重要的应用程序接口(API)
了解你的应用如何识别运行在进程外的后台任务所报告的进度和完成情况。 (对于进程内后台任务,可以设置共享变量来表示进度和完成。
可以通过应用代码监视后台任务进度和完成情况。 为此,应用订阅其注册到系统的后台任务中的事件。
- 本内容假设你有一个用于注册后台任务的应用。 若要快速构建后台任务,请参阅 创建和注册进程内后台任务 或 创建和注册进程外后台任务。 有关条件和触发器的详细信息,请参阅 后台任务支持应用的指南。
创建事件处理程序来处理已完成的后台任务
步骤 1
创建事件处理程序函数来处理已完成的后台任务。 此代码需要遵循特定的规范,其中包含 IBackgroundTaskRegistration 对象和 BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs 对象。
使用以下模板为 OnCompleted 后台任务的事件处理方法。
private void OnCompleted(IBackgroundTaskRegistration task, BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs args)
{
// TODO: Add code that deals with background task completion.
}
auto completed{ [this](
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration const& /* sender */,
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs const& /* args */)
{
// TODO: Add code that deals with background task completion.
} };
auto completed = [this](BackgroundTaskRegistration^ task, BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs^ args)
{
// TODO: Add code that deals with background task completion.
};
步骤 2
在处理后台任务完成的事件处理程序中添加代码。
例如,后台任务示例 更新 UI。
private void OnCompleted(IBackgroundTaskRegistration task, BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs args)
{
UpdateUI();
}
auto completed{ [this](
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration const& /* sender */,
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs const& /* args */)
{
UpdateUI();
} };
auto completed = [this](BackgroundTaskRegistration^ task, BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs^ args)
{
UpdateUI();
};
创建事件处理程序函数来处理后台任务进度
步骤 1
创建事件处理程序函数来处理已完成的后台任务。 此代码需要遵循特定的格式,它接收一个 IBackgroundTaskRegistration 对象和一个 BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs 对象。
对 OnProgress 后台任务事件处理程序方法使用以下格式:
private void OnProgress(IBackgroundTaskRegistration task, BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs args)
{
// TODO: Add code that deals with background task progress.
}
auto progress{ [this](
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration const& /* sender */,
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs const& /* args */)
{
// TODO: Add code that deals with background task progress.
} };
auto progress = [this](BackgroundTaskRegistration^ task, BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs^ args)
{
// TODO: Add code that deals with background task progress.
};
步骤 2
在处理后台任务完成的事件处理程序中添加代码。
例如,后台任务示例 使用通过 args 参数传入的进度状态更新 UI:
private void OnProgress(IBackgroundTaskRegistration task, BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs args)
{
var progress = "Progress: " + args.Progress + "%";
BackgroundTaskSample.SampleBackgroundTaskProgress = progress;
UpdateUI();
}
auto progress{ [this](
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration const& /* sender */,
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs const& args)
{
winrt::hstring progress{ L"Progress: " + winrt::to_hstring(args.Progress()) + L"%" };
BackgroundTaskSample::SampleBackgroundTaskProgress = progress;
UpdateUI();
} };
auto progress = [this](BackgroundTaskRegistration^ task, BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs^ args)
{
auto progress = "Progress: " + args->Progress + "%";
BackgroundTaskSample::SampleBackgroundTaskProgress = progress;
UpdateUI();
};
将事件处理程序功能与新的和现有的后台任务进行注册
步骤 1
当应用首次注册后台任务时,它应注册以接收其进度和完成更新,以防任务在应用仍处于前台活动状态时运行。
例如,后台任务示例 对注册的每个后台任务调用以下函数:
private void AttachProgressAndCompletedHandlers(IBackgroundTaskRegistration task)
{
task.Progress += new BackgroundTaskProgressEventHandler(OnProgress);
task.Completed += new BackgroundTaskCompletedEventHandler(OnCompleted);
}
void SampleBackgroundTask::AttachProgressAndCompletedHandlers(Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::IBackgroundTaskRegistration const& task)
{
auto progress{ [this](
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration const& /* sender */,
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs const& args)
{
winrt::hstring progress{ L"Progress: " + winrt::to_hstring(args.Progress()) + L"%" };
BackgroundTaskSample::SampleBackgroundTaskProgress = progress;
UpdateUI();
} };
task.Progress(progress);
auto completed{ [this](
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration const& /* sender */,
Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs const& /* args */)
{
UpdateUI();
} };
task.Completed(completed);
}
void SampleBackgroundTask::AttachProgressAndCompletedHandlers(IBackgroundTaskRegistration^ task)
{
auto progress = [this](BackgroundTaskRegistration^ task, BackgroundTaskProgressEventArgs^ args)
{
auto progress = "Progress: " + args->Progress + "%";
BackgroundTaskSample::SampleBackgroundTaskProgress = progress;
UpdateUI();
};
task->Progress += ref new BackgroundTaskProgressEventHandler(progress);
auto completed = [this](BackgroundTaskRegistration^ task, BackgroundTaskCompletedEventArgs^ args)
{
UpdateUI();
};
task->Completed += ref new BackgroundTaskCompletedEventHandler(completed);
}
步骤 2
当应用启动或导航到后台任务状态相关的新页面时,它应获取当前注册的后台任务列表,并将其与进度和完成事件处理程序函数相关联。 应用程序当前注册的后台任务列表保存在 BackgroundTaskRegistration中。AllTasks 属性。
例如,后台任务示例 在导航到 SampleBackgroundTask 页面时使用以下代码附加事件处理程序:
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
foreach (var task in BackgroundTaskRegistration.AllTasks)
{
if (task.Value.Name == BackgroundTaskSample.SampleBackgroundTaskName)
{
AttachProgressAndCompletedHandlers(task.Value);
BackgroundTaskSample.UpdateBackgroundTaskStatus(BackgroundTaskSample.SampleBackgroundTaskName, true);
}
}
UpdateUI();
}
void SampleBackgroundTask::OnNavigatedTo(Windows::UI::Xaml::Navigation::NavigationEventArgs const& /* e */)
{
// A pointer back to the main page. This is needed if you want to call methods in MainPage such
// as NotifyUser().
m_rootPage = MainPage::Current;
// Attach progress and completed handlers to any existing tasks.
auto allTasks{ Windows::ApplicationModel::Background::BackgroundTaskRegistration::AllTasks() };
for (auto const& task : allTasks)
{
if (task.Value().Name() == SampleBackgroundTaskName)
{
AttachProgressAndCompletedHandlers(task.Value());
break;
}
}
UpdateUI();
}
void SampleBackgroundTask::OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs^ e)
{
// A pointer back to the main page. This is needed if you want to call methods in MainPage such
// as NotifyUser().
rootPage = MainPage::Current;
// Attach progress and completed handlers to any existing tasks.
auto iter = BackgroundTaskRegistration::AllTasks->First();
auto hascur = iter->HasCurrent;
while (hascur)
{
auto cur = iter->Current->Value;
if (cur->Name == SampleBackgroundTaskName)
{
AttachProgressAndCompletedHandlers(cur);
break;
}
hascur = iter->MoveNext();
}
UpdateUI();
}