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Il '''Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe''' ('''WMAP'''), conosciuto anche come [[sonda spaziale]] per l<nowiki>'</nowiki>[[anisotropia]] delle [[microonde]] ({{en}}: '''Microwave Anisotropy Probe''' ('''MAP''')), e '''Explorer 80''', è un satellite che misura ciò che rimane delle radiazioni dovute al [[Big Bang]], ovvero la [[radiazione cosmica di fondo]]. Diretto dal professore della Johns Hopkins University [[Charles L. Bennett]], si tratta di un progetto che prevede la collaborazione tra il [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] della [[NASA]] e l<nowiki>'</nowiki>[[Università di Princeton]].<ref name="2003PressRelease" /> Il satellite WMAP è stato lanciato il [[30 giugno]] [[2001]], alle ore 19:46 (GDT) dallo stato della [[Florida]]. Il WMAP è l'erede dei satelliti [[COBE]] e [[MIDEX]] previsti dal [[programma Explorer]]. Tale satellite è stato così chiamato in onore di [[David Todd Wilkinson]] (1935-2002).<ref name="2003PressRelease" />

{{redirect-acronym |WMAP| the radio station [[WMAP (AM)]]}}

{{Infobox Space Telescope

| name = Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

| image = [[Image:WMAP collage.jpg|230px]]

| caption =

| organization = [[NASA]]

| major_contractors =

| alt_names = MAP; Explorer 80

| nssdc_id =

| ___location = [[Lagrangian point|Lagrange L₂]]

| orbit_type = [[Lissajous orbit]]

| accel_gravity =

| launch_date = 30 June 2001, 19:46 [[UTC]]

| launch_location = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]]

| launch_vehicle = [[Delta II]] rocket

| mission_length = {{For year month day| year=2001 | month=06 | day=30}} elapsed

| deorbit_date =

| wavelength =

| mass = 840 kg

| style =

| diameter =

| area =

| focal_length =

| instrument_1_name = K-band 23&nbsp;GHz

| instrument_1_characteristics = 52.8 [[MOA]] beam

| instrument_2_name = Ka-band 33&nbsp;GHz

| instrument_2_characteristics = 39.6 MOA beam

| instrument_3_name = Q-band 41&nbsp;GHz

| instrument_3_characteristics = 30.6 MOA beam

| instrument_4_name = V-band 61&nbsp;GHz

| instrument_4_characteristics = 21 MOA beam

| instrument_5_name = W-band 94&nbsp;GHz

| instrument_5_characteristics = 13.2 MOA beam

| website = http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov

| as_of =

| stats_ref = <ref name="2003Bennett" /><ref name="2008Limon" /><ref name="news_facts" />

}}

The '''Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe''' ('''WMAP''') — also known as the '''[[Microwave]] [[Anisotropy]] [[Probe]]''' ('''MAP'''), and '''Explorer 80''' — measures the [[cosmic microwave background radiation|temperature]] of the [[Big Bang]]'s remnant radiant heat. Headed by Professor [[Charles L. Bennett]], Johns Hopkins University, the mission is a joint project between the NASA [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] and Princeton University.<ref name="2003PressRelease" /> The WMAP satellite was launched on 30 June 2001, at 19:46:46 GDT, from Florida. The WMAP succeeds the [[COBE]] and medium-class (MIDEX) satellites of the [[Explorer program]]. The program is named in honour of the accomplishments of [[David Todd Wilkinson]] (1935-2002).<ref name="2003PressRelease" />

The WMAP's measurements are more accurate than previous measurements; per the [[Lambda-CDM model]] of the universe, the data indicate [[age of the universe|the age of the universe]] is 13.73&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.12 billion years old, with a [[Hubble's law|Hubble constant]] of 70.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.3&nbsp;km·s^-1·Mpc^-1, and is composed of 4.6% ordinary [[Baryonic#Baryonic matter|baryonic matter]]; 23% unknown [[dark matter]] that neither emits nor absorbs light; 72% [[dark energy]] that accelerates expansion; and less than 1% neutrinos — all consistent with a [[Shape of the universe|flat geometry]], and the ratio of energy density to the [[critical density]] Ω&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.02&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.02. These results support the Lambda-CDM model and the [[physical cosmology|cosmologic]] scenarios of [[cosmic inflation]], and evidence of [[cosmic neutrino background]] radiation.<ref name="2008Hinshaw">Hinshaw et al. (2008)</ref>