deep|author=Innerviews|work=Innerviews: Music Without Borders|access-date=25 November 2014|language=en}}</ref> In 2007 John Zorn's small label [[Tzadik Records]] released a solo CD of Coleman. In 2010 the small advanced label [[https://pirecordings.com/ Pi Recordings]] began to release Steve Coleman's recordings.

Although the musical line initially called "M-Base" became more than ever focused on Steve Coleman, a number of younger musicians (e.g. a range of excellent drummers) have made substantial creative contributions to his music and his influence is to be found in several musical fields – both in terms of music technique and of the music's meaning. Pianist [[Vijay Iyer]], (who was chosen as "Jazz Musician of the Year 2010" by the [[Jazz Journalists Association]]),<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://news.jazzjournalists.org/|titolo=Jazz Journalists Association News – Approfondimenti e aggiornamenti dall'Associazione Giornalisti Jazz|autore=Corey Hall|sito=news.jazzjournalists.org|editore=JJA Editor|data=27 dicembre 2023|lingua=en|accesso=2024-02-06}}</ref> said, "It's hard to overstate Steve [Coleman's] influence. He's affected more than one generation, as much as anyone since John Coltrane. It's not just that you can connect the dots by playing seven or 11 beats. What sits behind his influence is this global perspective on music and life. He has a point of view of what he does and why he does it."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703302604575294532527380178|title=A Saxophonist's Reverberant Sound|author=Larry Blumenfeld|date=11 June 2010|work=WSJ|access-date=25 November 2014|language=en}}</ref>

== Il concetto del M-Base ==

Steve Coleman explainedha thespiegato substantialgli elementselementi ofsostanziali thedel conceptconcetto ascome:

* improvisation and structure

* contemporary relevance