Architettura blob: differenze tra le versioni
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[[Immagine:The Sage Gateshead.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Sage Gateshead]] di [[Norman Foster]] ]]
L' '''Architettura blob''', o '''blob architettura''', rappresenta un movimento architettonico contemporaneo nel quale gli edifici hanno una forma organica, tondeggiante e curvata.
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[[Image:Birmingham Selfridges building.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Future Systems]]' blobitecture design for the [[2003]] [[Selfridges]] department store, was intended to evoke the female sillouette and a famous "chainmail" dress designed by [[Paco Rabanne]] in the 1960s. Its landmark qualities were expected to rejuvenate the [[Birmingham]] city centre.]]
'''Blobitecture''' from '''blob architecture''', '''blobism''' or '''blobismus''' are terms for a current movement in [[architecture]] in which buildings have an organic, [[amoeba]]-shaped, bulging form.<ref name="Curl">{{cite book | last = Curl | first = James Stevens | title = A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture | origdate = 2006 | format = Paperback | edition = Second | publisher = Oxford University Press | language = English | id = ISBN 0198606788 | pages = 880 pages
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Implied in the name is an off-beat allusion to the science fiction film ''[[The Blob]]'' from 1958. Though the term 'blob architecture' was in vogue already in the mid-1990s, the word ''Blobitecture'' first appeared in print in [[2002]], in [[William Safire]]'s "On Language" column in the ''New York Times Magazine'' in an article entitled ''Defenestration''.<ref>Safire, Wiliam. ''The New York Times'': On Language. Defenestration. December 1 2002. </ref> Though intended in the article to have a derogatory meaning, the word stuck and is often used to describe buildings with curved and rounded shapes.
==Origins of the term "blob architecture"==
The term 'blob architecture' was coined by architect [[Greg Lynn]] in [[1995]] in his experiments in digital design with [[binary large object]]s or BLOBs. Soon a range of architects and furniture designers began to experiment with BLOB software to create new and unusual forms. Despite its seeming organicism, blob architecture is unthinkable without this and other similar [[computer-aided design]] programs. Architects derive the forms by manipulating the algorithms of the computer modeling platform. Some [[computer aided design]] functions involved in developing this are the [[nonuniform rational B-spline]] or NURB, [[freeform surface]]s, and the digitizing of sculpted forms by means akin to [[computed tomography]].<ref>John K. Waters, ''Blobitecture: Waveform Architecture and Digital Design''(Rockport, 2003).</ref>
==Precedents==
One precedent is [[Archigram]], a group of English architects working in the 1960s, to which Peter Cook belonged. They were interested in inflatable architecture as well as in the shapes that could be generated from plastic.
[[Ron Herron]], also member of [[Archigram]] created blob-like architecture in his projects from the 1960s, such as ''[[Walking City|Walking Cities]]'' and ''Instant City'', as did [[Michael Webb]] with ''Sin Centre''.<ref>''Archigram'', Peter Cook, editor (Princeton Architectural Press, 1999).</ref> There was a climate of experimental architecture with an air of psychedelia in the 1970s that these were a part of. [[Frederick Kiesler]]'s unbuilt, ''Endless House'' is another instance of early blob-like architecture, although it is symmetrical in plan and designed before computers; his design for the [[Shrine of the Book]] (construction begun, 1965) which has the characteristic droplet form of fluid also anticipates forms that interest architects today.
Also to be considered, if one views blob architecture from the question of form rather than technology, are the organic designs of [[Antoni Gaudi]] in Barcelona and of the [[Expressionism|Expressionists]] like [[Bruno Taut]] and [[Hermann Finsterlin]].
==Built Examples==
[[Image:The Sage Gateshead.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[Sage Gateshead]] building by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]]]]
Despite the narrow interpretation of Blob architecture (i.e. that coming from the computer), the word, especially in popular parlance, has come to be associated quite widely with a range of curved or odd-looking buildings including [[Frank Gehry]]'s [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] (1997) and the [[Experience Music Project]] (2000), though these, in the narrower sense are not blob buildings, even though they were designed by advanced computer-aided design tools, [[CATIA]] in particular.<ref>For a discussion see: Waters, John K. Ibid.</ref> The reason for this is that they were designed from physical models rather than from computer manipulations.
A building that can be considered a better example of blob is [[Peter Cook (architect)|Peter Cook]] and [[Colin Fournier]]'s [[Kunsthaus Graz|Kunsthaus]] (2003) in [[Graz]], Austria. Other instances are [[Roy Mason (architect)|Roy Mason]]'s [[Xanadu House]] (1979) the buildings of [[organic architecture|organicist]] [[Bart Prince]] and a rare excursion into the field by [[Herzog & de Meuron]] in their [[Allianz Arena]] (2005). By 2005, [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] had involved himself in blobitecture to some extent as well with his brain-shaped design for the [[Philological Library]] at the [[Free University of Berlin]] and the [[Sage Gateshead]] opened in 2004.
[[Image:Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, along the [[Nervión|Nervión River]] in downtown [[Bilbao]]]]
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==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Kunsthaus-Graz.jpg|[[Peter Cook (architect)|Peter Cook]] and [[Colin Fournier]]'s [[Kunsthaus Graz|Kunsthaus]] in [[Graz]]
Image:ExperienceMusicProject.jpg| Exterior siding of the Experience Music Project
Image:Warszawa golden terraces.jpg| Golden Terraces in Warsaw
Image:Allianz Arena Pahu.jpg|[[Allianz Arena]] in Munich
Image:Eden_Project_geodesic_domes_panorama.jpg|Panoramic view of the geodesic domes at [[Eden Project]]
Image:Freie Universitaet Berlin - Philologische Bibliothek.jpg|[[Philological Library]] at the [[Free University of Berlin]]
</gallery>
==References==
<div class="references-1column"><references/></div>
==Sources==
*Lynn, Greg. ''Folds, Bodies & Blobs : Collected Essays.'' La Lettre volée, 1998. ISBN
*Muschamp, Herbert. ''The New York Times, [http://www.nytimes.com/library/arts/072300arch-muschamp.html| Architecture's Claim on the Future: The Blob]''. July 23, 2000.
*Safire, Wiliam. ''The New York Times: On Language. [http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/01/magazine/01ONLANGUAGE.html?ex=1161403200&en=6fc964cebde18406&ei=5070 Defenestration].'' December 1 2002.
*Waters, John K. ''Blobitecture: Waveform Architecture and Digital Design.'' Rockport Publishers, 2003. ISBN
[[Category:Architectural styles]]
[[Category:Postmodern architecture]]
[[Category:Deconstructivism]]
[[Category:Expressionist architecture]]
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[[en:Blobitecture]]
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[[pl:Blob (architektura)]]
[[zh:流體建築]]
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