|
__NOTOC__
{{Stampante
==Kony 2012==
| presentazione = March 1, 1985
'''''Kony 2012''''' è un film creato da [[Invisible Children, Inc.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globaltvbc.com/video/trending+now+kony+2012/video.html?v=2206826267#stories/video|title=News Hour – Trending Now: Kony 2012|accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-06|publisher=[[Global TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8431277/kony-2012-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict|title=Kony 2012 sheds light on Uganda conflict|date=March 7 20|publisher=Ninemsn|accessdate=2012-03-07|author=Lees, Philippa; Zavan, Martin}}</ref><ref name=JCTSK>{{cite news|url=http://post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/599038/Jackson-Center-To-Show-KONY-2012.html?nav=5004|title=Jackson Center To Show KONY2012|date=February 14, 2012|publisher=[[The Post-Journal]]|accessdate=2012-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17295078|title=Uganda rebel Joseph Kony target of viral campaign video|date=March 8 2012|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> il cui scopo è di promuovere la campagna umanitaria denominata "Stop Kony", con l'obiettivo di far catturare il criminale di guerra [[Uganda|ugandese]] [[Joseph Kony]] entro la fine del 2012<ref>{{cite news|url=http://kykernel.com/2012/03/07/a-call-for-justice/|title=A call for justice|date=March 7, 2012|last=Myers|first=Julia|publisher=Kentucky Kernel}}</ref>.
| dismissione = February 1, 1988
| processore = [[Motorola 68000]]
| frequenza = 12 MHz
| ramminima = 1.5 MB
| rammassima = 1.5 MB
| slot = 1
| rom = 512 kB
| porte = [[Serial port|Serial]], [[LocalTalk]]
| tipo = [[Laser printer|Laser]]
| colori = 1
| dpi = 300
| velocità = 8 Pages Per Minute
| potenza = 760 Watts
| peso = 77 lb
| dimensione = (H × W × D) 11.5 × 18.5 × 16.2 in
}}
La '''LaserWriter''' è stata una [[stampante laser]] che utilizzava come [[linguaggio di descrizione di pagina]] il [[PostScript]] immessa sul mercato dalla [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] nel [[1985]]. È stata una delle prime stampanti laser disponibili sul mercato. Assieme al programma [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]], la LaserWriter ha avuto un ruolo fondamentale nell'avvio della rivoluzione del [[desktop publishing]]<ref name="tucker">{{en}}H. A. Tucker:''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YlmafkntEqIC&pg=PA296 Desktop Publishing.]'' In: Maurice M. de Ruiter: ''Advances in Computer Graphics III.'' Springer, 1988, ISBN 3-540-18788-X, P. 296.</ref><ref name="spring">{{en}}Michael B. Spring: ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=_MV46vFUrI4C&pg=PA46 Electronic printing and publishing: the document processing revolution.]'' CRC Press, 1991, ISBN 0-8247-8544-4, Page 46.</ref>. La stampante era progettata per essere utilizzata in congiunzione con un Macintosh; Apple non ha mai rilasciato driver per altri computer.
Il film si è diffuso in maniera [[video virale|virale]] sul web ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theyorker.co.uk/news/citynews/10807|title=Kony fever hits York! |accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=[[The Yorker]]|author=Neylon, Stephanie}}</ref><ref name="Molloy">{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/tech/892373-kony-2012-campaign-shedding-light-on-uganda-conflict-a-huge-online-success|title=Kony 2012: Campaign Shedding light on Uganda Conflict a Huge Online Success |accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|Metro]]|author=Molloy, Mark}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/03/07/kony-2012-invisible-children-documentary-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict-video_n_1326183.html?ref=uk|title=Kony 2012: Invisible Children Documentary Sheds Light On Uganda Conflict |accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|author= Nelson, Sara C.}}</ref>, tanto che su [[Youtube]] (dove è stato inserito il [[5 marzo]] [[2012]]) ha raggiunto più di 84 milioni di visite<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc|title=Kony 2012|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=21 marzo 2012}}</ref> e più di 17,5 milioni su [[Vimeo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vimeo.com/37119711|title=Kony 2012|publisher=Vimeo|accessed=March 7, 2012}}</ref>.
==Storia==
Alcune celebrità, come [[Rihanna]], [[Taylor Swift]], [[Christina Milian]], [[Nicki Minaj]], [[Bill Gates]] e [[Kim Kardashian]] hanno dichiarato il loro supporto alla campagna<ref name="Molloy"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news/stars-join-uganda-campaign_1301071|title=Taylor Swift – Stars Join Uganda Campaign |accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=[[Contactmusic.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voice-online.co.uk/video/kony-2012|title=Kony 2012 |accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=The Voice}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Celebs tweet opposition to African strongman Joseph Kony |author=Michelle Profis |url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2012/03/07/celebs-tweet-joseph-kony/ |newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 7, 2012|accessdate=March 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/#!/BillGates/status/177883491076284418|title=@BillGates status|author=Gates, Bill|accessdate=2012-03-08|date=2012-03-08|publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>, che prevede un maxi-evento nella notte tra venerdì [[20 aprile|20]] e sabato [[21 aprile]] [[2012]], quando tutti gli adesori affiggerano manifesti per pubblicizzarla. Invisible Children consente di acquistare inoltre sul proprio sito posters, braccialetti e adesivi per "rendere Kony famoso"<ref name="Lees0307"/>.
===Sviluppo della stampa laser===
==Sinossi==
Il film documenta i progetti e gli sforzi di Invisible Children Inc per far sì che Joseph Kony venga arrestato. In esso sono descritte le tattiche di [[guerriglia]] del suo [[Esercito di Resistenza del Signore]] e sono elencate le regioni in cui esso opera ([[Uganda]], [[Repubblica democratica del Congo]] e [[Sud Sudan]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altoona.psu.edu/now/news.php?value=3646|title=KONY 2012, an Invisible Children film, to show on campus March 12|accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-05|publisher=[[Penn State Altoona]]}}</ref>.
L'inizio dello sviluppo della stampa laser risale al [[1969]] ed al lavoro di [[Gary Starkweather]] alla [[Xerox]], che portò alla produzione della Xerox 9700 nel [[1977]]<ref>{{en}}{{cita web|http://www.digibarn.com/collections/printers/xerox-9700/stories.html|Personal Recollections of the Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System|30-05-2013}}</ref>. Parallelamente, l'[[IBM]] portò avanti la ricerca nel settore, arrivando nel [[1976]] all'elaborazione del sistema IBM 3800<ref name=e>{{en}}Benji Edwards: ''[http://www.macworld.com/article/144880/2009/12/five_important_printers.htmlApple's Five Most Important Printers.]'' macworld.com, December 10, 2009.</ref>.
Uno dei personaggi principali su cui il film ruota è Jacob, un ugandese il cui fratello è stato ucciso dall'esercito di Kony e a cui il regista del film e fondatore dell'Invisible Children Inc, [[Jason Russel]] ha promesso di fermare il sanguinario criminale<ref>{{cite news |title=Celebs Help "Stop Kony" Trend on Twitter: Who Is Kony? |author=Jenny McGrath |url=http://www.wetpaint.com/network/articles/celebs-help-stop-kony-tweet-on-twitter-who-is-kony |newspaper=[[Wetpaint]] |date=March 7, 2012 |accessdate=March 7, 2012}}</ref>. Nel film si afferma inoltre la necessità di interrompere la recluta di giovani e giovanissimi nell'Esercito di Resistenza del Signore.
Intorno alla metà degli [[anni 70]] anche la Canon cominciò ad investire sulla produzione di stampanti laser, avviando una partnership con la [[Hewlett-Packard]]; così, dieci anni dopo, fu prodotta la HP 2680<ref name=j>{{en}}Jim Hall,[http://www.hparchive.com/seminar_notes/HP_LaserJet_The%20Early%20History_by_Jim_Hall_110512.pdf "HP LaserJet – The Early History"]</ref>. Il primo modello desktop di stampante laser fu introdotto dalla HP nel 1983 e lanciato sul mercato al prezzo di 12800 [[$]], ma le vendite furono pochissime<ref name=j/>. Sempre nel [[1983]] la [[Canon]] mise a punto la LPB-CX, una stampante laser dotata di un [[diodo laser]] che stampava con una risoluzione di 300dpi<ref>{{en}}{{cite web|url=http://www.fixyourownprinter.com/reference/pcr/engine/1311 |title=Canon LBP-CX Engine |publisher=fixyourownprinter.com |date= |accessdate=2009-09-23}}</ref>. Nel [[1984]] la HP lanciò sul mercato la prima stampante laser commerciale basata sulla LBP-CX: la [[HP LaserJet]]<ref name=e />.
==Supporto di personaggi famosi e politici==
La campagna umanitaria promossa da Invisible Children si è impegnata a selezionare un gruppo di 20 celebrità e di 12 politici che possano aiutare a sensibilizzare l'opinione pubblica sui crimini di Joseph Kony, che rapisce, tortura, recluta nel proprio esercito e uccide giovani ragazze e ragazzi. Tra le celebrità vi sono [[George Clooney]], [[Angelina Jolie]], [[Taylor Swift]], [[Bono (cantante)|Bono]] e [[Ryan Seacrest]]<ref name="E!">{{cite news |title=Kony 2012: George Clooney, Angelina Jolie and You Asked to Save Africa's Invisible Children From Torture |author=Rebecca Macatee |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/kony_2012_george_clooney_angelina_jolie/299424 |newspaper=[[E!]] |date=March 7, 2012 |accessdate=March 7, 2012}}</ref>, tra i politici vi sono [[George W. Bush]], [[Condoleeza Rice]] e [[John Kerry]]<ref>{{cite news |title=The Flash – Rocklin High School – KONY 2012|author=Devin Moss|url=http://my.hsj.org/Schools/Newspaper/tabid/100/view/frontpage/articleid/507449/newspaperid/234/KONY_2012.aspx|date=March 7, 2012 |accessdate=March 7, 2012}}</ref>.
===Lo sviluppo in casa Apple===
Nel filmato viene anche mostrata la lettere con cui il presidente degli [[Stati Uniti]] [[Barack Obama]] comunica la decisione di stanziare un piccolo contingente militare in Uganda, per proteggere la popolazione civile dai ribelli guidati da Kony.
Steve Jobs vide la LPB-CX mentre trattava per delle forniture di [[floppy disk]] da 3.5" per l'[[Apple Macintosh]]. Nel frattempo [[John Warnock]] aveva lasciato la [[Xerox]] per fondare la [[Adobe (azienda)|Adobe]] e mettere in commercio una stampante laser basata sul [[PostScript]]. Jobs era al corrente del lavoro di Warnock e riuscì a trattare con lui ed ottenere la licenza d'uso del [[PostScript]] dalla [[Adobe]] per produrre una stampante laser in casa Apple. Le trattative tra Apple ed Adobe si conclusero nel [[dicembre]] [[1983]], appena un mese prima che venisse annunciata l'uscita del [[Macintosh]]. Steve Jobs alla fine fece comprare alla Apple 2.5 milioni di [[dollaro|dollari]] di azioni della [[Adobe]].
==Criticism and responses==
In November of 2011, while ''Kony 2012'' was in production, ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' magazine published an article stating that several organizations, including Invisible Children, had "manipulated facts for strategic purposes, exaggerating the scale of LRA abductions and murders" and was "portraying Kony – a brutal man, to be sure – as uniquely awful, a [[Kurtz (Heart of Darkness)|Kurtz]]-like embodiment of evil".<ref name="Post1"/> Resolve, one of Invisible Children's partner organizations, responded that the accusation was a "serious charge ... published with no accompanying substantiation."<ref name="Post1"/> These criticisms of Invisible Children's intentions and the statements that were made in the film resurfaced when ''Kony 2012'' was released.
===Rilascio===
Since the video's release, the campaign has come under criticism for oversimplification of events in the region.<ref name="Okwonga">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/03/07/stop-kony-yes-but-dont-stop-asking-questions/|title=Stop Kony, yes. But don’t stop asking questions|accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=[[The Independent]]|author=Okwonga, Musa}}</ref> While the campaign promotes global activism, it has been criticized for providing a black-and-white picture rather than encouraging the viewers to learn about the situation.<ref>[http://hateandrelativism.wordpress.com/2012/03/13/what-trends-does-kony-2012-represent/ What trends does KONY 2012 represent?] Hate & Relativism Blog, March 2012</ref> One criticism is that the film gives a misleading impression of the whereabouts and magnitude of Kony's remaining LRA forces. Kony's followers are now thought to number only in the hundreds, and Kony himself is believed to be in the [[Central African Republic]] rather than Uganda--a fact that receives only a passing mention in the video.<ref name="Keating20120307">{{cite web|url=http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/03/07/guest_post_joseph_kony_is_not_in_uganda_and_other_complicated_things |title=Guest post: Joseph Kony is not in Uganda (and other complicated things) |accessdate=2012-03-08|date=2012-03-07|work=Foreign Policy|author=Keating, Joshua}}</ref> This problem has raised questions about the plausibility of Ugandan army intervention, which the video advocates. Since Kony and most of the LRA forces are not in Uganda, the Ugandan army would need to coordinate with the militaries of the other countries where the LRA is located: [[South Sudan]], the [[Central African Republic]] and the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Military cooperation between the countries has historically not worked well and efforts by the African Union to facilitate cooperation have stalled.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.npr.org/2012/03/08/148239201/joseph-kony-is-now-a-star-but-will-he-be-caught | title=Joseph Kony is Infamous - But will he be caught? | publisher=NPR | accessdate=March 09, 2012}}</ref> In addition, the [[Uganda People's Defence Force|Ugandan army]] and the [[Armed forces of South Sudan|South Sudanese army]] have themselves been accused of human rights violations such as attacks against civilians, use of child soldiers and looting of civilian homes and businesses.<ref name=OTotL>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136673/mareike-schomerus-tim-allen-and-koen-vlassenroot/obama-takes-on-the-lra?page=2|title=Obama Takes on the LRA|accessdate=2012-03-07|date=2012-03-07|work=Foreignaffairs.com|author= Schomerus, Mareike; Allen, Tim; Vlassenroot, Koen }}</ref>
Il rilascio della LaserWriter fu annunciato all'incontro annuale degli azionisti Apple il [[23 gennaio]] [[1985]]<ref name="bart-1985">{{en}}Jim Bartimo, Michael McCarthy:[http://books.google.com/books?id=7S4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15 "Is Apple's LaserWriter on Target?"], ''InfoWorld'', Volume 7 Issue 6 (11 February 1985), pp. 15-18.</ref>, lo stesso giorno in cui Aldus rivelò [[PageMaker]]<ref>{{en}}''Aldus Announces Desktop Publishing System ...'' BusinessWire, January 23, 1985.</ref>.
===Criticisms of U.S. military assistance===
In October 2011, U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] announced that he would send 100 American military advisors to Uganda, South Sudan, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to help the regional forces remove Joseph Kony "from the battlefield". However, they were not authorized to fight unless they were fired upon.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/15/world/la-fg-us-uganda-20111015 | title=U.S. sending military advisors to Uganda | publisher=LA Times | accessdate=2012-03-12 | date=2011-10-15}}</ref> Human rights advocates have reported that both the Ugandan army and the former [[Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement|Sudan People’s Liberation Army]], which forms the core of the new South Sudanese army, have exploited children as soldiers. They criticized the U.S. decision to provide military assistance for armies accused of using child soldiers: "Countries that keep using child soldiers aren’t going to get serious about ending the practice until they see the US is serious about withholding the money,” said Jo Becker, child rights advocate at [[Human Rights Watch]].<ref name="HRW">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/10/04/us-don-t-finance-child-soldiers |title=US: Don’t Finance Child Soldiers Obama Administration Aid Waivers Undercut US Law |accessdate=2012-03-12|date=2011-10-04|work=Human Rights Watch|author=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Further criticism has come from the campaign's lack of accountability towards the Ugandan government in the conflict.<ref name="Okwonga"/> There has also been a more [[International_relations_theory#Realism | realist]] analysis of President Obama's decision to send military advisers to the region, with some suggesting that the assistance was a reward for Ugandan assistance in [[Somalia]].<ref name=OTotL></ref> Some have argued that U.S. interest in Africa is mainly due to Uganda's recent discovery of oil.<ref name="GRTV">{{cite web|url=http://tv.globalresearch.ca/2012/03/us-launches-pr-campaign-ugandan-oil-intervention |title=US Launches PR Campaign for Ugandan Oil Intervention |accessdate=2012-03-18|date=2012-15-03|work= Global Research TV |author=James Corbett }}</ref><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITC5oOoCvcQ</ref> Author and human rights advocate, Adam Branch asks, 'How are we, as US citizens, allowing our government to militarise Africa in the name of the "War on Terror" and its effort to secure oil resources?'<ref name="AJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/03/201231284336601364.html |title=US: Dangerous ignorance: The hysteria of Kony 2012 |accessdate=2012-03-17|date=2012-12-03|work= Al Jazeera|author=Adam Branch }}</ref>
Le vendite iniziarono nel [[marzo]] [[1985]]<ref>[http://www.macworld.co.uk/mac/news/index.cfm?newsid=24596 Macintosh Timeline]</ref> al prezzo di 6.995 [[dollaro|dollari]], molto più alto rispetto al modello della [[HP]]. Comunque, la LaserWriter aveva una peculiarità: il supporto [[AppleTalk]], che permetteva di condividere la stampante con ben sedici Mac.
===Criticisms from Uganda===
There has been growing criticism in Uganda over the film.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/9131469/Joseph-Kony-2012-growing-outrage-in-Uganda-over-film.html | title=Joseph Kony 2012: growing outrage in Uganda over film | publisher=The Telegraph | accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=rU_1jnrj5VI|title=Kony screening provokes anger in Uganda|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=March 15, 2012}}</ref> Critics argue Kony and his diminishing troops, many of them kidnapped child soldiers, fled northern Uganda six years ago and are now spread across the jungles of neighbouring countries. Rosebell Kagumire, a Ugandan journalist specializing in peace and conflict reporting, said: “This paints a picture of Uganda six or seven years ago, that is totally not how it is today. It’s highly irresponsible”.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=KLVY5jBnD-E|title=My response to KONY2012|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref>
==Caratteristiche==
A March 2012 showing of the film in Lira, a town in northern Uganda, was met with jeering and thrown objects. An estimated 35,000 people jeered at the showing, and some threw rocks at the screen and at the group [[African Youth Initiative Network]], which screened the film and provided translations. The screening prompted angry calls to local radio stations. Ugandans were upset that the film devoted so much attention to the filmmakers and Kony while spending relatively little time on the conflict's victims, prompting complaints that the film was "more about whites than Ugandans." Others objected to being reminded of the horrors Kony brought to Uganda. Despite the negative response, the organization still plans on showing the film in other towns, hoping to avoid this response by providing context for the film and its message of advocacy.<ref>{{cite news |title='Kony' Screening Inflames Ugandans |author1=Nicholas Bariyo |author2=Erica Orden |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |date=March 16, 2012 |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303863404577283531931361326.html?google_editors_picks=true |accessdate=March 16, 2012}}</ref>
===Hardware===
''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' interviewed local residents over the video in Gulu, Uganda, a former rebel center. Dr Beatrice Mpora, director of the community health organization Kairos commented: "What that video says is totally wrong, and it can cause us more problems than help us ''(... )'' There has not been a single soul from the LRA here since 2006. Now we have peace, people are back in their homes, they are planting their fields, they are starting their businesses. That is what people should help us with.<ref name="pflanz">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/9131469/Joseph-Kony-2012-growing-outrage-in-Uganda-over-film.html|title=Joseph Kony 2012: growing outrage in Uganda over film|last=Pflanz|first=Mike|date=8 March 2012|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=17 March 2012}}</ref>” Ugandan online commentators have also criticized the video's for its aim of making Kony "famous", and for its advocacy of foreign military intervention to stop him.<ref name="pflanz" />
PostScript is a complete [[programming language]] that has to be run in a suitable [[interpreter]] and then sent to a software rasterizer program, all inside the printer. To support this, the LaserWriter featured a [[Motorola 68000]] [[central processing unit|CPU]] running at 12 [[Megahertz|MHz]], 512 kB of workspace [[RAM]], and a 1 MB frame buffer.<ref>[http://support.apple.com/kb/sp472 "LaserWriter: Technical Specifications"], Apple</ref> At introduction, the LaserWriter had the most processing power in Apple’s product line—more than the 8 MHz Macintosh. As a result, the LaserWriter was also one of Apple's most expensive offerings.
===Networking===
Ugandan prime minister [[Amama Mbabazi]] launched an online response on Youtube. On video he seeks to correct the false impression that Uganda is in conflict, and invites everyone to come and see the country. He assures that people would find it a very different place to that portrayed by Invisible Children.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/03/2012317134323360997.html|title=Uganda launches video to counter 'Kony 2012'|date=17 March 2012|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=17 March 2012}}</ref>
Since the cost of a LaserWriter was several times that of a [[dot-matrix]] impact printer, some means to share the printer with several Macs was desired. [[Local area network|LANs]] were complex and expensive, so Apple developed its own networking scheme, [[LocalTalk]]. Based on the [[AppleTalk]] [[protocol stack]], LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an [[RS-422]] serial port. At 230.4 [[kilobit|kbit]]/[[second|s]] LocalTalk was slower than the Centronics PC parallel interface, but allowed several computers to share a single LaserWriter. PostScript enabled the LaserWriter to print complex pages containing high-resolution [[Raster graphics|bitmap graphics]], [[outline font]]s, and vector illustrations. The LaserWriter could print more complex layouts than the HP [[Laserjet]] and other non-Postscript printers. Paired with the program [[Aldus PageMaker]], the LaserWriter gave the layout editor an exact replica of the printed page. The LaserWriter offered a generally faithful proofing tool for preparing documents for quantity publication, and could print smaller quantities directly. The Mac platform quickly gained the favor of the emerging desktop-publishing industry, a market in which the Mac is still important.<ref>http://www.businessweek.com/technology/ByteOfTheApple/blog/archives/2009/04/cnbc_on_the_mac_vs_pc_fight.html</ref>
===Design===
===Invisible Children's response===
The LaserWriter was the first major printer designed by Apple to use the new [[Snow White design language]] created by [[Frogdesign]]. It also continued a departure from the beige color that characterized the Apple and Macintosh products to that time by using the same brighter, creamy off-white color first introduced with the [[Apple IIc]] and [[Apple Scribe Printer]] 8 months earlier. In that regard it and its successors stood out among all of Apple’s Macintosh product offerings until 1987, when Apple adopted a unifying warm gray color they called Platinum across its entire product line, which was to last for over a decade.
On March 8, 2012, Invisible Children released an official response addressing the criticisms directed at ''Kony 2012''. As an explanation for the simplicity of the movie, they stated that "in [their] quest to garner wide public support of nuanced policy, [they] sought to explain the conflict in an easily understandable format". Jedediah Jenkins, the director of idea development for Invisible Children, responded to the new criticisms by saying that they were "myopic" and that the video itself was a "tipping point" that "got young people to care about an issue on the other side of the planet that doesn’t affect them."<ref name="Post1">{{cite news |title=Invisible Children responds to criticism about ‘Stop Kony’ campaign |author=Elizabeth Flock |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/invisible-childrens-stop-kony-campaign/2012/03/07/gIQA7B31wR_blog.html?wprss=blogpost |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=March 7, 2012 |accessdate=March 7, 2012}}</ref> In response to concerns about working with the Ugandan government, Invisible Children explained that they "do not defend any of the human rights abuses perpetrated by the Ugandan government or the Ugandan army" and the reason why they are working with the Ugandan army even though Kony is no longer in Uganda is because the army is "more organized and better equipped than that of any of the other affected countries (DRC, South Sudan, CAR) to track down Joseph Kony" and that they want all of the governments in the region to work together to arrest Kony.<ref name="Invisible Children Website">{{cite web|title=Invisible Children Critiques|url=http://www.invisiblechildren.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/critiques.html|accessdate=10 March 2012}}</ref> Jenkins stated that "There is a huge problem with political corruption in Africa. If we had the purity to say we will not partner with anyone corrupt, we couldn’t partner with anyone."<ref name="Post1"/>
The LaserWriter was also the first peripheral to use the [[LocalTalk]] connector and Apple’s unified round AppleTalk Connector Family, which allowed any variety of mechanical networking systems to be plugged into the ports on the computers or printers. A common solution was the 3rd party [[PhoneNet]] which used conventional telephone cables for networking.
==Notes==
<references/>
==Modelli==
La prima LaserWriter prodotta ebbe un notevole successo e così la Apple decide di produrne nuovi modelli, con risoluzione maggiore ed addirittura in grado di stampare a colori.
Nel [[1988]] uscirono nuovi modelli di LaserWriter:
* Laser Writer II SC: sviluppata per essere più economica dei precedenti modelli. Significativo infatti è l'abbandono dell'interprete [[PostScript]] per l'interprete [[QuickDraw]] che essendo di proprietà Apple non richiedeva il pagamento di licenze ;
* LaserWriter II NT: il processore scelto è il [[Motorola 68030]], l'interprete [[PostScript]] passa alla versione 2 e viene incluso l'interprete PCL 4+ per facilitare l'interoperabilità con le macchine non [[Macintosh]];
* LaserWriter II NTX: dotata di un processore a 32 bit come il[[Motorola 68020]] in modo da poter elaborare più agevolmente i comandi degli interpreti [[PostScript]] e LaserJet forniti con la stampante;
* LaserWriter IIg: è dotata del più veloce processore disponibile allora ([[1991]]), dei migliori interpreti di pagina ef è il modello che supporta più RAM, 32 MByte al massimo della espansione.;
* LaserWriter IIf.
== Note ==
{{reflist}}
{{Apple printers}}
{{Apple hardware before 1998}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Laserwriter}}
| 