Chilnualna Falls and Columbretes Islands: Difference between pages

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The '''Columbretes Islands''' are a group of small uninhabited [[islet]]s of volcanic origin, in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], 30 [[nautical mile]]s off [[Oropesa del Mar]] in [[Castellón (province)|Castellón]] ([[Spain]]). The main islets are '''Illa Grossa''' (or '''Columbrete Grande'''), '''La Ferrera''', '''La Foradada''' and '''El Carallot'''. The added up emerged area of all four is around 0,19 km² and the highest peak 67 m.
{| class="infobox" style="width: 300px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; background-color: #CEDEFF;" | Chilnualna Falls
|-
! colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #CEDEFF;"| <div style="border: 1px solid #CEDEFF;">[[Image:Chilnualna_Falls_2006_view.JPG|July 2006]]</div> <center>Chilnualna July 2006</center>
|-
! style="width: 120px; text-align:left;"| '''Location:'''
| [[Yosemite National Park]], [[California]], [[United States]]
|-
| '''[[Waterfall#Types of waterfalls|Type:]]'''
| Tiered
|-
| '''Total Height''':
| 690 feet (210 m)
|-
| '''Longest Single Drop:'''
| 240 feet (73 m)
|-
| '''Number of Drops:'''
| 5
|-
| '''Average Flow Rate:'''
| unknown
|-
| '''World Height Ranking:'''
| 380
|}
 
Since 1988 the [[archipelago]] is a [[natural park]], appreciated by [[sea bird]]s as an optimal place for their reproductive activities. The local colony of [[Audouin's Gull]]s, a species listed as Near Threatened globally, is one of the most important in the world and key to the species ongoing recovery in the Spanish Mediterranean. This is also one of the few stable locations of [[Eleanora's Falcon]] in Spain.
'''Chilnualna Falls''' is a series of waterfalls totaling 690 feet (210 m), located on Chilnualna Creek in the southern section of [[Yosemite National Park]].
The submerged area is as much relevant in terms of conservation and it covers 400 km² where an important community of submarine wildlife thrives undisturbed. It became protected as a [[Marine reserve]] in 1990.
 
The largest island, '''Illa Grossa''', stands in the place of an ancient crater and so it shows a distinctive semi-circular pattern. There are no constructions in it, except for a jetty, a 19th-century lighthouse, and the installations used by the biologists working in the natural park.
The falls are a popular horseback riding destination. Chilnualna Falls consists of five tiers ranging from 30-300 feet (9-91 m) in height. The first tier is 90-120 feet (27-36 m) high. The second is a 30-foot (9 m) high cascade. there third and largest is 300 feet (91 m) high. The fourth is 60 feet (18 m) high. The final tier is a 180-210 foot (54-64 m) high cascade.
 
These islands were known by [[Greeks]] and [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] from ancient times, and were even mentioned by [[Strabo]] and [[Pliny the Elder]] among others. Those travellers were marveled at the astonishing amount of snakes inhabiting them. The names ''Ophiusa'' and ''Colubraria'' by which they were named (both meaning serpent in Greek and Latin, respectivelly) refer to that fact. It is from its Latin name Colubraria that the islands have their present denomination.
==External links==
* {{cite web | year = [[October 10]] [[2002]] | url = http://home.vr-web.de/eugen.winklharrer/waterfalls/california/cal_m309.htm | title = Chilnualna Falls | work = California Waterfalls | publisher = Yudschin Internet Publications | accessdate = April 24 | accessyear = 2006}}
 
Upon the construction of the lighthouse during mid-19th century in the Illa Grossa a tiny population was established in the main island for its maintenace and in order to deter contrabandists which used the islets as a refuge. Farm animals such as pigs were introduced. This, combined with aggressive practices such as the burning of the original bushy vegetation of the lighthouse island (partly for agricultural uses and also to deliberately deprive the vipers of their natural habitat), caused that the snakes had vanished from the islands by the turning of the century. The only testimony of that past abundance that remains today is a stuffed viper from the Columbretes in [[Madrid]]'s [[Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales]].
[[Category:Waterfalls of the United States]]
[[Category:Yosemite]]
 
Nowadays, after being given the natural park status, pigs were exterminated while the lighthouse is automatic, which reduces the human presence only to the one of biologists assigned to the park's management.
 
Due to its isolation, the islands are inhabited by an endemic species of small lizard. Besides, the islets are very important during Spring and Autumn [[bird migration]]s, since many different species use them as a brief stop in order to rest.
{{Yosemite-stub}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://parquesnaturales.gva.es/i/espnaturales.htm Official site of the Natural Park (in English)].
* [http://www.mapa.es/rmarinas/index_rm.htm Official site of the Spanish Marine Reserves, including the Columbretes (in Spanish)]
 
{{coor title dm|39|53|N|0|41|E|}}
 
[[Category:YosemiteIslands of Spain]]
[[Category:Natural parks of Spain]]
[[Category:Castellón province]]
[[Category:Lighthouses in Spain]]
[[ca:Illes Columbretes]]
[[de:Islas Columbretes]]
[[es:Islas Columbretes]]
[[fr:Îles Columbretes]]
[[uk:Колумбретес]]