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Line 1: <languages/> {{process header \| title = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Two-factor authentication help</span> \| section = \| previous = ←[[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents\|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Help pages</span>]] \| next = \| shortcut = [[m:H:2FA\|H:2FA]] \| notes = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This page explains two-factor authentication on Wikimedia Foundation wikis. ~~For~~You may also read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:OATHAuth\|documentation of the extension]] that adds this functionality~~, see [[mw:Extension:OATHAuth]]~~.</span> }} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia's implementation of '''two-factor authentication''' ('''2FA''') is a way to strengthen the security of your account. If you enable [[:en:Two-factor authentication\|two-factor authentication]], you will be asked for a one-time six-digit authentication code every time in addition to your password. This code is provided by an app on your [[:en:smartphone\|smartphone]] or other authentication device. In order to log in, you must know your password and have your authentication device available to generate the code. Wikimedia's implementation of '''two-factor authentication''' ('''2FA''') is a way to strengthen the security of your account. If you enable [[{{lwp\|Two-factor authentication}}\|two-factor authentication]], you will be asked for a one-time six-digit authentication code every time in addition to your password. This code is provided by an app on your [[{{lwp\|smartphone}}\|smartphone]] or other authentication device. In order to log in, you must know your password and have your authentication device available to generate the code. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Accounts affected == </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Two-factor authentication on Wikimedia is currently experimental and optional. Enrollment requires <code>(oathauth-enable)</code> access, currently in production testing with [[Special:MyLanguage/Administrators\|administrators]] (and users with admin-like permissions like [[Special:MyLanguage/interface editors\|interface editors]]), [[Special:MyLanguage/bureaucrats\|bureaucrats]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Checkuser policy\|checkusers]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy\|oversighters]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Stewards\|stewards]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Global_permissions#Abuse_filter\|edit filter managers]] and the [[Special:GlobalUsers/oathauth-tester\|OATH-testers global group]]. Two-factor authentication on Wikimedia is currently experimental and optional (with some exceptions). Enrollment requires <code>(oathauth-enable)</code> access, currently in production testing with [[Special:MyLanguage/Administrators\|administrators]] (and users with admin-like permissions like [[Special:MyLanguage/interface editors\|interface editors]]), [[Special:MyLanguage/bureaucrats\|bureaucrats]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Checkuser policy\|checkusers]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy\|oversighters]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Stewards\|stewards]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Global_permissions#Abuse_filter\|edit filter managers]] and the [[Special:GlobalUsers/oathauth-tester\|OATH-testers global group]]. </div> ~~[[Wikitech:\|Wikitech]] LDAP accounts are also eligible.~~ <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Mandatory use user groups === </div> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[:Category:User groups that require two-factor authentication\|Groups requiring two-factor authentication]]</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">May 2025 announcement: [[Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights\|Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights]]</span> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * [[:Category:Global user groups that require two-factor authentication\|Groups requiring two-factor authentication]] == Enabling two-factor authentication == </div> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Have <code>(oathauth-enable)</code> access (by default, available to administrators, bureaucrats, suppressors, check users and other privileged user groups)</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Have or install a [[:w:en:Time-based One-time Password Algorithm\|Time-based One-time Password Algorithm]] (TOTP) client. For most users, this will be a phone or tablet application. ~~Commonly~~Any compliant application may be used, some ~~recommended~~popular ~~apps~~ones include:</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Open-source: [https://github.com/beemdevelopment/Aegis Aegis] (Android, F-Droid), [https://freeotp.github.io/ FreeOTP] (Android, F-Droid, iOS), [https://github.com/~~andOTP~~twofas 2FAS] ([https:/~~andOTP#andotp---~~/github.com/twofas/2fas-android Android], [https://github.com/twofas/2fas-~~otp-~~ios iOS]), [https://bitwarden.com/products/authenticator/ ~~andOTP~~Bitwarden Authenticator] ([https://github.com/bitwarden/authenticator-android Android], [https://github.com/bitwarden/authenticator-ios iOS]), [https://mattrubin.me/authenticator/ Authenticator] (iOS), [https://authenticator.cc/ Authenticator.cc] (Chrome, Firefox & Edge), [https://passman.cc/ Passman] (NextCloud), [https://keepassxc.org/ KeePassXC] (Linux, macOS, Windows)</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Closed-source: ~~[https://authy.com/download/ Authy] (Android, iOS, macOS, Windows),~~ [[:w:en:Google Authenticator\|Google Authenticator]] ([https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2&hl=en_GB Android] [https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/google-authenticator/id388497605?mt=8 iOS]) and authenticator apps from most other large tech firms</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[:w:en:Comparison of OTP applications\|General comparison of many common OTP applications]] which could be used as TOTP client for 2FA (English Wikipedia)</span> [[:w:en:Special:PermaLink/884895095#Authenticated_implementations\|other clients compared at English Wikipedia]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can also use a desktop client such as the [https://www.nongnu.org/oath-toolkit/ OATH Toolkit] (Linux, macOS via Homebrew), or [https://github.com/winauth/winauth WinAuth] (Windows). Keep in mind that if you log in from the computer used to generate TOTP codes, this approach does not protect your account if an attacker gains access to your computer.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Password managers such as ~~1Password,~~[https://bitwarden.com/ ~~LastPass~~Bitwarden], ~~and~~[https://keepass.info/ KeePass] and [https://proton.me/pass Proton Pass] also tend to support/have plugins to support TOTP. This bears the same limitations as the above, but may be worth looking into if you already use one for other things.</span> [[{{lm\|OATHAuth enable link\|png}}\|thumb\|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Overview of preferences section to enable two-factor authentication</span>]] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Go to [[Special:OATH]] '''on the project you hold one of the above rights on''' (this link is also available from your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal\|preferences]]). ''(For most users, this will not be here on the meta-wiki.)''</span> ~~[[{{lm\|OATHAuth enable link\|png}}\|thumb\|Overview of preferences section to enable two-factor authentication.]]~~ * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[Special:OATH]] presents you with a [[{{lwp\|QR code}}\|QR code]] containing the '''Two-factor account name''' and '''Two-factor secret key.''' This is needed to pair your client with the server.</span> * Go to [[Special:OATH]] '''on the project you hold one of the above rights on''' (this link is also available from your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal\|preferences]]). ''(For most users, this will not be here on the meta-wiki.)'' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Scan the QR code with, or enter the two-factor account name and key into, your TOTP client.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Enter the authentication code from your TOTP client into the OATH screen to complete the enrollment.</span> * [[Special:OATH]] presents you with a [[:w:en:QR code\|QR code]] containing the '''Two-factor account name''' and '''Two-factor secret key.''' This is needed to pair your client with the server. * Scan the QR code with, or enter the two-factor account name and key into, your TOTP client. {{Caution\|1=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">WARNING: You will also be presented with a series of 10 one-time [[#Recovery codes\|recovery codes]]. '''You should print and safely store a copy of this page'''. If you lose or have a problem with your TOTP client, you will be locked out of your account unless you have access to these codes.</span>}} * Enter the authentication code from your TOTP client into the OATH screen to complete the enrollment. {{Caution\|WARNING: You will also be presented with a series of 10 one-time scratch codes and a QR code to scan only one time. '''You should print and safely store a copy of this page'''. If you lose or have a problem with your TOTP client, you will be locked out of your account unless you have access to these codes or the QR code to set up a different device.}} {{clear}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Logging in == </div> ~~[[{{lm\|TOTP login\|png}}\|thumb\|right\|Login screen]]~~ [[{{lm\|TOTP login\|png}}\|thumb\|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Login screen</span>]] * Provide your username and password, and submit as before. <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Enter in a one-time six digit authentication code as provided by the TOTP client. Note: This code changes about every thirty seconds. * Provide your username and password, and submit as before. * Enter in a one-time six digit authentication code as provided by the TOTP client. Note: This code changes about every thirty seconds. If your code keeps getting rejected, check that the time on your device where your auth app is installed is correct. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Keep me logged in === </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If you choose this option when logging in, you normally will not need to enter an authentication code when using the same browser. Actions such as logging out or clearing the browser cache will require a code on your next login. If you choose this option when logging in, you normally will not need to enter an authentication code when using the same browser. Actions such as logging out or clearing browser cookies will require a code on your next login. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Some security sensitive actions, such as changing your email address or password, may require you to re-authenticate with a code even if you chose the keep-me-logged-in option. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === API access === </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Two-factor authentication is not utilized when using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:OAuth\|OAuth]] or [[Special:BotPasswords\|bot passwords]] to log in via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page\|API]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You may use OAuth or bot passwords to restrict API sessions to specific actions, while still using two-factor authentication to protect your full access. Please note, OAuth and bot passwords can not be used to log on interactively to the website, only to the API. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~~For example, tools like [[w:en:Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser\|AutoWikiBrowser]] (AWB) do not yet support two-factor authentication, but can use bot passwords.~~ For example, tools like [[{{lwp\|Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser}}\|AutoWikiBrowser]] (AWB) do not yet support two-factor authentication, but can use bot passwords. You may find [[{{lwp\|Wikipedia:Using AWB with 2FA}}\|further information on how to configure this]]. </div> {{clear}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Disabling two-factor authentication == </div> ~~[[{{lm\|LostOATH-2\|png}}\|thumb\|Unenrolling]]~~ [[{{lm\|LostOATH-2\|png}}\|thumb\|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unenrolling</span>]] {{Caution\|1=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you already have 2FA enabled, removing the permission that allows you to enroll in 2FA '''WILL NOT''' disable 2FA. You need to follow the process below to disable it.</span>}} ~~{{Caution\|~~ ~~If you already have 2FA enabled, removing the permission that allows you to enroll 2FA '''WILL NOT''' disable 2FA. You need to follow the process below to disable it.}}~~ * Go to [[Special:OATH]] or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal\|preferences]]. If you are no longer in groups that are permitted to enroll, you can still disable via [[Special:OATH]]. * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Go to [[Special:OATH]] or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal\|preferences]]. If you are no longer in groups that are permitted to enroll, you can still disable via [[Special:OATH]].</span> * On the <u>disable two-factor authentication</u> page, use your authentication device to generate a code to complete the process. * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">On the <u>disable two-factor authentication</u> page, use your authentication device to generate a code to complete the process.</span> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~~== Scratch codes ==~~ == Recovery codes == ~~[[{{lm\|Enroll-Step3\|png}}\|thumb\|OATH example scratch codes]]~~ </div> [[{{lm\|Enroll-Step3\|png}}\|thumb\|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">OATH example recovery codes</span>]] <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Cando matricules en dobre factor de autentificación, terás unha lista con cinco esfoladuras de códigos temporais. '''Fai o favor de imprimir esos códigos e gardalos en lugar seguro, cando no caso os necesites usar perdes o acceso ao dispositivo 2FA'''. Ven sendo importante anotar cada un deses códigos coma '''uso único'''; pode que nunca sexa utilizado e expire. Despois de usalo, tachalo cun boli ou outra marca como código expirado. Xera un novo xogo de códigos, necesitarás desactivar e rehabilitar dobre factor de autentificación. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===Disabling two-factor authentication without an authentication device=== </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> This may require '''two''' scratch codes: one to log in, and another to disable. Should you ever need to use any of your scratch codes, it is advisable to disable and re-enable to generate a fresh set of codes as soon as possible. This may require '''two''' recovery codes: one to log in, and another to disable. Should you ever need to use any of your recovery codes, it is advisable to disable and re-enable to generate a fresh set of codes as soon as possible. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Recovering from a lost or broken authentication device == </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If you have an existing 2FA device which has simply stopped generating the correct codes, check that its clock is reasonably accurate. Time-based OTP on our wikis has been known to fail with 2 minutes difference. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You will need access to the scratch codes that you were provided when enrolling in order to un-enroll from two-factor authentication. It will require you to use up to '''two''' scratch codes to accomplish this: You will need access to the recovery codes that you were provided when enrolling in order to un-enroll from two-factor authentication. It will require you to use up to '''two''' recovery codes to accomplish this: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * You need to be logged in. If you are not already logged in, this will require use of a scratch code. * You need to be logged in. If you are not already logged in, this will require use of a recovery code. * Visit [[Special:OATH]] and use a different scratch code to disable two-factor authentication. * Visit [[Special:OATH]] and use a different recovery code to disable two-factor authentication. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If you don't have enough scratch codes, you may contact [[Trust and Safety]] at ca{{@}}wikimedia.org to request removal of 2FA from your account (please send an email using your registered email address of your wiki account). You should also create a task on [[phab:\|Phabricator]] if you still have access to it. Please note, 2FA removal by staff is not always granted. If you don't have enough recovery codes, you may contact [[Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety\|Trust and Safety]] at ca{{@}}wikimedia.org to request removal of 2FA from your account (please send an email using your registered email address of your wiki account). You should also create a task on [[phab:\|Phabricator]] if you still have access to it. Please note, 2FA removal by staff is not always granted. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~~See [[wikitech:Password and 2FA reset#For users]] for instructions on requesting 2FA removal for your [[mw:Developer account\|Developer account]].~~ See [[wikitech:Password and 2FA reset#For users]] for instructions on requesting 2FA removal for your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer account\|Developer account]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Web Authentication Method == </div> ~~Please note, most of the directions on this page are specific to the TOTP method. The WebAuthn method is more experimental and currently has no recovery options (c.f. [[phab:T244348]]).~~ <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Please note, most of the directions on this page are specific to the TOTP method. The [[{{lwp\|WebAuthn}}\|WebAuthn]] method is more experimental and currently has no recovery options (cf. [[phab:T244348\|related developer task]]). WebAuthn has a known issue that you must make future logons on the same project that you initiate it from ([[phab:T244088\|tracking task]]). WebAuthn is not currently available for use via mobile apps ([[phab:T230043\|T230043]]). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == See also == </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * [[:w:en:Multi-factor authentication\|English Wikipedia article]] and [[d:Q7878662\|Wikidata item]] about the concept of multi-factor authentication * The [[:w:en:Multi-factor authentication\|concept of multi-factor authentication]] in the English Wikipedia and a [[d:Q7878662\|Wikidata item]] about it * [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/mediawiki-extensions-oathauth Known bugs and requested improvements] of Wikimedia's two-factor authentication are tracked in Phabricator. * [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/mediawiki-extensions-oathauth Known bugs and requested improvements] of Wikimedia's two-factor authentication are collaborated on and tracked in Phabricator * [[mw:Extension:OATHAuth\|OATHAuth]] is the MediaWiki extension used for this functionality * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:OATHAuth\|OATHAuth]] is the MediaWiki extension used for this functionality * [[mw:Wikimedia Security Team/Two-factor Authentication for CentralAuth wikis\|Wikimedia Security Team/Two-factor Authentication for CentralAuth wikis]] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication\|Help:Two-factor authentication]] in the MediaWiki.org </div> {{user groups}} [[Category:~~MediaWiki extensions~~Security{{#translation:}}~~\|Email confirmation~~]] [[Category:~~Security~~Handbook Wikimedia-specific]]