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Sorry but this is realy hard to get whats the use of this stuff. So it would be good to link it to nonlinear optics and give some more words about the numbers and the picture you give.[[User:Stone|Stone]] 18:06, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
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[[Image:Porsche_logo.png|none|Porsche Logo]]
[[Image:Porsche_912.jpg|thumb|250px|The Porsche 912, a Porsche of the 1960s]]
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I think this should be moved to [[Cesium Lithium Borate]]
'''Porsche''' (''Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG''),(pronounced "porsh-huh") is a [[Germany|German]] manufacturer of [[sports car]]s, founded in [[1931]] by [[Ferdinand Porsche]], the [[engineer]] who created the first [[Volkswagen]]. The company is located in Zuffenhausen, a city district of [[Stuttgart]].
Porsche has a reputation for producing high-end sports vehicles that, despite their high performance, are reliable and tractable enough to be used for daily driving, and of high manufacturing quality and durability. This reputation is contrasted with that of [[Ferrari]], their main competitor, whose machines are famous for their greater design flair but without the reliability.
Porsche has for many years offered consultancy services to various other car manufacturers. [[Studebaker]], [[SEAT]], [[Daewoo]] and [[Subaru]] have consulted Porsche on engineering for their cars. Porsche also helped Harley-Davidson design their new engine in their newer V-Rod motorcycle.
The headquarters and main factory are still at [[Stuttgart]]-Zuffenhausen, but for the Cayenne and Carrera GT there is a new plant at [[Leipzig]]. Some Boxster and Cayman production is outsourced to [[Valmet|Valmet Automotive]] in [[Finland]].
<br>
== History ==
The first Porsche, the [[Porsche 64]] from [[1938]], used many components from the [[Volkswagen Beetle]]. The second Porsche model, the [[Porsche 356]] [[sports car]] of [[1948]], was initially built in Gmünd, [[Austria]], where the company was evacuated to during war times, but after building 49 cars the company relocated back to Zuffenhausen. Many people regard the 356 as the first Porsche simply because it was the first model ''sold'' by the fledgling company. [[Ferdinand Porsche]] worked with his son [[Ferry Porsche]] in designing the 356 but died soon after the first prototype was built. Again, the car used components from the Beetle including its [[internal combustion engine|engine]], [[gearbox]] and [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]]. However, the 356 had several evolutions while in production and many VW parts were replaced by Porsche-made parts. The last 356s were powered by 100% Porsche designed engines. The sleek bodywork was designed by [[Erwin Komenda]] who had also designed the body of the Beetle.
In [[1963]], after some success in [[motor-racing]], the company launched the [[Porsche 911]], another air-cooled, rear-engined sportscar, this time with a 6-cylinder [[flat engine|"boxer" engine]]. The car, which is still in production, has become their most well-known model, successful on the race-track, in [[rallying|rallies]], and in terms of sales. Far more than any other model, the Porsche brand is defined by the 911. A cost-reduced model with the same body but 356-derived running gear (including its four-cylinder engine) was sold as the 912.
The company has always had a close relationship with [[Volkswagen]], and as already mentioned, the first Porsche cars used many Volkswagen components. The two companies collaborated in [[1969]] to make the [[Porsche 914|VW-Porsche 914 and 914-6]], in [[1976]] with the [[Porsche 924]], which used many [[Audi]] components and was built at an Audi factory. The [[Porsche Cayenne]], introduced in [[2002]], shares the entire body with [[VW Touareg]], which are built at the [[Skoda_Auto|Škoda]] factory in [[Bratislava]]. Both [[Audi]] and [[Skoda_Auto|Škoda]] are wholly-owned subsidiaries of [[VW]].
Ferdinand Porsche's grandson, [[Ferdinand Piëch]], was chairman and CEO of the Volkswagen Group from [[1993]] to [[2002]]. With half of all voting shares, he also remains the largest individual shareholder of Porsche AG.
Porsche's 2002 introduction of the [[Cayenne]] also marked the unveiling of a new production facility in [[Leipzig]], [[Saxony]], which today accounts for nearly half of Porsche's annual output.
In [[2004]], production of the [[Porsche Carrera GT]] commenced in Leipzig, and at EUR 450,000.00 it's the most expensive Porsche ever built.
The Porsche 911 Turbo is alimented by twin turbos, which produce 16 psi or extra thrust, propelling the engine to a monstrous 445 hp.
== Motor-racing ==
Porsche has been successful in many branches of [[motor-racing]], scoring a total of more than 23,000 victories. Particular success has been in [[sportscar racing]], notably the [[24 hours of Le Mans]] where they have won 16 times (more than any other company), and in the [[Paris Dakar Rally]]. Many Porsche race cars have also been run successfully at Le Mans and in other races by "private" teams, financed and run without any factory support. Recently, [[Porsche 996|996-generation 911]] GT3s have won in their class at Le Mans.
Porsche has also participated in [[Formula One]] racing, with mixed results; its first foray (as a [[List_of_Formula_One_constructors|constructor]]) from [[1958 Formula One season|1958]] to [[1964 Formula One season|1964]] produced just a single race win, claimed by [[Dan Gurney]] at the [[1962 French Grand Prix]]. Porsche returned in [[1983 Formula One season|1983]] after nearly two decades away, supplying engines badged as [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] units for the [[Team McLaren|McLaren]] Team. Porsche powered cars took two constructor championships in [[1984 Formula One season|1984]] and [[1985 Formula One season|1985]] and three driver crowns in [[1984 Formula One season|1984]], [[1985 Formula One season|1985]] and [[1986 Formula One season|1986]]. Porsche returned to F1 again in [[1991 Formula One season|1991]] as an engine supplier, however this time with disastrous results: Porsche-powered [[Arrows|Footwork]] cars failed to score a single point, and failed to even qualify for over half the races that year; Porsche has not participated in Formula One since.
'''Major Victories and Championships'''
* 14 Makes and Team World Championship ''(1964, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1994)''
* 8 Long Distance World Championship
* 3 IMSA Supercar-Series ''(1991, 1992, 1993)''
* 6 [[Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft|German Racing Championship]] ''(1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985)''
* 20 European Hill Climbing Championship
* 3 Formula 1 Driver World Championship ''(1984, 1985, 1986)''
* 2 Formula 1 Constructor World Championhip ''(1984, 1985)''
* 26 Formula 1 victories ''(1962, 1 win; 1984, 12 wins; 1985, 6 wins; 1986, 4 wins; 1987, 3 wins)''
* 20 Daytona 24 Hour ''(1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1995, 2003)''
* 15 IMSA Supercar-Race (USA)
* 16 Le Mans 24 Hour ''(1970, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998)''
* 17 Sebring 12 Hour ''(1960, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988)''
* 11 Targa Florio ''(1956, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973)''
* 4 Rallye Monte Carlo ''(1968, 1969, 1970, 1978)''
* 2 Paris-Dakar Rallye ''(1984, 1986)''
== Models ==
See: [[:Category:Porsche vehicles]]
=== Tractors ===
* [[Porsche Type 110]]
* [[Porsche AP Series]]
* [[Porsche Junior]] (14 hp)
* [[Porsche Standard]] (25 hp)
* [[Porsche Super]] (38 hp)
* [[Porsche Master]] (50 hp)
* [[Porsche 312]]
=== Consumer models ===
*[[Porsche 356]]
*[[Porsche 550 Spyder]]
*[[Porsche 911]]
**[[Porsche 930]] (1975-1989 911 Turbo)
**[[Porsche 964]] (1989-1994)
***[[Porsche 965]] (964 Turbo)
**[[Porsche 993]] (1994 - 1998)
**[[Porsche 996]] (1998 - 2005)
**[[Porsche 997]] (From 2005)
*[[Porsche 912]] (1.6-liter 911)
*[[Porsche 914|Porsche 914 and 914-6]]
Porsche 912E (1976 USA model only)
*[[Porsche 924]]
**[[Porsche 931]] (924 Turbo)
*[[Porsche 928]]
*[[Porsche 944]]
**[[Porsche 951]] (944 Turbo)
*[[Porsche 959]]
*[[Porsche 968]]
*[[Porsche Boxster]] (986 and 987)
*[[Porsche Cayenne]]
*[[Porsche Carrera GT]]
*[[Porsche Cayman]]
*[[Porsche Panamera]]
=== Racing models ===
*[[Porsche 64]]
*[[Porsche 360]] (Cisitalia)
*[[Porsche 550]]
*[[Porsche 718 RSK]]
*[[Porsche 718 F2]]
*[[Porsche 804 F1]]
*[[Porsche W-RS]] (Spyder)
*[[Porsche 904]]
*[[Porsche 906]] (Carrera 6)
*[[Porsche 907]]
*[[Porsche 908]]
*[[Porsche 909]] (Bergspyder)
*[[Porsche 910]]
*[[Porsche 917]]
*[[Porsche 934]]
*[[Porsche 935]]
*[[Porsche 936]]
*[[Porsche 924]] (Racing versions)
*[[Porsche 954]]
*[[Porsche 956]]/[[Porsche 962|962]]
*[[Porsche 944]] (Racing versions)
*[[Porsche 959]] (Rally)
*[[Porsche 961]]
*[[Porsche Indy March]] (89P and 90P)
*[[Porsche 966]]
*[[TWR-Porsche]]
*[[Porsche 911 GT1]]
*[[Porsche RS Spyder]]
*[[Porsche 911]] (Racing versions)
=== Prototypes and concept cars===
*[[Porsche 114]]
*[[Porsche 356/1]]
*[[Porsche 695]] (911 prototype)
*[[Porsche 901]] (911 prototype)
*[[Porsche 916]] (flat-6 914)
*[[Porsche 959 Prototype]]
*[[Porsche 942]]
*[[Porsche 969]]
*[[Porsche Panamericana]]
*[[Porsche 989]]
*[[Porsche Varrera]]
*[[Porsche Boxster Concept]]
*[[Porsche Carrera GT Concept]]
*[[Porsche E2]]
==Pronunciation of "Porsche"==
In German "Porsche" is pronounced ''porsh-uh'' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] 'pɔrʃʌ). In English, the German form is often heard from official Porsche sources and from some Porsche owners and enthusiasts. Outside of these groups however, the pronunciation ''porsh'' (IPA pɔrʃ) is standard.
There is a habit in American English towards over-compensating the ''e'', which then results into pronouncing it as ''Pors-scha'' (IPA 'pɔrʃʃɑ).
* [http://german.about.com/library/weekly/aa020401b.htm The correct pronunciation of 'Porsche']
==See also==
*[[List of Porsche engines]]
==Subsidiaries==
* [[CTS Car Top Systems]]
==External links==
*[http://www.porsche.com/ Porsche official web site]
*[http://www.us.porsche.com/english/usa/home.htm Porsche USA]
*[http://www.us.porsche.com/cayman/pcna.asp Official Cayman Special]
*[http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Porsche/ The Porsche category at Open Directory Project]
*[http://auto-kraftfahrzeug.de/hersteller_Porsche.html Technical specifications for most Porsche vehicles]
*[http://vista.pca.org/stl/models.htm Information on Porsche production models]
*[http://www.mechanical-songs.com/ Porsche engine sounds gallery]
*[http://www.renntech.org Renntech - Porsche Technical Forum]
*[http://www.flat-6.net Flat6 - Porsche models information and forum]
*[http://www.rennlist.com Rennlist - Biggest Porsche forum]
*[http://www.rennteam.com Rennteam - The place for finding out the latest Porsche news]
*[http://www.pca.org/ PCA - Porsche Club of America]
*[http://www.total911.com Total 911 - A new Porsche 911 magazine]
*[http://www.championmotorsport.com Champion Motorsport - Porsche Motorsport site]
[[Category:German automobile manufacturers]]
[[Category:Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Porsche]]
[[Category:Saxony]]
[[Category:Formula One constructors]]
[[de:Porsche]]
[[fr:Porsche]]
[[he:פורשה]]
[[nl:Porsche]]
[[id:Porsche]]
[[ja:ポルシェ]]
[[no:Porsche]]
[[pl:Porsche]]
[[sv:Porsche]]
[[tr:Porsche]]
[[zh:保时捷]]
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