Did you check if the feature is enabled for the correct subscription id?
In case of multiple subscriptions, you need to set the subscription context and then run the following
az feature register --namespace Microsoft.Compute --name EncryptionAtHost
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/disks-enable-host-based-encryption-cli#prerequisites
If you continue to see the same error, I recommend you open an Azure support case and Azure technical support team will be able to further investigate the issue and help with this. If you don't have the ability to open a technical support ticket, please let me know and I can help you further with this.