Naval ranks and insignia of Russia and Kippumjo: Difference between pages
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{{koreanname
| context = north
| hangul = 기쁨조
| hanja = 기쁨[[wikt:組|組]]
| rr = Gippeumjo}}
The '''''Gippeumjo''''' (translated variously as "Pleasure Group," "Pleasure Groups," "Pleasure Squad," "Pleasure Brigade," "Joy Brigades," or "Joy Brigade") is a collection of groups of approximately 2,000 women between the ages of 13 and 40 (although most are believed to be between 18 and 25), which are maintained by the [[Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea|head of state]] of [[North Korea]] for the purpose of providing pleasure and entertainment for high-ranking [[Workers' Party of Korea]] (WPK) officials and their families, as well as occasionally also distinguished guests.
The ''Gippeumjo'' was established in 1978, during the administration of [[Kim Il-sung]], with the first group being recruited by Lee Dong Ho, the First Vice Director of the Department of United Front of the WPK, for the purpose of entertaining Kim at the Munsu Chodaeso (문수 초대소<!--hangul needs to be verified-->;Munsu Guesthouse). The recruiting and training of ''Gippeumjo'' are currently administered by the Fifth Department of Staff of the Organic Direction of the Party and continues to be maintained by his son, [[Kim Jong-il]].<ref name="womansvoice">{{cite web |url= http://www.awomansvoice.org/nl1-2004-2.html |title= Intervention Agenda Item 13: Rights of Children; UN Commission on human rights |accessdate=2007-02-08 |author= Jeong, Ji Sun|date= [[April 6]], [[2004]]|publisher= A Woman's Voice International}}</ref>
Each "pleasure group" is composed of three "teams":
#''Manjokjo'' (hangul: {{lang|ko-Hang|만족조}}; hanja: {{lang|ko-Hant|[[wikt:滿|滿]][[wikt:足|足]][[wikt:組|組]]}}) – a "satisfaction team" (which provides sexual services)
#''Haengbokjo'' (hangul: {{lang|ko-Hang|행복조}}; hanja: {{lang|ko-Hant|[[wikt:幸|幸]][[wikt:福|福]]組}}) – a "happiness team" (which provides [[massage]]s)
#''Gamujo'' (hangul: {{lang|ko-Hang|가무조}}; hanja: {{lang|ko-Hant|[[wikt:歌|歌]][[wikt:舞|舞]]組}}) – a "dancing and singing team" (whose members are sometimes asked to [[Striptease|dance semi-nude]])<ref name="womansvoice"/><ref name="Becker">{{cite news |first=Jasper |last=Becker |title=North Korea: At Home With the Kims |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/EJ11Dg04.html |publisher=[[Asia Times]] |date=[[October 11]], [[2003]] |accessdate=2007-02-08 }}</ref>
Girls from throughout the country are recruited to be ''Gippeumjo'' members according to government criteria (one of which is that they must be [[virginity|virgins]]). After being selected, they undergo a rigorous training period, with some ''Haengbokjo'' members being sent overseas for massage training.<ref name="womansvoice"/>
The first two syllables of the name, ''gippeum'', means “joy” in [[Korean language|Korean]]. Kim Il-sung is believed to have established this corps of women in the belief that having sexual relations with young women would have the effect of enhancing his [[life force]], or ''[[Qi|gi]]'' (hangul: {{lang|ko-Hang|기}}; hanja: {{lang|ko-Hant|[[wikt:氣|氣]]}}; no relation to the ''gi'' in ''gippeum'').<ref name="Martin">{{cite news |first=Sano |last=Yoel |title=The Kims' North Korea: ''Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty'' by Bradley K Martin |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GF04Dg03.html |work=Book review |publisher=Asia Times |date= [[June 4]], [[2005]]|accessdate=2007-02-08 }}</ref> ''Gippeumjo'' members typically "retire" at age 22 or 25, at which time they are often married to other members of North Korea's elite, and their former membership in the ''Gippeumjo'' is kept secret.<ref name="womansvoice"/><ref name="Martin"/>
Little is known outside North Korea about the ''Gippeumjo'', but information has gradually emerged through the testimony of [[North Korean defectors|North Koreans who have defected to the West]].
==References==
===General===
<div class="references-small">
*Martin, Bradley K. (2004). ''Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty''. New York, New York, United States: Thomas Dunne Books. Hardcover: ISBN 978-0312322212; Paperback: ISBN 978-0312323226.
===Specific===
<references/>
</div>
==External links==
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501030721-464475,00.html "Dirty Details"], by Bryan Walsh, from ''TIME'' magazine, [[July 14]], [[2003]]
* [http://www.gather.com/viewArticle.jsp?articleId=281474976812314 "The Dear Leader Unmasked"]
==See also==
* [[Comfort women]]
* [[Harem]]
[[Category:North Korea]]
[[Category:1978 establishments]]
[[Category:Erotic dance]]
[[Category:Massage]]
[[ja:喜び組]]
[[ko:기쁨조]]
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