Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods: Difference between revisions

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This page shows some comparative examples for different citation methods using shortened notes and full length references in footnotes. These show representations of edit mode views, with examples of how the edits would render to the reader.

=Shortened=Full notesreferences in footnotes== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

===Full references written freehand=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

==Shortened notes with wikilinks==

===Written freehand===

This is an example edit mode representation showing usefull ofreferences shortenedin notesfootnotes written freehand.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> It's followed by a rendering showing how it would look to the reader.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

<pre style="border: none; background:white; margin: 0; padding:0; line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003><cite id=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer, Corby (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC The Joy of Coffee]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I Caffeine and Decaf], Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, 151–170. ISBN:0618302409 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</cite></ref>

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(11):1190–1195. DOI:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 PMID:16772246

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Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(12):1311–1316. PMID:16801515 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.

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</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar , Nicholas (2006-08-15). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]. New York Times. Retrieved on July 28, 2007.</ref>

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>Kummer 2003.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. cit. [[#Kummer2003ch8|Kummer 2003]] p.152</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "[http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform]". ''Hypertension'' 38(2):227–231. PMID:11509481 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.

</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson, S. (2001). "[http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency]". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 56(2):163–170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. DOI:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 PMID:11425281 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]. BBC News. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith, A. (2002). "[http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 Effects of caffeine on human behavior]". ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' 40(9):1243-1255. DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 PMID:12204388 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003). [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources Use and Common Sources of Caffeine].

''Information about Caffeine Dependence''. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm Caffeine in the diet]. ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia''. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

===Full references using citation templates=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

====Citation templates aligned==== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is a representation of how an edit would look with citation templates aligned vertically.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin:1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{

cite book

|last = Kummer

|first = Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|pages = 151–170

|isbn = 0618302409

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 11

|pages = 1190–1195

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 12

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28

}}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|author2=Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

|url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227

|journal = Hypertension

|volume = 38

|issue = 2

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

|format = PDF

|journal = Medical Hypotheses

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

cite web

|author=Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

|url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196

|journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology

|volume = 40

|issue = 9

|pages = 1243-1255

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

====Citation templates unaligned==== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is how the same templates would look running horizontally without any vertical alignment.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{cite book | last = Kummer | first = Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf |chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 | pages = 151–170 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. |author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D. | date = 2006 | title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 11 | pages = 1190–1195 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 | pmid = 16772246 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pereira, Mark A. |author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R. | year = 2006 | title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women. | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 12 | pages = 1311–1316 | pmid = 16801515 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. |author2=Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163–170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence |access-date= 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

===Rendering for footnote full references=== <!--This rendering is produced by copying the above content between the <pre> and </pre> tags into place between the <div> and </div> tags below and, since this is a subsection in this project page and changing "==References==" to ";References".

Also, in order to disambiguate the interlinking between the "Kummer 2003" references from earlier examples, the naming of those references has been explicitly set to "DisambiguateKummer".

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All three of the above footnote examples would render exactly the same. Note that reference No. 5 is a second reference to the supporting source cited in reference No. 1.

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kummer | first = Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf |chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 |access-date= 2008-02-23 | pages = 151–170 | ref = DisambiguateKummer}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. |author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D. | date = 2006 | title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 11 | pages = 1190–1195 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 | pmid = 16772246 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pereira, Mark A. |author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R. | year = 2006 | title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women. | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 12 | pages = 1311–1316 | pmid = 16801515 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152|Ref=DisambiguateKummer}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. |author2=Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163–170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence |access-date= 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>

;References

{{reflist}}

</div>

==Shortened notes== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

===Shortened notes with references written freehand===

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes. Using shortened footnotes in the Refs allows an editorial choice to be made regarding the arrangement of the full citations. These are usually arranged alphabetically by author surname.

In this example, note that the Ref for "Kummer 2003" has been named with the ''name='' parameter, and has been re-used at a second point in the wikitext. For more information regarding this, see [[Wikipedia:Footnotes#Reference name (naming a ref tag so it can be used more than once)]].

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<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer 2003.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>

Coffee'sAlthough negativecaffeine healthhas effectsnot arebeen mostlylinked dueto any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to itswatch their [[caffeine]] contentintake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316,

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

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<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer 2003.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>

{{Fake heading|Notes}}

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Fake heading|References}}

{{refbegin}}

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, {{PMID|11425281}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, {{PMID|16772246}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, {{ISBN|0618302409}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, {{PMID|11509481}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, {{PMID|16801515}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, {{PMID|12204388}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

{{refend}}

</div>

===Shortened notes with wikilinks===

====Shortened notes with wikilinks to references written freehand====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references written freehand. Note that an editorial choice has been made here to specify the page number range of the cited chapter in the initial "Kummer 2003" Ref, and to specify a specific page number in the second Ref, rather than to re-use a named Ref without specifying page numbers as was done above.

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<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] pp.151–170.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refBakalar2006 |reference=Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refBBC2004 |reference=BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refHaines2007 |reference=Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnsHopkins2003 |reference=Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnson2001 |reference=Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKlatsky2006 |reference=Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23 }}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKummer2003 |reference=Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refMahmud2001 |reference=Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refPereira2006 |reference=Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, PMID 16801515, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refSmith2002 |reference=Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, PMID 12204388, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

====Shortened notes with wikilinks using citation templates====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references using citations. The body text is the same as the example above (shortened notes with wikilinks to references written freehand). Note how the citations in the references section do not need to be wrapped in the wikicite template however, as the templates all support the reference anchor parameter.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] pp.151–170.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|330em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

<div class="references-small">

*{{cite web

|ref = refBakalar2006

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 32 ⟶ 311:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}

*{{cite web

|authorref = BBC News = refBBC2004

|coauthors author= Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refHaines2007

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

Line 50 ⟶ 330:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refJohnsHopkins2003

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 58 ⟶ 339:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refJohnson2001

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

Line 69 ⟶ 351:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refKlatsky2006

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors author2= Morton, C.; |author3=Udaltsova, N.; |author4=Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 88 ⟶ 371:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite book

|ref = refKummer2003

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

Line 96 ⟶ 380:

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refMahmud2001

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors author2= Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 114 ⟶ 398:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refPereira2006

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|coauthors author2= Parker, D.; |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 127 ⟶ 412:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refSmith2002

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

Line 140 ⟶ 426:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

{{refend}}

</div>

</syntaxhighlight>

</pre>

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<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup

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Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup

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id="nbFoot07" class="reference">[[#noteFoot07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup

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id="nbFoot10" class="reference">[[#noteFoot10|[10]]]</sup>

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<br><br>

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----

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}

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===Using citation templates===

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{Harvnb|Kummer|2003}}.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.{{sfn|Lesk|2004}} About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,{{sfn|Smith|2002}} and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.{{sfn|Johns Hopkins|2003}} Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.{{sfn|Haines|2007}}

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Klatsky|2006}}.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pereira|2006}}.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bakalar|2006}}.</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mahmud|2001}}.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Johnson|2001}}.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC|2004}}.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{Harvnb|Smith|2002}}.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{Harvnb|JohnsHopkins|2003}}.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haines|2007}}.</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|330em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

<div class="references-small">

*{{Citationcite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 228 ⟶ 458:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|authorlast = BBC News= Lesk

|coauthorsfirst = Lesk, = Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref = CITEREFBBC2004

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|last = Haines

|first = Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

Line 248 ⟶ 477:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|ref = {{harvid|Johns Hopkins|2003}}

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 256 ⟶ 486:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

|ref = CITEREFJohnsHopkins2003

*{{cite journal

}}

*{{Citation

|last = Johnson

|first = S.

Line 269 ⟶ 498:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors last2= Morton, |first2=C.; |last3=Udaltsova, |first3=N.; |last4=Friedman, |first4=D.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 288 ⟶ 517:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{Citationcite book

|last = Kummer

|first = Corby

Line 297 ⟶ 526:

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Lesk

|first = Valerie E.

|last2 = Womble

|first = Stephen P.

|title = Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System

|journal = Behavioral Neuroscience

|year=2004

|month = June

|volume = 118

|issue = 3

|pages = 453-461

}}

*{{Citation

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthorslast2 = Feely, J.

|first2 = J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 328 ⟶ 544:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Pereira

|first = Mark A.

|last2 = Parker

|coauthors = Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R.

|first2 = D.

|last3 = Folsom

|first3 = A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 342 ⟶ 561:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Smith

|first = A.

Line 356 ⟶ 575:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

{{refend}}

</div>

</syntaxhighlight>

</pre>

</div>

===Rendering for shortened notes linked with {{tl|sfn}} and citation templates===

'''Rendering:'''

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup

id="nbFoot01" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC01|[1]]]</sup>

All three of the above shortened notes with wikilinks examples would render exactly the same.

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<sup

id="nbFoot02" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup

id="nbFoot03" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup

id="nbFoot04" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC04|[4]]]</sup>

'''Rendering:'''<!--This rendering is produced by copying the content for the last example above (Shortened notes using {{tl|sfn}} and citation templates) between the <pre> and </pre> tags into place between the <div> and </div> tags below and, since this is a subsection in this project page and changing "==Notes==" and "==References" respectively to use {{Fake heading}}-->

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

id="nbFoot05" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}

id="nbFoot06" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup

id="nbFoot07" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup

id="nbFoot08" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup

id="nbFoot09" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup

id="nbFoot10" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC10|[10]]]</sup>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->

<br><br>

<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>

----

<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">

<ol class="references">

<li id="noteFootHC01"

><b>[[#nbFootHC01|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|Ref=HCKummer2003}}.</li>

<li id="noteFoot02"

><b>[[#nbFootHC02|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Klatsky|2006|Ref=HCKlatsky2006}}.</li>

<li id="noteFoot03"

><b>[[#nbFootHC03|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|Ref=HCPereira2006}}.</li>

<li id="noteFoot04"

><b>[[#nbFootHC04|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Bakalar|2006|Ref=HCBakalar2006}}.</li>

<li id="noteFoot05"

><b>[[#nbFootHC05|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Mahmud|2001|Ref=HCMahmud2001}}.</li>

<li id="noteFoot06"

><b>[[#nbFootHC06|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Johnson|2001|Ref=HCJohnson2001}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC07"

><b>[[#nbFoot07|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|BBC|2004|Ref=HCBBC2004}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC08"

><b>[[#nbFoot08|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Smith|2002|Ref=HCSmith2002}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC09"

><b>[[#nbFoot09|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Johns Hopkins|2003|Ref=HCJohnsHopkins2003}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC10"

><b>[[#nbFoot10|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Haines|2007|Ref=HCHaines2007}}.</li>

</ol></div>

<!--multi back links would be coded...<li id="noteFoot99"

>^ <i>^{[[#nbFootHC99a|a]]}</i> <i>^{[[#nbFootHC99b|b]]}</i> {{Harvnb|Author|2008|Ref=HCAuthor2008}}.</li> -->

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.{{sfn|Lesk|2004}} About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,{{sfn|Smith|2002}} and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.{{sfn|Johns Hopkins|2003}} Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.{{sfn|Haines|2007}}

{{Fake heading|Notes}}

<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>

{{reflist|30em}}

----

<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">

{{Fake heading|References}}

*{{Citation

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 424 ⟶ 605:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

|ref=HCBakalar2006

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|authorlast = BBC News= Lesk

|coauthorsfirst = Lesk, = Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCBBC2004

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|last = Haines

|first = Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

Line 445 ⟶ 624:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCHaines2007

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|ref = {{harvid|Johns Hopkins|2003}}

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 454 ⟶ 633:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

|ref=HCJohnsHopkins2003

*{{cite journal

}}

*{{Citation

|last = Johnson

|first = S.

Line 467 ⟶ 645:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCJohnson2001

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors last2= Morton, |first2=C.; |last3=Udaltsova, |first3=N.; |last4=Friedman, |first4=D.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 487 ⟶ 664:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCKlatsky2006

}}

*{{Citationcite book

|last = Kummer

|first = Corby

Line 497 ⟶ 673:

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCKummer2003

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Lesk

|first = Valerie E.

|last2 = Womble

|first = Stephen P.

|title = Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System

|journal = Behavioral Neuroscience

|year = 2004

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*{{Citation

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthorslast2 = Feely, J.

|first2 = J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 530 ⟶ 691:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCMahmud2001

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*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

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|first2 = D.

|last3 = Folsom

|first3 = A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 545 ⟶ 708:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

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|ref=HCPereira2006

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*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

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|ref=HCSmith2002

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{{refend}}

</div>

</div>

<br>

=Footnotes= <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

----

==Full references written freehand == <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to |{{PAGENAME}}]]

This is an edit mode representation showing full references in footnotes written freehand.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

<!-- This subpage supports example edits for different citation methods, only edit here if you think the examples need further technical work. -->

==Parenthetical references== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This style of citation was a type of referencing used on Wikipedia until September 2020, when a [[Special:PermanentLink/976895063#Deprecate parenthetical citations|community discussion]] reached a consensus to [[deprecation|deprecate]] this format of citation.

Inline [[WP:Parenthetical references|parenthetical references]] are conceptually very much like shortened footnotes, but insert the shortened reference inline into the article body text rather than in a footnote. The advantages are that the source of the reference is shown more clearly, and getting to the full citation takes only one click rather than two with shortened footnotes (one to reach the shortened footnote, a second to reach the full citation). The disadvantage, though, is that the references clutter up the article text, and for this reason, parenthetical references are not nearly as common as shortened footnotes in Wikipedia articles.

===Parenthetical references with references written freehand===

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<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

<pre style="border: none; background:white; margin:0; padding: 0; line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption (Kummer 2003, pp. 151–170).

white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>Kummer, Corby (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC The Joy of Coffee]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I Caffeine and Decaf], Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, 160-165. ISBN:0618302409 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref> (Klatsky 2006), Arthurand L[[gout]].; Morton,Some C.;health Udaltsovaeffects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, N.;as Friedmanthe benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, D.while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190For Coffeeexample, Cirrhosis,the and[[antioxidant]]s Transaminasein Enzymescoffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]]". ''Archivesfrom ofcausing Internalcell Medicine''damage 166(11Bakalar 2006):1190–1195. DOI:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 PMID:16772246

Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(12):1311–1316. PMID:16801515 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].

</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar , Nicholas (2006-08-15). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]. New York Times. Retrieved on [[July 28]], [[2007]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information (BBC 2004). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn (Smith 2002), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects (Johns Hopkins 2003). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults (Haines 2007).

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "[http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform]". ''Hypertension'' 38(2):227–231. PMID:11509481 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].

</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson, S. (2001). "[http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency]". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 56(2):163-170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. DOI:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 PMID:11425281 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]. BBC News. Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith, A. (2002). "[http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 Effects of caffeine on human behavior]". ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' 40(9):1243-1255. DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 PMID:12204388 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003). [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources Use and Common Sources of Caffeine].

''Information about Caffeine Dependence''. Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm Caffeine in the diet]. ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia''. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref>

== References ==

{{reflistrefbegin}}

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

</pre>

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316,

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

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==Full references using citation templates== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption (Kummer 2003, pp. 151–170).

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).

===Citation templates aligned=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information (BBC 2004). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn (Smith 2002), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects (Johns Hopkins 2003). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults (Haines 2007).

This is a representation of how an edit would look with citation templates aligned vertically.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

{{Fake heading|References}}

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin:1em; padding: 4px">

{{refbegin}}

<pre style="border: none; background:white; margin:0; padding: 0; line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, {{PMID|11425281}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, {{PMID|16772246}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, {{ISBN|0618302409}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, {{PMID|11509481}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, {{PMID|16801515}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, {{PMID|12204388}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

{{refend}}

</div>

===Parenthetical references with wikilinks===

====Parenthetical references with wikilinks to references written freehand====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references including wikilinks from the notes to the references written freehand. <div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], pp.151–170).

cite book

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]),<ref>{{ and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).

cite journal

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information ([[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]]). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn ([[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]]), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects ([[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]]). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults ([[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]]).

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refBakalar2006 |reference=Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refBBC2004 |reference=BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refHaines2007 |reference=Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnsHopkins2003 |reference=Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnson2001 |reference=Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKlatsky2006 |reference=Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23 }}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKummer2003 |reference=Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refMahmud2001 |reference=Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refPereira2006 |reference=Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, PMID 16801515, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refSmith2002 |reference=Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, PMID 12204388, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

====Parenthetical references with wikilinks using citation templates====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references including wikilinks from the notes to the references using citations. The body text is the same as the example above (parenthetical references with wikilinks to references written freehand). Note how the citations in the references section do not need to be wrapped in the wikicite template however, as the templates all support the reference anchor parameter.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], pp.151–170).

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information ([[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]]). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn ([[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]]), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects ([[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]]). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults ([[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]]).

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refBakalar2006

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refBBC2004

|author=Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refHaines2007

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refJohnsHopkins2003

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refJohnson2001

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

|format = PDF

|journal = Medical Hypotheses

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refKlatsky2006

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors author2= Morton, C.; |author3=Udaltsova, N.; |author4=Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 632 ⟶ 900:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{

*{{cite journalbook

|authorref = Pereira, Mark A.= refKummer2003

|author = Kummer, Corby

|coauthors = Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R.

|year = 20062003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|url = http://archintebooks.ama-assngoogle.orgcom/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|journalchapter = ArchivesCaffeine ofand Internal MedicineDecaf

|chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|volume = 166

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|issue = 12

|pagesisbn = 1311–13160618302409

|access-date= 2008-02-23

|pmid = 16801515

}}

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

*{{cite journal

}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

|ref = refMahmud2001

cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate = 2007-07-28

}}</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors author2= Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 670 ⟶ 927:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{

*{{cite journal

|ref = refPereira2006

|author = Johnson, S.

|dateauthor = Pereira, =Mark 2001A.

|author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|year = 2006

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|format = PDF

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311

|journal = Medical Hypotheses

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 56

|issue volume = 2166

|pagesissue = 163-17012

|pages = 1311–1316

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi pmid = 10.1054/mehy.2000.113316801515

|access-date= 2008-02-23

|pmid = 11425281

}}

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

*{{cite journal

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

|ref = refSmith2002

cite web

|author = BBC News

|coauthors = Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

Line 707 ⟶ 955:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{

{{refend}}

cite web

</syntaxhighlight>

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</pre>

</div>

===={{anchor|harv}}Parenthetical references linked with {{tl|harv}} and citation templates====

===Citation templates unaligned=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is how the same templates would look running horizontally without any vertical alignment. <!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references written using {{tl|harv}} with citation templates.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> Templates in the {{cite xxx}} and {{tl|citation}} families allow linking from {{tl|harv}} via matching author last names and year (part of date). Overriding ref parameter CITEREF''SurnameYear'' may also be used (e.g. when coauthor names mismatch).

Alternatives to {{tl|harv}} are:

*Template {{tl|harvnb}} omits the parentheses ("brackets") and can be used to [[WP:CITE#Bundling citations|bundle citations]] together inside a single surrounding pair of parens.

*Template {{tl|harvtxt}} moves the last name outside of the parens ("brackets") and is useful when you want to use the author name as the subject or object of a phrase, e.g. "According to Smith (2009, p. 25), …".

*Templates {{tl|harvcol}}, {{tl|harvcolnb}} and {{tl|harvcoltxt}} are similar but use a colon to separate the page number instead of an abbreviation like "p.". Hence, the output of {{tl|harvcoltxt}} would look something like "According to Smith (2009:25), …".

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption {{harv|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}.

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{cite book | author = Kummer, Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | pages = 160-165 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref> {{cite journal harv| last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. Morton| coauthors = Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; |Friedman, D. | date = 2006 | title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 11 | pages = 1190–1195 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 | pmid = 16772246 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref> {{cite journal harv| author = Pereira, Mark A. | coauthors = Parker, D.; |Folsom, A.R. | year = 2006 | title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women. | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 12 | pages = 1311–1316 | pmid = 16801515 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref> {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.

cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

| accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Coffee'sAlthough negativecaffeine healthhas effectsnot arebeen mostlylinked dueto any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to itswatch their [[caffeine]] contentintake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref> {{cite journal harv| last = Mahmud | first = A. | coauthors = Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref> {{cite journal harv| author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163-170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>, and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref> {{cite web harv| author = BBC News | coauthors = Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>. About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref> {{cite journal harv|author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>, and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref> {{cite web harv| author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence | accessdate = 2008-02-23 }}</ref>. Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref> {{cite web harv| author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>.

== References ==

{{reflistrefbegin}}

*{{cite web

</pre>

|last = Bakalar

</div>

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

==Rendering for footnote full references == <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

All three of the above footnote examples would render exactly the same.

|publisher = New York Times

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<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

|access-date= 2007-07-28

so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->

}}

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{

*{{cite bookweb

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}}

*{{cite web

|last = Haines

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|year = 2007

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*{{cite web

|ref = {{harvid|Johns Hopkins|2003}}

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

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|title = TheUse Joyand Common Sources of CoffeeCaffeine

|url = http://bookswww.googlecaffeinedependence.comorg/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wCcaffeine_dependence.html#sources

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|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

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*{{cite journal

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|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{

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*{{cite journal

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|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{

*{{cite journalbook

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*{{cite journal

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Line 800 ⟶ 1,090:

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|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

*{{cite web journal

|last = Smith

|first = A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

|url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196

|journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology

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{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

===Rendering for parenthetical references linked with {{tl|harv}} and citation templates===

All three of the above parenthetical references with links examples would render exactly the same.

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<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption {{harv|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}.

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information {{harv|Lesk|2004}}. About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn {{harv|Smith|2002}}, and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects {{harv|Johns Hopkins|2003}}. Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults {{harv|Haines|2007}}.

{{Fake heading|References}}

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refBakalar2006

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 809 ⟶ 1,132:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}</ref>

*{{cite web

|ref = refBBC2004

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{

|author=Lesk, Valerie

cite journal

|lastdate = Mahmud2004-07-20

|firsttitle = A. coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|coauthors = Feely, J.

|year publisher = 2001BBC News

|access-date= 2008-02-23

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

}}

|url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227

*{{cite web

|journal = Hypertension

|volumeref = 38 = refHaines2007

|issue author = 2Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|pagesyear = 227–231= 2007

|pmid title = 11509481Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

cite journal

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refJohnsHopkins2003

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refJohnson2001

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

Line 836 ⟶ 1,172:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

*{{cite webjournal

|authorref = BBC News = refKlatsky2006

|last = Klatsky

|coauthors = Lesk, Valerie

|date first = 2004-07-20Arthur L.

|author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D.

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|date = 2006

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|publisher = BBC News

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{

|volume = 166

cite journal

|issue = 11

|pages = 1190–1195

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite book

|ref = refKummer2003

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

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|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refMahmud2001

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|author2=Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

|url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227

|journal = Hypertension

|volume = 38

|issue = 2

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refPereira2006

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 12

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refSmith2002

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

Line 862 ⟶ 1,247:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{

{{refend}}

cite web

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>

----

{{reflist}}

</div>

<br>

----

[[Category:Bibliography | {{PAGENAME}}]]

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to |{{PAGENAME}}]]

<!-- This subpage supports example edits for different citation methods, only edit here if you think the examples need further technical work. -->