Template:Infobox senator and Family therapy: Difference between pages

Revision as of 17:36, 29 January 2007

Revision as of 02:59, 11 March 2007

Line 1:

{{globalize/USA}}

{| class="infobox" style="width:23em; font-size:90%; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"

'''Family therapy''', also referred to as '''couple and family therapy''' and '''family systems therapy''', and earlier generally referred to as '''marriage therapy''', is a branch of [[psychotherapy]] that works with [[family|families]] and couples in [[intimate relationship]]s to nurture change and development. It tends to view these in terms of the [[system]]s of interaction between family members. It emphasizes family relationships as an important factor in psychological health. As such, family problems have been seen to arise as an [[emergence|emergent]] property of systemic interactions, rather than to be blamed on individual members.

|-

<!----------Name---------->

|colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size:140%;"| '''{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}'''

|-

Family therapists may focus more on how patterns of interaction maintain the problem rather than trying to identify the cause, as this can be experienced as blaming by some families. It assumes that the family as a whole is larger than the sum of its parts.

<!----------Image---------->

{{#if:{{{image name|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}} [[Image:{{{image name}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|<!--then:-->{{{imagesize}}}|160px}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br/>

<small>{{{caption|}}}<small/>

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{smallimage|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}} [[Image:{{{smallimage}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br/><small>{{{caption|}}}</small>

{{!-}}

}}

Most practitioners are "eclectic", using techniques from several areas, depending upon the client(s). Family therapy practitioners come from a range of professional backgrounds, and some are specifically qualified or [[licensure|licensed/registered]] in family therapy (licensing is not required in some jurisdictions and requirements vary from place to place). In the UK, family therapists are usually [[psychologist]]s, [[nurse]]s, [[psychotherapist]]s, [[social work]]ers, or [[counselor]]s who have done further training in family therapy, either a [[diploma]] or an [[M.Sc.]].

<!----------Majority Leader---------->

{{#if:{{{majorityleader|}}} |<!--then:-->

!colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majorityleader}}} [[Senate Majority Leader|United States Senate Majority Leader]]</div>

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{term_start2|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{#if:{{{term_end2|}}}

|<!--then:--> <!--term has start and end-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}} '''In&nbsp;office'''<br>{{{term_start2}}}&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;{{{term_end2}}}

{{!-}}

|<!--else:--> <!--term is ongoing-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"{{!}} '''[[Incumbent]]'''

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{term_end2|}}}

|<!--then:--> <!--(nothing; term has ended)-->

|<!--else:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}} '''In&nbsp;office&nbsp;since'''<br>{{{term_start2}}}

{{!-}}

}}

}}

[[Multicultural]] and inter-cultural approaches are being developed.

<!----------Majority Leader predecessor/successor---------->

{{#if:{{{predecessor2|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Preceded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{predecessor2}}}

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{successor2|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Succeeded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{successor2}}}

{{!-}}

}}

Family therapy has been used effectively where families, and or individuals in those families experience or suffer:

<!----------Majority Leader2---------->

*serious psychological disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, addictions and eating disorders);

{{#if:{{{majorityleader2|}}} |<!--then:-->

*interactional and transitional crises in a family’s life cycle (e.g. divorce);

!colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majorityleader2}}} [[Senate Majority Leader|United States Senate Majority Leader]]</div>

*as a support of other psychotherapies and medication.

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{term_start3|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{#if:{{{term_end3|}}}

|<!--then:--> <!--term has start and end-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}} '''In&nbsp;office'''<br>{{{term_start3}}}&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;{{{term_end3}}}

{{!-}}

|<!--else:--> <!--term is ongoing-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"{{!}} '''[[Incumbent]]'''

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{term_end3|}}}

|<!--then:--> <!--(nothing; term has ended)-->

|<!--else:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}} '''In&nbsp;office&nbsp;since'''<br>{{{term_start3}}}

{{!-}}

}}

}}

==Methodology==

<!----------Majority Leader 2 predecessor/successor---------->

It uses a range of [[counseling]] and other techniques including:

{{#if:{{{predecessor3|}}} |<!--then:-->

*[[psychotherapy]]

! Preceded&nbsp;by

*[[systems theory]]

{{!}} {{{predecessor3}}}

*[[communication theory]]

{{!-}}

*[[systemic coaching]]

}}

{{#if:{{{successor3|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Succeeded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{successor3}}}

{{!-}}

}}

The number of sessions depends on the situation, but the average is 5-20 sessions. The basic theory of family therapy is derived mainly from object relations theory, cognitive psychotherapy, systems theory and narrative approaches.

A family therapist usually meets several members of the family at the same time ("[[conjoint family therapy]]" is used in the approach of [[Virginia Satir]].) This has the advantage of making differences between the ways family members perceive mutual relations as well as interaction patterns in the session apparent both for the therapist and the family. These patterns frequently mirror habitual interaction patterns at home, even though the therapist is now incorporated into the family system. Therapy interventions usually focus on relationship patterns rather than on analyzing impulses of the [[unconscious mind]] or [[early childhood]] [[Psychological trauma|trauma]] of individuals as a [[Freud]]ian therapist would do.

<!----------Office---------->

<!----------Use Junior or Senior if Senator is currenlty the incumbent, use United States Senator if no longer holding office---------->

{{#if:{{{jr/sr|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">[[United States Senate|{{{jr/sr}}}]]<br>from {{{state}}}</div>

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{jr/sr and state|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">{{{jr/sr and state}}}</div>

{{!-}}

}}

Family therapy is really a way of thinking, an [[epistemology]] rather than about how many people sit in the room with the therapist. Family therapists are relational therapists; they are interested in what goes between people rather than in people.

<!----------Term---------->

{{#if: {{{term|}}}|<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}} '''In&nbsp;office'''<br>{{{term}}}

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if: {{{term_start|}}}|<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"{{!}} '''[[Incumbent]]'''

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if: {{{term_start|}}}|<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}} '''Assumed&nbsp;office&nbsp;'''<br>{{{term_start}}}<br>Serving with [[{{{alongside}}}]]

{{!-}}

}}

Depending on circumstances, a therapist may point out to the family interaction patterns that the family might have not noticed; or suggest different ways of responding to other family members. These changes in the way of responding may then trigger repercussions in the whole system, leading to a more satisfactory system state.

==In the United States==

<!----------Predecessor/Successor---------->

Prior to 1999 in California, counselors who specialized in this area were called Marriage, Family and Child Counselors. Today, they are known as Marriage and Family Therapists, (MFTs) and work variously in private practice, in clinical settings such as hospitals, institutions, or counseling organizations.

{{#if:{{{preceded|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Preceded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{preceded}}}

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{succeeded|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Succeeded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{succeeded}}}

{{!-}}

}}

MFTs are often confused with Clinical Social Workers (CSWs). The primary difference in these two professions is that CSWs focus on social relationships in the community as a whole, while MFTs focus on relationships.

<!----------Representative---------->

{{#if:{{{state2|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">'''Member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] from<br>{{{state2}}}'s {{{district}}} district'''</div>

{{!-}}

}}

A master's degree is required to work as an MFT. Most commonly, MFTs will first earn a B.S. or B.A. degree in [[psychology]], and then spend 2 to 3 years completing a program in specific areas of psychology relevant to marriage and family therapy. After graduation, prospective MFTs work as interns.

<!----------Representative Term---------->

{{#if: {{{term4|}}}|<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}} '''In&nbsp;office'''<br>{{{term4}}}

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if: {{{term_start4|}}}|<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"{{!}} '''[[Incumbent]]'''

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if: {{{term_start4|}}}|<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}} '''Assumed&nbsp;office&nbsp;'''<br>{{{term_start4}}}

{{!-}}

}}

Requirements vary, but in most states about 3000 hours of supervised work as an intern are needed to sit for a licensing exam. MFTs must be licensed by the state to practice. Only after completing their education and internship and passing the state licensing exam can they call themselves MFTs and work unsupervised.

License restrictions can vary considerably from state to state. In Ohio, for example, Marriage and Family Therapists are currently not allowed to diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, practice independently, or bill insurance. MFTs in Ohio face a long road of fighting for equality.

<!----------Representative Predecessor/Successor---------->

{{#if:{{{preceded4|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Preceded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{preceded4}}}

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{succeeded4|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Succeeded&nbsp;by

{{!}} {{{succeeded4}}}

{{!-}}

}}

==Founders and key influences ==

<!----------Birth/Death---------->

Some key developers of family therapy are:

|-

|colspan="2"| <hr>

|-

! Born

| {{{date of birth|}}}<br/>{{{place of birth|}}}

|-

{{#if:{{{date of death|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Died

{{!}} {{{date of death}}}<br/>{{{place of death|}}}

{{!-}}

}}

*[[Nathan Ackerman]] ([[psychoanalytic theory|psychoanalytic]])

<!----------Party---------->

*[[Gregory Bateson]] ([[1904]] – [[1980]]) ([[cybernetics]]) <ref>Bateson, G., Jackson, D. D., [[Jay Haley]] & Weakland, J., "Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia", ''Behavioral Science'', vol.1, 1956, 251-264.</ref> <ref>{{cite book | author=Bateson, Gregory | title=Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology | publisher=University Of Chicago Press | year=1972 | id= ISBN 0-226-03905-6}}</ref> <ref>Bateson, Gregory (1979). ''Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity (Advances in [[Systems Theory]], [[Complexity]], and the [[Human Sciences]])''. Hampton Press, ISBN 1-57273-434-5</ref> <ref>Bateson, Gregory (1958). ''Naven''. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-804-70520-8.</ref>

{{#if:{{{party|}}} |<!--then:-->

*[[Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy]] ([[Contextual therapy]], [[relational ethics]])

! Political&nbsp;party

*[[Murray Bowen]] ([[systems theory]])

{{!}} {{#switch:{{{party}}}

*[[John Bradshaw (author)]] ([[systems theory]])

| [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]]

*[[Milton H. Erickson]] ([[hypnotherapy]], [[strategic therapy]])

| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]

*[[James Framo]] ([[object relations theory]])

| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]

*[[Jay Haley]] ([[strategic therapy]], communications)

| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]

*[[Walter Kempler]] ([[Gestalt psychology]])

| [[United States Republican Party]]

*[[Salvador Minuchin]] (structural)

| [[United States Republican Party|Republican]]

*[[Virginia Satir]] (communications and experiential)

| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]

| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]

| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]

| [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]

| [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]

| {{{party}}} }}

{{!-}}

}}

==See also==

<!----------Spouse etc.---------->

*[[Child abuse]]

{{#if:{{{spouse|}}} |<!--then:-->

*[[Conflict resolution]]

! Spouse

*[[Domestic violence]]

{{!}} {{{spouse}}}

*[[Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy]]

{{!-}}

*[[Family]]

}}

*[[Genogram]]

{{#if:{{{profession|}}} |<!--then:-->

*[[Group therapy]]

! Profession

*[[Interpersonal relationship]]

{{!}} {{{profession}}}

*[[Intimate relationship]]

{{!-}}

*[[Marriage]]

}}

*[[Mediation]]

{{#if:{{{religion|}}} |<!--then:-->

*[[Mental health professional]]

! Religion

*[[Relationship counseling]]

{{!}} {{{religion}}}

*[[Relationships Australia]]

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{signature|}}} |<!--then:-->

! Signature

{{!}} [[Image:{{{signature}}}|128px]]

{{!-}}

}}

{{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<!--then:-->

{{!}}colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid; font-size:90%;"{{!}} {{{footnotes}}}

{{!-}}

}}

==External links==

|}<noinclude>{{clear}}<br><hr><br>{{esoteric}}

*[http://www.aamft.org/ American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy]

*[http://www.afta.org American Family Therapy Academy]

*[http://www.marriagefriendlytherapists.com/ American Marriage Friendly Therapists]

*[http://www.aft.org.uk/ Association for Family Therapy and Systemic Practice in the UK]

*[http://www.anzjft.com/ Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy]

*[http://www.thebowencenter.org/pages/theory.html Bowen Theory]

*[http://www.camft.org California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists]

*[http://www.efta-europeanfamilytherapy.com/ European Family Therapy Association]

*[http://www.ifta-familytherapy.org/home.html International Family Therapy Association]

*[http://www.abacon.com/famtherapy/index.html Historical overview of field; Therapist profiles; Timeline]

==Usage Notes ==

<references/>

Copy and paste the template below:

<pre>

{{Infobox_Senator

| name=

| image name=

| jr/sr=

| state=

| term=

| preceded=

| succeeded=

| date of birth=

| place of birth=

| date of death=

| place of death=

| spouse=

| profession=

| religion=

| party=

|}}

</pre>

If Senator is incumbent, use "term_start=" instead of "term=" and add:

<pre>

| alongside= (the name of fellow senator)

</pre>

<!-- (to do: history; main contributors:, etc.; treatment of certain cases of schizophrenia; controversy; examples of interaction patterns and interventions; pointers to other brief therapy approaches, cite sources, add images ) -->

If Senator served as Senate Majority Leader add:

<pre>

|majorityleader= (number of office holder)

|term_start2=

|term_end2=

|predecessor2=

|successor2=

</pre>

If Senator served as Congressman addL

<pre>

| state2=

| district=

| term4=

| preceded4=

| succeeded4=

</pre>

[[Category:people infobox templates|SenatorPsychotherapy]]

[[Category:politics infobox templates|SenatorFamily]]

[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}Parenting]]

</noinclude>

[[ar:علاج التنظيم العائلي]]

[[de:Systemische Therapie]]

[[es:Terapia sistémica]]

[[fr:Thérapie familiale]]

[[it:Terapia familiare]]

[[nl:Systeemtherapie]]

[[sr:Породична терапија]]

[[ja:家族療法]]