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Oklahoma also has a rich African American history. There were many black towns that thrived in the early 1900s due to black settlers moving from neighboring states, especially Kansas. Politician Edward P. McCabe started the movement of many black settlers to the then Indian Territory. This movement encouraged Edward P. McCabe to actually talk to President Theodore Roosevelt about making Oklahoma a majority-black state. Many of the all black towns are now ghost towns, however, [[Boley, Oklahoma|Boley]] and [[Langston, Oklahoma|Langston]] (home of the historically black university [[Langston University]]) still thrive today.

In the early 20th century, despite [[Jim Crow Laws]] and a statewide presence of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], Tulsa was home to [[Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma|Greenwood]], one of the most prosperous African American communities in the United States,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117786589.html?categoryid=32&cs=1| title= The Tulsa Lynching of 1921: A Hidden Story|publisher=[[Variety (magazinerivista)|Variety Magazine]] | accessdate=2008-06-26}}</ref> but was the site of the [[Tulsa Race Riot]] in 1921. One of the costliest acts of racial violence in American history, sixteen hours of rioting resulted in 35 city blocks destroyed, $1.8 million in property damage, and a death toll estimated to be as high as 300 people.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ok-history.mus.ok.us/trrc/file1.pdf| title= Tulsa Race Riot, A Report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, February 28, 2001 |publisher= Oklahoma Historical Society | accessdate=2008-06-10|format=PDF}}</ref> By the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan was reduced to negligible influence within the state.<ref>{{cite web | first=Larry|last=O'Dell|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KU001.html| title= KU KLUX KLAN |publisher= Oklahoma Historical Society | accessdate=2008-06-26}}</ref>

During the 1930s, parts of the state began feeling the consequences of poor farming practices, drought, and high winds. Known as the [[Dust Bowl]], areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and [[northwestern Oklahoma]] were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States.<ref>{{cite web | date=2005-08-05|url=http://www.ccccok.org/museum/dustbowl.html|title= 1930s Dust Bowl | publisher= Cimarron County Chamber of Commerce| accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref> Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent. In response, dramatic efforts in [[soil conservation|soil]] and [[water conservation]] led to massive flood control systems and dams, creating hundreds of [[reservoirs]] and man-made lakes. By the 1960s, more than 200 man-made lakes had been created, the most in the nation.<ref name="Oklahoma Terrain"/><ref>{{cite web | year=2007|url=http://www.history.com/states.do?action=detail&state=OK&contentType=State_Generic&contentId=54146|title= History of the States: Oklahoma, The Sooner State | publisher= [[The History Channel]]| accessdate=2007-08-09}}</ref>