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'''SMART Recovery''' ('''Self Management and Recovery Training''') is an international [[non-profit organization]] which provides assistance to individuals seeking abstinence from addictive behaviors. The approach used is [[secular]] and [[science]]-based using non-confrontational motivational, behavioral and [[cognitive]] methods. Meeting participants learn recovery methods derived from evidence-based addiction treatments. <ref>{{cite news | title=Religiosity and Participation in Self-Help Groups | date=2007-10-17 | publisher=The Walsh Group | url =http://www.jointogether.org/news/research/pressreleases/2007/religiosity-and-participation.html | accessdate = 2007-12-11}}</ref>

[[WP:COPYARTICLE]], old revision of [[SMART Recovery]]

==Methodology==

SMART Recovery is based on scientific knowledge, and is intended to evolve as scientific knowledge evolves.<ref>{{cite book | last = Steinberger | first = H. | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network,Inc.| year = 2004 | ___location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 1/Page5 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }}</ref> The program uses principles of [[motivational interviewing]] found in Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET),<ref>{{Cite book| first=W.R. | last=Miller| coauthors=et al.| contribution=Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.| title=Project MATCH Monograph Series| publisher=National Institute of Health | year=1995}}</ref> and techniques taken from [[Cognitive Behavior Therapy]] (CBT), particularly in the version called [[Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy]] (REBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hester & Miller | title = Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives | publisher = Allyn and Bacon | year = 2002 | ___location = University of Michigan | isbn = 0-205-36064-5 }}</ref>

The organization's program emphasizes four areas (called the 4-Point Program) in the process of recovery: Building Motivation, Coping with Urges, Problem Solving, and Lifestyle Balance.<ref>{{cite book | last = Shaw | first = BR | authorlink = | coauthors = et al. | title = Addiction & Recovery for Dummies | publisher = Wiley Publishing | year = 2005 | pages = 176–177 |isbn = 0-7645-7625-9}}</ref> The "SMART Toolbox" is a collection of various MET, CBT and REBT methods (or "tools") which address the 4 Points.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Comparing treatments for [[dual diagnosis]]: Twelve-Step and Self Management and Recovery Training |journal=American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |year=2003 |first=A.J. |last=Brooks |coauthors=Penn, P. E. |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=359–383 |doi=10.1081/ADA-120020519 |pmid=12765211}}</ref>

The program does not use the [[twelve-step program|twelve steps]] which make up the basis of the various "Anonymous" self-help groups (e.g. AA, NA, etc.) and is generally listed as an "Alternative to AA" or an "Alternative to the Twelve Steps."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Models of alcoholism used in treatment: Contrasting A.A. and other perspectives with which it is often confused |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol |year=1994 |first=W. R. |last=Miller |coauthors=Kurtz, E. |volume=55 |pages=159–166|pmid=8189736|issue=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Volpicelli | first = Joseph | coauthors = Maia Szalavitz | title = Recovery Options: The Complete Guide | publisher = Wiley Publishing | year = 2000 | pages = 149–151 | isbn = 0-471-34575-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=SMART Alternative Self-Help Groups Tackle Substance Abuse | publisher=Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | url =http://www.rwjf.org/reports/grr/027460s.htm | accessdate = 2007-12-12}}</ref> Though listed as an "alternative", it is also suggested as a possible "supplement" to twelve-step programs in SMART Recovery's main program publication, The SMART Recovery Handbook.<ref>{{cite book | last = Steinberger | first = H. | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network,Inc.| year = 2004 | ___location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 1/Page4 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }}</ref>

===The Stages of Change as a SMART Recovery Tool===

In the SMART Recovery program, there are seven stages of change:<ref name="handbookS2P8">{{cite book | last = Steinberger | first = H. | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network,Inc.| year = 2004 | ___location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 2/Page8 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }}</ref>

#'''Precontemplation''' - At this stage, the participant may not realize that they have a problem.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

#'''Contemplation''' - The participant evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the addiction by performing a cost/benefit analysis.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

#'''Determination/Preparation''' - The participant completes a Change Plan Worksheet.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

#'''Action''' - The participant seeks out new ways of handling their addiction behavior. This can include self-help, the support of addiction help group or professional guidance.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

#'''Maintenance''' - After a few months, the participant's behavior has been changed and now seeks to maintain their gains.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

#'''Relapse''' - Although not inevitable, relapses are a normal part of the change cycle and if handled well, can serve a learning experience in overcoming an addiction.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

#'''Termination''' - Once a participant has sustained a long period of change, they may choose to move on with their lives and "graduate" from SMART Recovery.<ref name="handbookS2P8" />

==History and Organization==

Incorporated in 1992 as the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Self-Help Network (ADASHN), the organization began operating under the SMART Recovery name in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_1_60/ai_59021330/pg_3 |title=Addiction Alternatives for Recovery |accessdate=2007-12-12 |last=Lemanski |first=Michael J. |year=2000 |work=The Humanist |publisher=University of Michigan Health System}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Humphreys | first = Keith | title = Circles of Recovery: Self-help Organizations for Addictions | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2003 | pages = 82–86 | isbn = 0-521-79277-0 }}</ref>

General operations are overseen by a volunteer Board of Directors, which initially included Dr. [[Marc Kern]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smartrecovery.org/resources/pdfs/bod2007c.pdf |title=Board of Directors 2007 |accessdate=2007-12-12|format=PDF}}</ref> Local groups are run by volunteers known as "Facilitators" with the assistance of volunteer recovery professionals called "Volunteer Advisors." A central office is currently maintained in [[Mentor, Ohio]].

SMART Recovery offers its services for free although a donation is requested and its publications are sold.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hovarth | first = A. Thomas | title = SMART Recovery Handbook | publisher = Alcohol & Drug Abuse Self-Help Network,Inc.| year = 2004 | ___location = Mentor Ohio | pages = Section 1/Page5 | isbn = 0-615-13135-2 }}</ref>

==Meetings==

The meetings are free for all wishing to attend, and are intended to be informational as well as supportive.<ref>{{cite book | last = Shaw | first = BR | coauthors = et al. | title = Addiction & Recovery for Dummies | publisher = Wiley Publishing | year = 2005 | ___location = | pages = 176–177 | isbn = 0-7645-7625-9}}</ref> Over 800 weekly group meetings led by volunteer facilitators are held worldwide.<ref>{{cite web | title=Source SMART Central office. This includes international groups in 7 countries. | url =http://www.smartrecovery.org | accessdate = 2013-06-03 }}</ref> In addition, the organization provides online resources and support to the volunteers and those attending the groups and one or more daily online meetings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smartrecovery.org/meetings/olschedule.htm |title=Online Meeting Schedule |accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref>

Meetings are also held in correctional facilities in many states including: Arizona, California, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartrecovery.org |title=Source - SMART Central Office |accessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref>

==Family & Friends==

''SMART Family & Friends'' is an online support group for Concerned Significant Others (CSOs) of people with addiction. The group was started in September 2010. Its purpose is to address specific issues encountered when a family member or friend tries to reach out and help a loved one <ref>[http://www.smartrecovery.org/resources/family.htm For Family & Friends] SMART Recovery website. Retrieved 2010-10-18.</ref> and it draws from the work of Robert Meyers' CRAFT [[Community reinforcement and family training]] program which differs significantly from Alanon in that it is a behavioral program which advocates that the CSO can have a positive impact on the substance abuser. Further, the CRAFT program has been demonstrated in Meyers' research to be more effective than the Vernon Johnson type intervention or Alanon, with less negative side-effects and better outcomes, whether or not the substance abuser enters treatment. <ref> Smith, J.E. & Meyers, R.J. (2004)Motivating Substance Abusers to Enter Treatment: Working with Family Members; Guilford Press </ref> <ref> Meyers, RJ & Wolfe, B. (2004) Get Your Loved One Sober: Alternative to Nagging, Pleading and Threatening by Meyers, Hazelden Press </ref>

==Recognition==

SMART is recognized by the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Substance Abuse--How To Recognize It |journal=American Family Physician |date=2003-04-01 |volume=67 |issue=7 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20030401/1535ph.html |accessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref> as well as the [[National Institute on Drug Abuse]] (NIDA)<ref>{{cite news |title=Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide | publisher=National Institute on Drug Abuse | url =http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODAT6.html#FAQ9 | accessdate = 2007-12-12 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070910224134/http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODAT6.html#FAQ9 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-09-10}}</ref> and the [[National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism]] (NIAAA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ncadistore.samhsa.gov/catalog/referrals.aspx?topic=83&h=resources |title=Alcohol and Drug Information |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=US Dept of Health and Human Services }}</ref> NIDA and NIAAA are agencies of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), a component of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]].

==See also==

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-2}}

*[[Addiction recovery groups]]

*[[Alcoholism]]

*[[Cognitive Behavior Therapy]]

*[[Drug addiction]]

{{Col-2}}

*[[LifeRing Secular Recovery]]

*[[Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy]]

*[[Rational Recovery]]

*[[Secular Organizations for Sobriety]]

*[[Women For Sobriety]]

{{Col-end}}

==References==

{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==

{{refbegin}}

*Brown JM. (1998) ''Self-Regulation and the Addictive Behaviors.'' in Treating Addictive Behaviors, 2nd ed. Miller WR & Heather N. eds. Plenum Press, NY. ISBN 0-306-45852-7

*Ellis A. & Velten E. (1992) ''Rational Steps To Quitting Alcohol: When AA Doesn't Work For You.'' Barricade Books, NY. ISBN 0-942637-53-4

*Gerstein J. (1998) ''Rational Recovery, SMART Recovery and non-twelve step recovery programs.'' In Principles Of Addiction Medicine, 2nd ed. [[American Society of Addiction Medicine]], Chevy Chase ISBN 1-880425-08-4

*Mattson ME. (1998) ''Finding the Right Approach.'' in Miller WR & Heather N. Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2nd ed. Plenum Press, NY. ISBN 0-306-45852-7

*Myers PL. (2002) ''Beware of the Man of One Book: Processing Ideology in Addictions Education.'' J of Teaching in the Addictions. pp 1:69-90

*Vuchinich RE & Tucker JA. (1998) ''Choice, Behavioral Economics, and Addictive Behavior Patterns.'' in Treating Addictive Behaviors ISBN 0-306-45852-7

*Whittinghill D., et al. ''The benefits of a self-efficacy approach to substance abuse counseling in the era of managed care.'' J Addictions & Offender Counseling. 2000; 20:64-74

*{{cite journal |author=Brooks, A. J., & Penn, P. E. |year=2003 |title=Comparing treatments for dual diagnosis: Twelve-step and Self-Management and Recovery Training |journal=American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=359–383 |doi=10.1081/ADA-120020519 |pmid=12765211}}

{{refend}}

==External links==

*[http://www.smartrecovery.org SMART Recovery Website]

*[http://www.smartrecovery.ca/program.html SMART Recovery Canada]

*[http://www.smartrecovery.co.uk SMART Recovery UK]

*[http://www.smartrecoveryaustralia.com.au SMART Recovery Australia]

*[http://www.smartrecoverynyc.org SMART Recovery NYC (New York City)]

*{{worldcat id|id=nc-smart+recovery}}

[[:Category:Non-profit organizations based in the United States]]

[[:Category:Support groups]]

[[:Category:Organizations established in 1992]]

[[:Category:Mentor, Ohio]]

[[:Category:Personal development]]

[[:Category:Positive mental attitude]]

[[:Category:Psychosocial rehabilitation]]

[[:Category:Addiction and substance abuse organizations]]