Ido and Dragon (Inheritance): Difference between pages

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{{otheruses4|Dragons in the [[Inheritance trilogy]]|Dragons in general|Dragon}}

[[Image:Ido.jpg|right|Ido seal]]

{{fiction}}

'''Ido''' is a [[constructed language]]. It was developed in the early [[1900s]], and still has a small following today, primarily in [[Europe]]. It is largely based on [[Esperanto]], created by [[L. L. Zamenhof|L. L. Zamenhof]].

'''Dragons''' are an intelligent race that inhabit [[Alagaësia]], a fictional [[fantasy (genre)|fantasy world]] created by [[Christopher Paolini]]. They are a key part of the ''[[Inheritance Trilogy]]'', in which dragons are a nearly extinct and magical race.

{{spoiler}}

The name of the language can have its origin in the Ido pronunciation of "I.D." (from "International Delegation", see below) or the word ''[[esperantido|ido]]'', "descendant (of Esperanto)".

== Overview ==

Dragons have lived in [[Alagaësia]] since ancient times with the [[Alagaësia#Dwarves|Dwarves]]. The skin of a Dragon is nearly impenetrable, though the thin membrane of the wings can be easily pierced. Their scales glitter like gems, although each Dragon only has one scale color. They also have the same eye color as their scales, and their teeth and neck spikes are bone white. The Dragons breath flame the color of their scales, and some can impressively hold the flame for over an hour. The older the dragon grows, the longer they can hold the flame. They never stop growing until their death.

[[Image:Eragon_Saphira_Poster.jpg|250px|thumb|300px|Saphira, the dragon protagonist of the series, as shown in the [[Eragon (film)|film version]] of ''Eragon''.]]

Since the Dragons are bound to Alagaësia, they possess magical properties. Strange things seem to happen around Dragons - people live longer, the earth changes, and things of that nature, yet no one knows how it happens. It is possible these things happen because the Dragon's magic, which permeates every inch of their body. They cannot willingly use their magic, except for their fire. However, when using magic, their strength is unparalleled.

== History ==

== Comparison with Esperanto ==

Before the formation of the Dragon Riders, a young elf hunted and killed a dragon like it was a common animal. The Dragons banded together and furiously attacked the Elves, leading into war.

{{language|name=Ido|nativename=Ido

|familycolor=black

|fontcolor=white

|states=Worldwide

|region=—

|speakers=est. 2500 to 6000 (all as a second language)

|rank=''Not in top 100''

|family=[[Constructed language]]

|nation=No [[List of countries|nation]], but spoken world-wide. Most speakers are from European countries, particularly [[Germany]] and [[France]]

|agency=[[Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido]]

|iso1=io|iso2=|sil=|iso3=}}

Five years into the war, an Elf called [[Eragon I|Eragon]] found a white Dragon egg and raised the hatchling within, naming him Bid'Daum ; it was they who stopped the war, allowing peace to follow. In order to prevent another war, the Dragons connected their souls with the Elves, changing both races. Dragons gained the use of language and other trappings of civilization, as well as becoming less fierce. Since Humans came afterwards, the Human Riders were never affected by the Dragons as greatly as the Elves were.

Ido inherits many of the same grammatical features of Esperanto, and in many cases the vocabulary is similar. Ido shares with Esperanto the goals of grammatical simplicity and consistency, ease of learning, and the use of [[loanword]]s from various European languages. The two languages, to a great extent, are mutually intelligible. However, certain changes were introduced to address some of the concerns that had arisen about Esperanto. These include:

== As mounts for Dragon Riders ==

* Esperanto's [[alphabet]] uses six non-Latin letters, three of which are not found in any other existing language; as a result, Esperanto in typing and in internet e-mail and newsgroups frequently resorts to any of several schemes to represent these special letters. This leads to the situation where the same word may be displayed any of several different ways. Ido addresses this issue by using the 26-letter [[Latin alphabet]], with two digraphs "ch" (/tS/) and "sh" (/S/). ''qu'' represents /kw/, as in English "quick", is used instead of Esperanto ''kv'', and likewise ''gu'' is used instead of ''gv''. Ido orthography is phonetic in the sense that each written word has an unambiguous pronunciation, but it does not have the one-to-one correspondence between letters and phonemes that Esperanto has.

The few Humans and Elves who ride Dragons like the Elf [[Eragon I]] are aptly called [[Dragon Riders]]. Dragons give their Riders "shining palms," a silver mark, or the "[[gedwey ignasia]]" as a result of the first physical contact between rider and dragon. Dragons communicate telepathically with their Riders, and house incredible magic that can combine with that of the Rider. Dragons are immortal and can also allow their Riders to be nearly immortal; old age will seldom kill them, although wounds or poison can. Over time the link between the dragon and rider will change the rider's appearance.

== major dragons==

{{in-universe}}

* For reasons of grammatical simplicity, Ido generally does not impose rules of grammatical [[agreement (linguistics)|agreement]] between grammatical categories within a sentence, since these are redundant. For example, in Esperanto, the verb in a sentence is invariable regardless of the number and person of the subject. But this principle was not extended in Esperanto to adjectives and nouns; as a result, in Esperanto, an adjective must agree in number and case with the noun it modifies. There is no such requirement in English, for example, where number is emphasized by variation of the verb, and Ido eliminates this feature from its grammar.

{{Inheritance Character box|

image= [[Image:eldest2japan.jpg|200px]]<br><small>Glaedr as painted by [[John Jude Palencar]] on the cover of the second Japanese volume of ''Eldest''||

name=Glaedr|

gender=Male|

hair=none|

eyes=Gold|

race=[[dragons (Inheritance)|Dragon]]|

loyalty=[[Oromis (character)|Oromis]]|

appearance=''Eldest''|}}

{{spoiler}}

* Esperanto requires the use of the ''-n'' ending to signify the use of the [[accusative case]]. Ido allows the use of this feature in ambiguous situations where the object of a sentence does not follow the subject, but in all other situations the accusative case was eliminated as redundant.

'''Glaedr''' (Pronounced Glay-Dur) is a male golden [[Dragon (Inheritance)|dragon]] in [[Christopher Paolini]]'s ''[[Inheritance (trilogy)|Inheritance Trilogy]]''. He first appears in ''[[Eldest]]'', the second book of the trilogy. His [[Dragon Riders|Rider]] is [[Oromis]], who also is called ''Osthato Chetowä''—"The Mourning Sage" and ''Togira Ikonoka'' - "The Cripple Who Is Whole."

* Ido imposes consistent rules on the use of endings to transform a word from one meaning or part of speech to another, thus simplifying the amount of vocabulary memorization that is necessary.

* Ido, unlike Esperanto, does not assume the male sex as the default for family relationship words, and thus does not, for example, derive the word for "sister" by adding a feminine suffix to the word for "brother", as standard Esperanto does. Instead, some relationship root words are defined as sex-neutral, and two different suffixes derive masculine and feminine specific words from the root (frato (sibling) > fratulo (brother), fratino (sister)). In other cases, Ido has two or three root words where Esperanto has one (genitoro (parent), patro (father), matro (mother)).

* The Ido vocabulary attempts to use [[cognate]]s that are shared in common by as many of its source languages as possible.

== [[Phonology]] ==

Ido has the same typical five-vowel system (a, e, i, o, u have their [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] values) as Esperanto, and most of the same consonants, omitting two consonant phonemes used by Esperanto, IPA {{IPA|/x/}} and {{IPA|/d&#658;/}}. (The distinctions between {{IPA|/x/ : /h/}} and between {{IPA|/d&#658;/ : /&#658;/}} carry a very low functional load in Esperanto, and so were deemed to be unnecessary in Ido.)

The accent rule in Ido is regular, but slightly more complex than that of Esperanto: all polysyllables are stressed on the penultimate syllable except for verb [[infinitive]]s, which are stressed on the ultimate syllable - '''sko'''lo, ka'''fe'''o and '''ler'''nas for 'school', 'coffee' and 'learn', but i'''rar''', sa'''var''', and drin'''kar''' for 'to go', 'to know', and 'to drink'.

<!--

...should describe phoneme inventory, in itself, then by contrast with Esperanto...

-->

== Grammar ==

Each word in the Ido vocabulary is built from a root word. A root word consists of a root and a grammatical ending. Other words can be formed from that word by removing the grammatical ending and adding a new one, or by inserting certain [[affix]]es between the root and the grammatical ending. As with Esperanto, Ido is grammatically invariable; there are no exceptions in Ido, unlike in natural languages.

Some of the grammatical endings are defined as follows:

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Noun|Singular noun]]</td><td>'''-o'''</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Noun|Plural noun]]</td><td>'''-i''' - "-oj" in Esperanto</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Adjective]]</td><td>'''-a''' (irar)</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Adverb]]</td><td>'''-e''' (irar)</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Infinitive|Past tense infinitive]]</td><td>'''-ir''' (irir) - does not exist in Esperanto</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Infinitive|Future tense infinitive]]</td><td>'''-or''' (iror) - does not exist in Esperanto</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Present tense|Present]]</td><td>'''-as''' (iras)</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Past tense|Past]]</td><td>'''-is''' (iris)</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Future tense|Future]]</td><td>'''-os''' (iros)</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Imperative]]</td><td>'''-ez''' (irez) - "-u" in Esperanto</td></tr>

<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[Conditional mood|Conditional]]</td><td>'''-us''' (irus)</td></tr>

</table>

These are the same as in Esperanto except for ''-i'', ''-ir''/''-ar''/''-or'' and ''-ez''. Esperanto marks noun plurals by an ''agglutinative'' ending ''-j'' (so plural nouns end in ''-oj''), uses ''-i'' for verb infinitives (Esperanto infinitives are tenseless), and uses ''-u'' for the imperative.

===[[Pronoun]]s===

The pronouns of Ido were revised to make them more acoustically distinct than those of Esperanto, which all end in ''i''. Especially the singular and plural first person pronouns ''mi'' and ''ni'' may be difficult to distinguish in a noisy environment, so Ido has ''me'' and ''ni'' instead. Ido also distinguishes between intimate (''tu''), formal (''vu'') second-person singular pronouns and plural second-person pronoun (''vi''), not marked for intimacy. Furthermore, Ido has an [[epicene]] third-person animate pronoun ''lu'' in addition to its masculine (''il''), feminine (''el''), and inanimate (''ol'') third-person pronouns.

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"

|+'''Pronouns'''

|rowspan="3"|

!colspan="7"|singular

!colspan="3"|plural

!rowspan="3"|indefinite

|-

!rowspan="2"|first

!colspan="2"|second

!colspan="4"|third

!rowspan="2"|first

!rowspan="2"|second

!rowspan="2"|third

|-

!familiar

!formal

!masculine

!feminine

!inanimate

!epicene

|-

!English

|align="center"|I

|align="center" colspan="2"|you

|align="center"|he

|align="center"|she

|align="center"|it

|align="center"|s/he

|align="center"|we

|align="center"|you

|align="center"|they

|align="center"|one

|-

!Esperanto

|align="center"|mi

|align="center" colspan="2"|vi

|align="center"|li

|align="center"|&#349;i

|align="center"|&#285;i

|align="center"|&#285;i¹

|align="center"|ni

|align="center"|vi

|align="center"|ili

|align="center"|oni

|-

!Ido

|align="center"|me

|align="center"|tu

|align="center"|vu

|align="center"|il(u)

|align="center"|el(u)

|align="center"|ol(u)

|align="center"|lu

|align="center"|ni

|align="center"|vi

|align="center"|li

|align="center"|on(u)

|}

¹ ''tiu'', although not a pronoun, is often used in this circumstance.

<!--

much more about Ido grammar can be explained here, such as affixes, references to the history of the language

-->

==The Ido speaker community==

The vast majority of Ido speakers find out about the language after learning about Esperanto, and so the percentage of Idists who know Esperanto is much higher than vice-versa. The largest number of Ido speakers are in the countries of [[Germany]], [[France]], and [[Spain]], though there seem to be at least a few Ido speakers in most countries of the world.

It is also necessary to distinguish between the number of Ido ''speakers'' and Ido ''supporters''. Ido resembles Esperanto, and many Esperantists have learned Ido out of curiosity while still not using it, preferring to support the more well-known Esperanto movement instead. It is possible to find tri-lingual discussions on the internet in English, Esperanto and Ido, each understanding the other with little problem.

A number of Esperantists viewed the schism of Ido as a mixed blessing and a number of writings show that some were inversely glad to see those who were interested only in creating a perfect language by constantly reforming it leave the fold so that those remaining could work on using and promoting the language itself. However, these 'constant reformers' eventually moved on to other reform projects, none of which survived much beyond the deaths of the authors themselves, and Ido has remained constant since then - it is safe to say that were Ido a community of language reformers during its early days, that this is not the case anymore.

==Language Example==

[[Image:The Little Prince.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Ha !... Kad esas nulu sur Tero? - The Little Prince in Ido]]

:Chapter 17 of [[The Little Prince]]; the conversation between the Little Prince and the snake upon his arrival on Earth. The title of the Ido-language version is '''La Princeto'''.

'''CHAPITRO XVII'''

:(...)

:&#8211;Bona nokto ! &#8211;dicis la surprizata princeto.

:&#8211;Bona nokto ! &#8211;dicis la serpento.

:&#8211;Adsur qua planeto me falis ? &#8211;questionis la princeto.

:&#8211;Adsur Tero, sur Afrika. &#8211;respondis la serpento.

:&#8211;Ha !... Kad esas nulu sur Tero ?

:&#8211;To esas la dezerto, e nulu esas sur la dezerti. Tero esas tre granda &#8211;dicis la serpento.

:La princeto sideskis sur stono e levis lua okuli a la cielo.

:&#8211;Me questionas a me &#8211;lu dicis- ka la steli intence brilas por ke uladie singlu povez trovar sua stelo. Videz mea planeto, olu esas exakte super ni... ma tre fore !

:&#8211;Olu esas bela planeto &#8211;dicis la serpento-. Por quo vu venis adhike ?

:&#8211;Esas chagreneto inter floro e me &#8211;dicis la princeto.

:&#8211;Ha ! &#8211;dicis la serpento.

:E la du permanis silence.

:&#8211;Ube esas la personi ? &#8211;klamis fine la princeto-. Onu esas kelke sola sur la dezerto...

:&#8211;Inter la personi onu anke esas sola &#8211;dicis la serpento.

:La princeto regardis la serpento longatempe.

:&#8211;Vu esas stranja animalo ! &#8211;dicis la princeto-. Vu esas tam tenua kam fingro...

:&#8211;Yes, ma me esas plu potenta kam fingro di rejo &#8211;dicis la serpento.

:La princeto ridetis.

:&#8211;Me ne kredas ke vu esas tre potenta, mem vu ne havas pedi... nek vu povas voyajar...

:&#8211;Me povas transportar vu plu fore kam navo -dicis la serpento.

:Ed olu spulis la maleolo di la princeto, same kam ora braceleto.

:&#8211;Ta quan me tushas retroiras a la tero deube lu venis. Ma vu esas pura e vu venas de stelo...

:La princeto nulon respondis.

:&#8211;Me kompatas vu, qua esas tante sola sur ta harda granita Tero. Me povas helpar vu se vu sentas nostalgio a vua planeto. Me povas...

:&#8211;Ho ! &#8211;dicis la princeto-. Me bone komprenis, ma pro quo vu sempre parolas enigmatoze ?

:&#8211;Me solvas omna enigmati &#8211;dicis la serpento.

:E la du permanis silence.

:'''Averto lektenda'''

:La verko '''La princeto''' licencesas sub '''Creative Commons License''', http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode

:Autoro.- Fernando Tej&oacute;n, [e-mail]

:Ret-pagino.- http://es.geocities.com/idohispania/laprinceto/laprinceto.html

== History ==

[[Image:Ido_Kongreso_en_Desau_1922.jpg|thumb|350px|Photograph of the International Ido Congress in [[Dessau]], [[Germany]] in [[1922]].]]

The request by the ''[[Delegation for the Adoption of an International Auxiliary Language]]'' to the [[International Association of Academies]] in [[Vienna]] to select an international language was rejected in May, 1907. The Delegation, which had been founded by [[Louis Couturat]], decided to meet as a Committee in Paris in October [[1907]] to discuss the adoption of a standard international language among the various competitors that had been devised up to that time. According to the minutes of the Committee, it decided that no language was completely acceptable, but that [[Esperanto]] could be accepted "because of its relative perfection and because of the many and diverse applications already received by it, on condition of several modifications to be realized by the permanent Commission in the direction defined by the conclusions of the Report of the Secretaries (Couturat and [[Leopold Leau]]) and by the Ido project" which later had been presented to the Committee as an anonymous project. The Ido project has later been suggested to have been primarily devised by Couturat with some help from Esperanto's representative before the Committee, [[Louis de Beaufront]]. Beaufront had himself argued for reforming Esperanto prior to having been selected to the Delegation, and during the proceedings he argued in favor of Esperanto over other languages; his "conversion" to the Ido camp upon the presentation of that language was thus consistent with his earlier positions.

Glaedr is the oldest dragon in the trilogy, senior even to Galbatorix's black dragon [[Shruikan]]. He is three times larger than Saphira, the [[Eragon|main character's]] dragon. Like his Rider, Glaedr is disabled——his left foreleg is nothing but a white stump in place. Glaedr and Oromis live in Du Weldenvarden, a forest in the north of [[Alagaesia]], the world in which the trilogy takes place. The two hid during [[The Fall (Inheritance)|The Fall]] when the dragon riders and dragons were being killed by a rebellious rider named [[Galbatorix]], for if Glaedr and Oromis had died before one of the remaining dragon eggs had hatched, then there would be no one left to pass on the secrets to the new Rider.

Early supporters of [[Esperanto]] tended to resist reforms, and the language's inventor, [[L. L. Zamenhof]] deferred to their judgement. Ironically, several of the reforms adopted by Ido were themselves proposed at various times by Zamenhof, especially in [[1894]] when he proposed eliminating the accented letters and the accusative case (referring to it as "superfluous ballast" [http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:ghCLenIyOzEJ:www.geocities.com/Paris/Rue/8009/idolinguo/054_074.html+%22superfluous+ballast%22+zamenhof&hl=en]), changing the plural to an italianesque -i, and replacing the table of correlatives with more latinate words (see [[History_of_Esperanto#Esperanto_history_from_publication_until_the_first_world_congress|History of Esperanto]]). The custom of keeping the basic rules of Esperanto fixed remains today. Couturat, who was the leading proponent of Ido, was killed in an automobile accident in [[1914]], which, along with [[World War I]], dealt a serious blow to the Ido movement. Although that movement recovered to some degree in the immediate postwar period, the whole movement of international languages became [[balkanization|Balkanized]] as a result of Couturat's death. The publication of an even more Europeanized planned language, [[Occidental language|Occidental]], in 1922 began the process of splintering the community, and the Ido movement lost a majority of its published periodicals in the subsequent year or so, and the defection of its major intellectual supporter, the Danish linguist [[Otto Jespersen]], in 1928 on the occasion of the publication of his own planned language [[Novial]], seemed at the time to provide a quietus.

Oromis and Glaedr tutored the young riders [[Morzan]] and [[Brom (Inheritance)|Brom]].

However, the language still has a few speakers today, and the internet has sparked a renewal of interest in the language in recent years. The estimates of the number of speakers range from 250-5000. In comparison, [[Esperanto]] has at least a hundred thousand, with 1.6 million speakers estimated by a retired psychology professor named [[Sidney S. Culbert]], who conducted a survey of speakers of several world-wide languages. Culbert's figure appears in the [[World Almanac|Almanac and World Book of Facts]], and in [[Ethnologue]].

==Role==

Jespersen, who was present during the ten days of Committee deliberations in Paris and later served as part of the permanent Commission, wrote a history of Ido.

In ''[[Eldest]]'', Glaedr becomes [[Saphira]]'s teacher and the object of her affections. Oromis trains Saphira's Rider, [[Eragon (character)|Eragon]]. [[Saphira]] thinks that Glaedr will be her mate, but he rejects her. In this, Glaedr and Saphira have a fight which Saphira starts by scratching Glaedr in the right forleg. Glaedr respondes by biting Saphira in the thigh. Glaedr believes that the young female is meant for one of the unhatched dragon eggs. Later, on [[Eragon]]'s advice, Saphira apologizes to Glaedr.

== Role in the Inheritance Trilogy ==

Many Esperanto supporters have attacked Ido over the years. One of them, Don Harlow (see [[:eo:Don HARLOW|Don Harlow]] in the Esperanto Wikipedia), wrote a history of Ido in the third chapter of ''The Esperanto Book'', "How to Build a Language". Some have criticised the validity of his history, to which he replies in a subchapter, "Ido: The Beginning". However, most Ido partisans argue that Harlow's history does not jibe with all the eyewitness accounts, such as those reported by Jespersen, although it is based on material from some other eyewitnesses such as [[Emile Boirac]] and [[Gaston Moch]] and with some source documentation, to which Harlow claims Jespersen did not have access (such as Zamenhof's correspondence with Couturat and others during the period).

In the events of the ''[[Inheritance Trilogy]]'', there are Dragons on each side of the war - [[Galbatorix]] houses one green unhatched Dragon egg and his own Dragon, [[Shruikan]]; under Galbatorix's control is [[Murtagh]] and his dragon [[Thorn (Inheritance)|Thorn]]. Fighting against Galbatorix for the [[Varden]] is [[Eragon (character)|Eragon]] and his dragon [[Saphira]], the last female dragon. Another Dragon is [[Glaedr]], who is the Dragon of [[Oromis]], the oldest remaining Rider, who is an Elf.

So far, the only dragon colors known are green (new dragon-unknown rider), blue ([[Saphira]] - [[Eragon (character)|Eragon]], [[Brom (Inheritance)|Brom]]), red ([[Thorn (Inheritance)|Thorn]] - [[Murtagh]]) and, we can assume [[Morzan]] since riders swords are the same color as their dragon), gold ([[Glaedr]] - [[Oromis]]), black ([[Shruikan]] - [[Galbatorix]]), white ([[Bid'Daum]] - Eragon the elf), brown (Mentioned by the elf Rhunon and[[ Brom]] tells [[Eragon]] that [[Miremel]] was brown), and purple (Mentioned by CP in an interview).

== Literature and publications ==

[[Image:Anne_Frank_in_Ido.PNG|right|thumb|280px|Extract from [[The Diary of Anne Frank]] in Ido from the journal ''Adavane!'', published by the Spanish Ido Society.]]

Ido has a number of publications that can be subscribed to or downloaded for free in most cases. The majority of Ido publications are comprised mostly of material about various subjects, with a few pages within on the status of the movement and news on upcoming gatherings. ''Kuriero Internaciona'' is a magazine produced in France every few months with a range of topics. ''Adavane!'' is a magazine procuced by the Spanish Ido Society every two months that has a range of topics as well as a few dozen pages of work translated from other languages. ''Progreso'' is the official organ of the Ido movement and has been around since its inception. Other sites have various stories, fables or proverbs along with a few books of the bible tranlated into Ido on a smaller scale.

Here is a chart of the known dragons and their riders.

== Recent International Ido Conventions ==

Dragons Rider Color

#Unknown / Unknown / Green

[[Toulouse]] will host a [http://www.europa.idolinguo.com/Francia/Idorenkontro2005 convention] from the 23rd to the 27th of September, 2005.

#Thorn /Murtagh /Red

#Saphira (2) / Eragon (2) / Blue

#Saphira (1) / Brom / Blue

#Shrukian / Galbatorix /Black

#Glaedr / Oromis /Gold

#Bid'daum /Eragon (1) / White

#Unknown but probaly also named Thorn / Morzan / Red

#lormungr / Unknown / Unknown

#vervada / none / Unknown

The (1) indicates the First Eragon or Saphira- the original rider and Brom's dragon and the (2) indicates the main character Eragon in the first and second book.

Here is a list of all the other known dragons mentioned by Brom in book 1 (Eragon):

'''2004:''' [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]] - 17 participants from 9 countries ([http://www.europa.idolinguo.com/Ukrainia/Idorenkontro2004/ Raporto])<br>

'''2003:''' Grossbothen, [[Germany]] - Participants from 6 countries ([http://www.europa.idolinguo.com/Germania/Idokonfero2003/ido.htm Raporto])<br>

'''2002:''' [[Krak&oacute;w]], [[Poland]] - 14 participants from 6 countries ([http://www.europa.idolinguo.com/Polonia/krakow2002.htm Raporto])<br>

'''2001:''' [[Nuremberg]], Germany - 14 participants from 5 countries ([http://www.nefkom.net/frank.kasper/konf2001.htm Raporto])<br>

'''1998:''' Bia&#322;obrzegi, Poland - 15 participants from 6 countries<br>

'''1997:''' Bakkum (mun. [[Castricum]]), [[Netherlands]] - 19 participants from 7 countries<br>

'''1995:''' Elsnigk, Germany<br>

'''1991:''' [[Ostend]], [[Belgium]] - 21 participants<br>

'''1980:''' [[Namur (city)|Namur]], Belgium - 35 participants<br>

'''1960:''' [[Zürich]], [[Switzerland]] - ca. 50 participants<br>

#Jura

==External links==

#Fundor (Who fought the giant sea snake)

{{Interwiki|code=io}}

#Galzra

{{Wikibookspar||Ido}}

#Briam

===History and opinions on Ido===

#Ohen the Strong

* [http://www.langmaker.com/outpost/ido.htm Langmaker.com about Ido]

#Gretiem

* [http://members.aol.com/idolinguo/index.html Page about the Ido language]

#Beroan

* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/5037/Hist.html Otto Jespersen's history of Ido]

#Roslarb

* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/5037/PALih.html Another history of Ido]

#Vanilor (male)

* [http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap03.html#ido Don Harlow's "How to Build a Language", the section about Ido]

#Eridor (male)

* [http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/conlang1a.html Don Harlow's "Ido: The Beginning"]

#Ingothold (male)

* [http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/Historio/raporto.LK.1908.html Emile Boirac's "Report to the World Esperanto Congress, 1908"] about his experiences as part of the Delegation's Committee

#Miremel (female, brown dragon)

* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/5037/truth.html Léopold Leau's "The Truth About the Delegation in 1907"], a rebuttal of criticisms made about the events of the Delegation, based on his own experiences as a member of the Delegation

#Opheila (female)

* [http://www.kafejo.com/lingvoj/auxlangs/ido Ido-Pagino da Ailanto] - Some discussion about Ido, and links to websites, organizations, mailing lists, courses, dictionaries, grammars, e.c.

#Lenora (female)

===Pages in Ido and places to learn the language===

[[Category:Fictional dragons]]

* [http://io.wiktionary.org Ido Wiktionary]

* [http://es.geocities.com/krayono/kgd.pdf Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di la Linguo Internaciona Ido] (PDF), [http://ido.view.net.au/kgd/ in HTML], [http://ido.narod.ru/linguo/kgd/tabelo-di-kontenajo.htm again in HTML]

* [http://www.idolinguo.org North American Ido Society]

* [http://www.homunculus.com/babel/aido.html Blueprints for Babel: Ido] - Commentary and grammatical summary of Ido, with glossary and links

* "Ido for All", a course for English speakers, can be found [http://www.geocities.com/bebsonido/ here] and [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Sparta/6367/ here]. A partial translation into French, "Ido pour tous!", can be found [http://www.ido-vivo.info/Francaidokurso/ here]. Companion MP3 files for lessons 1 through 7 can be found [http://www.iolairweb.co.uk/ido/idoforall.htm here].

{{Ido}}

Saphira's parents were Iormunger and Vervada. Iormunger was a rider's dragon but Vervada was a wild female dragon who only gave 1 egg to the riders.

[[Category:Ido]]

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