Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods: Difference between revisions

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This page shows some comparative examples for different citation methods using shortened notes and full length references in footnotes. These show representations of edit mode views, with examples of how the edits would render to the reader.

==Full references in footnotes== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

{| align="right" style="background:none;"

===Full references written freehand=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

|{{shortcut|WP:CITEX}}<!--BetacommandBot Exclude-->

|}

This is an edit mode representation showing full references in footnotes written freehand.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003><cite id=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer, Corby (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC The Joy of Coffee]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I Caffeine and Decaf], Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, 151–170. ISBN:0618302409 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</cite></ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(11):1190–1195. DOI:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 PMID:16772246

Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(12):1311–1316. PMID:16801515 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.

</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar , Nicholas (2006-08-15). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]. New York Times. Retrieved on July 28, 2007.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. cit. [[#Kummer2003ch8|Kummer 2003]] p.152</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "[http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform]". ''Hypertension'' 38(2):227–231. PMID:11509481 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.

</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson, S. (2001). "[http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency]". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 56(2):163–170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. DOI:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 PMID:11425281 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]. BBC News. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith, A. (2002). "[http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 Effects of caffeine on human behavior]". ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' 40(9):1243-1255. DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 PMID:12204388 Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003). [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources Use and Common Sources of Caffeine].

''Information about Caffeine Dependence''. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm Caffeine in the diet]. ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia''. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on February 23, 2008.</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

===Full references using citation templates=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

====Citation templates aligned==== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is a representation of how an edit would look with citation templates aligned vertically.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin:1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{

cite book

|last = Kummer

|first = Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|pages = 151–170

|isbn = 0618302409

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 11

|pages = 1190–1195

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 12

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28

}}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|author2=Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

|url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227

|journal = Hypertension

|volume = 38

|issue = 2

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

|format = PDF

|journal = Medical Hypotheses

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

cite web

|author=Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

|url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196

|journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology

|volume = 40

|issue = 9

|pages = 1243-1255

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

====Citation templates unaligned==== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is how the same templates would look running horizontally without any vertical alignment.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{cite book | last = Kummer | first = Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf |chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 | pages = 151–170 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. |author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D. | date = 2006 | title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 11 | pages = 1190–1195 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 | pmid = 16772246 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pereira, Mark A. |author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R. | year = 2006 | title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women. | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 12 | pages = 1311–1316 | pmid = 16801515 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. |author2=Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163–170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence |access-date= 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

===Rendering for footnote full references=== <!--This rendering is produced by copying the above content between the <pre> and </pre> tags into place between the <div> and </div> tags below and, since this is a subsection in this project page and changing "==References==" to ";References".

Also, in order to disambiguate the interlinking between the "Kummer 2003" references from earlier examples, the naming of those references has been explicitly set to "DisambiguateKummer".

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All three of the above footnote examples would render exactly the same. Note that reference No. 5 is a second reference to the supporting source cited in reference No. 1.

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kummer | first = Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf |chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 |access-date= 2008-02-23 | pages = 151–170 | ref = DisambiguateKummer}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. |author2=Morton, C. |author3=Udaltsova, N. |author4=Friedman, D. | date = 2006 | title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 11 | pages = 1190–1195 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 | pmid = 16772246 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pereira, Mark A. |author2=Parker, D. |author3=Folsom, A.R. | year = 2006 | title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women. | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 12 | pages = 1311–1316 | pmid = 16801515 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|access-date= 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>Op. Cit. {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|p=152|Ref=DisambiguateKummer}}</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. |author2=Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163–170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence |access-date= 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date= 2008-02-23}}</ref>

;References

{{reflist}}

</div>

==Shortened notes== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

===Shortened notes with references written freehand===

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> It's followed by a rendering showing how it would look to the reader.

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes. Using shortened footnotes in the Refs allows an editorial choice to be made regarding the arrangement of the full citations. These are usually arranged alphabetically by author surname.

In this example, note that the Ref for "Kummer 2003" has been named with the ''name='' parameter, and has been re-used at a second point in the wikitext. For more information regarding this, see [[Wikipedia:Footnotes#Reference name (naming a ref tag so it can be used more than once)]].

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<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer 2003.</ref>

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>Kummer 2003.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>

Coffee'sAlthough negativecaffeine healthhas effectsnot arebeen mostlylinked dueto any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to itswatch their [[caffeine]] contentintake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316,

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

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<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8>Kummer 2003.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref name=Kummer2003ch8 /> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>

{{Fake heading|Notes}}

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Fake heading|References}}

{{refbegin}}

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, {{PMID|11425281}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, {{PMID|16772246}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, {{ISBN|0618302409}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, {{PMID|11509481}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, {{PMID|16801515}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, {{PMID|12204388}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

{{refend}}

</div>

===Shortened notes with wikilinks===

====Shortened notes with wikilinks to references written freehand====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references written freehand. Note that an editorial choice has been made here to specify the page number range of the cited chapter in the initial "Kummer 2003" Ref, and to specify a specific page number in the second Ref, rather than to re-use a named Ref without specifying page numbers as was done above.

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<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] pp.151–170.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refBakalar2006 |reference=Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refBBC2004 |reference=BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refHaines2007 |reference=Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnsHopkins2003 |reference=Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnson2001 |reference=Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKlatsky2006 |reference=Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23 }}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKummer2003 |reference=Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refMahmud2001 |reference=Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refPereira2006 |reference=Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, PMID 16801515, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refSmith2002 |reference=Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, PMID 12204388, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

====Shortened notes with wikilinks using citation templates====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes including wikilinks from the notes to the references using citations. The body text is the same as the example above (shortened notes with wikilinks to references written freehand). Note how the citations in the references section do not need to be wrapped in the wikicite template however, as the templates all support the reference anchor parameter.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] pp.151–170.</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.<ref>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]] p.152.</ref> Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|330em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

<div class="references-small">

*{{cite web

|ref = refBakalar2006

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 34 ⟶ 311:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}

*{{cite web

|authorref = BBC News = refBBC2004

|coauthors author= Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refHaines2007

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

Line 52 ⟶ 330:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refJohnsHopkins2003

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 60 ⟶ 339:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refJohnson2001

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

Line 71 ⟶ 351:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refKlatsky2006

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors author2= Morton, C.; |author3=Udaltsova, N.; |author4=Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 90 ⟶ 371:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite book

|ref = refKummer2003

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

Line 98 ⟶ 380:

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refMahmud2001

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors author2= Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 116 ⟶ 398:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refPereira2006

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|coauthors author2= Parker, D.; |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 129 ⟶ 412:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|ref = refSmith2002

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

Line 142 ⟶ 426:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

{{refend}}

</div>

</syntaxhighlight>

</pre>

</div>

===={{anchor|harvnb}}{{anchor|sfn}}Shortened notes linked with {{tl|sfn}} and citation templates====

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<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup

id="nbFoot01" class="reference">[[#noteFoot01|[1]]]</sup>

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<sup

id="nbFoot02" class="reference">[[#noteFoot02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup

id="nbFoot03" class="reference">[[#noteFoot03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup

id="nbFoot04" class="reference">[[#noteFoot04|[4]]]</sup>

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Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup

id="nbFoot05" class="reference">[[#noteFoot05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup

id="nbFoot06" class="reference">[[#noteFoot06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup

id="nbFoot07" class="reference">[[#noteFoot07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup

id="nbFoot08" class="reference">[[#noteFoot08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup

id="nbFoot09" class="reference">[[#noteFoot09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup

id="nbFoot10" class="reference">[[#noteFoot10|[10]]]</sup>

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

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<br><br>

<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>

----

<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">

<ol class="references">

<li id="noteFoot01"

><b>[[#nbFoot01|^]]</b> Kummer 2003.</li>

<li id="noteFoot02"

><b>[[#nbFoot02|^]]</b> Klatsky 2006.</li>

<li id="noteFoot03"

><b>[[#nbFoot03|^]]</b> Pereira 2006.</li>

<li id="noteFoot04"

><b>[[#nbFoot04|^]]</b> Bakalar 2006.</li>

<li id="noteFoot05"

><b>[[#nbFoot05|^]]</b> Mahmud 2006.</li>

<li id="noteFoot06"

><b>[[#nbFoot06|^]]</b> Johnson 2001.</li>

<li id="noteFoot07"

><b>[[#nbFoot07|^]]</b> BBC 2004.</li>

<li id="noteFoot08"

><b>[[#nbFoot08|^]]</b> Smith 2002.</li>

<li id="noteFoot09"

><b>[[#nbFoot09|^]]</b> Johns Hopkins 2003.</li>

<li id="noteFoot10"

><b>[[#nbFoot10|^]]</b> Haines 2007.</li>

</ol></div>

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<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

----

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}

<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.{{sfn|Lesk|2004}} About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,{{sfn|Smith|2002}} and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.{{sfn|Johns Hopkins|2003}} Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.{{sfn|Haines|2007}}

== Notes ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite web

|last = Bakalar

Line 208 ⟶ 458:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}

*{{cite web

|authorlast = BBC News= Lesk

|coauthorsfirst = Lesk, = Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|authorlast = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|first = Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

Line 226 ⟶ 477:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite web

|ref = {{harvid|Johns Hopkins|2003}}

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 234 ⟶ 486:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|authorlast = Johnson, S.

|date first = 2001S.

|year = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

Line 245 ⟶ 498:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors last2= Morton, |first2=C.; |last3=Udaltsova, |first3=N.; |last4=Friedman, |first4=D.

|dateyear = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

Line 264 ⟶ 517:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite book

|authorlast = Kummer, Corby

|first = Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthorslast2 = Feely, J.

|first2 = J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 290 ⟶ 544:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|authorlast = Pereira, Mark= A.Pereira

|coauthorsfirst = Parker, D.; Folsom, = Mark A.R.

|last2 = Parker

|first2 = D.

|last3 = Folsom

|first3 = A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 303 ⟶ 561:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

|authorlast = Smith, A.

|first = A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

Line 316 ⟶ 575:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

{{refend}}

</div>

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]].</ref>

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Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],{{sfn|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}} and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.{{sfn|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}} For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.{{sfn|Bakalar|2006}}

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines 2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether.{{sfn|Kummer|2003|p=152}} Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.{{sfn|Mahmud|Feely|2001}} Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],{{sfn|Johnson|2001}} and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.{{sfn|Lesk|2004}} About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,{{sfn|Smith|2002}} and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.{{sfn|Johns Hopkins|2003}} Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.{{sfn|Haines|2007}}

== Notes ==

{{reflist|3}}

{{Fake heading|Notes}}

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

<div class="references-small">

*<cite id=refBakalar2006>{{cite web

{{Fake heading|References}}

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 348 ⟶ 605:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refBBC2004>{{cite web

|authorlast = BBC News= Lesk

|coauthorsfirst = Lesk, = Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refHaines2007>{{cite web

|authorlast = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|first = Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

Line 366 ⟶ 624:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refJohnsHopkins2003>{{cite web

|ref = {{harvid|Johns Hopkins|2003}}

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 374 ⟶ 633:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refJohnson2001>{{cite journal

|authorlast = Johnson, S.

|date first = 2001S.

|year = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

Line 385 ⟶ 645:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refKlatsky2006>{{cite journal

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors last2= Morton, |first2=C.; |last3=Udaltsova, |first3=N.; |last4=Friedman, |first4=D.

|dateyear = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

Line 404 ⟶ 664:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refKummer2003>{{cite book

|authorlast = Kummer, Corby

|first = Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refMahmud2001>{{cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthorslast2 = Feely, J.

|first2 = J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 430 ⟶ 691:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refPereira2006>{{cite journal

|authorlast = Pereira, Mark= A.Pereira

|coauthorsfirst = Parker, D.; Folsom, = Mark A.R.

|last2 = Parker

|first2 = D.

|last3 = Folsom

|first3 = A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 443 ⟶ 708:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refSmith2002>{{cite journal

|authorlast = Smith, A.

|first = A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

Line 456 ⟶ 722:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

{{refend}}

</div>

</pre>

<br>

----

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to |{{PAGENAME}}]]

<!-- This subpage supports example edits for different citation methods, only edit here if you think the examples need further technical work. -->

==Parenthetical references== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This style of citation was a type of referencing used on Wikipedia until September 2020, when a [[Special:PermanentLink/976895063#Deprecate parenthetical citations|community discussion]] reached a consensus to [[deprecation|deprecate]] this format of citation.

Inline [[WP:Parenthetical references|parenthetical references]] are conceptually very much like shortened footnotes, but insert the shortened reference inline into the article body text rather than in a footnote. The advantages are that the source of the reference is shown more clearly, and getting to the full citation takes only one click rather than two with shortened footnotes (one to reach the shortened footnote, a second to reach the full citation). The disadvantage, though, is that the references clutter up the article text, and for this reason, parenthetical references are not nearly as common as shortened footnotes in Wikipedia articles.

===Parenthetical references with references written freehand===

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references, written freehand. Done this way, there is no linking from the references to the citation, so the user has to manually scroll down to find the citation.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption (Kummer 2003, pp. 151–170).

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information (BBC 2004). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn (Smith 2002), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects (Johns Hopkins 2003). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults (Haines 2007).

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316,

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

'''Rendering:'''<!--This rendering is produced by copying the above content between the <pre> and </pre> tags into place between the <div> and </div> tags below and, since this is a subsection in this project page and changing "==Notes==" and "==References==" respectively to ";Notes" and ";References.-->

'''Rendering:'''

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption (Kummer 2003, pp. 151–170).

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup

id="nbWlFoot01" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot01|[1]]]</sup>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] (Klatsky 2006),<sup and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components (Pereira 2006). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage (Bakalar 2006).

id="nbWlFoot02" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup

id="nbWlFoot03" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup

id="nbWlFoot04" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot04|[4]]]</sup>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether (Kummer 2003, p. 152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls (Mahmud 2001). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] (Johnson 2001) and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information (BBC 2004). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn (Smith 2002), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects (Johns Hopkins 2003). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults (Haines 2007).

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup

id="nbWlFoot05" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup

{{Fake heading|References}}

id="nbWlFoot06" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup

{{refbegin}}

id="nbWlFoot07" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup

* Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28

id="nbWlFoot08" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup

* BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23

id="nbWlFoot09" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup

* Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23

id="nbWlFoot10" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot10|[10]]]</sup>

* Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

* Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, {{PMID|11425281}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->

* Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, {{PMID|16772246}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

<br><br>

* Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, {{ISBN|0618302409}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>

* Lesk, Valerie E.; Womble, Stephen P. (June 2004), "Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System", Behavioral Neuroscience '''118''' (3): 453-461

----

* Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, {{PMID|11509481}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">

* Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, {{PMID|16801515}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

<ol class="references">

* Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, {{PMID|12204388}}, retrieved 2008-02-23

<li id="noteWlFoot01"

{{refend}}

><b>[[#nbWlFoot01|^]]</b> [[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]].</li>

</div>

<li id="noteWlFoot02"

><b>[[#nbWlFoot02|^]]</b> [[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</li>

===Parenthetical references with wikilinks===

<li id="noteWlFoot03"

====Parenthetical references with wikilinks to references written freehand====

><b>[[#nbWlFoot03|^]]</b> [[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</li>

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references including wikilinks from the notes to the references written freehand. <div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<li id="noteWlFoot04"

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="border: none; background:white; margin: 0; padding:0; line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;

><b>[[#nbWlFoot04|^]]</b> [[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</li>

white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;

<li id="noteWlFoot05"

white-space: -o-pre-wrap;

><b>[[#nbWlFoot05|^]]</b> [[#refMahmud2006|Mahmud 2006]].</li>

white-space: -pre-wrap;

<li id="noteWlFoot06"

white-space: pre-wrap">

><b>[[#nbWlFoot06|^]]</b> [[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</li>

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], pp.151–170).

<li id="noteWlFoot07"

><b>[[#nbWlFoot07|^]]</b> [[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</li>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).

<li id="noteWlFoot08"

><b>[[#nbWlFoot08|^]]</b> [[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</li>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information ([[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]]). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn ([[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]]), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects ([[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]]). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults ([[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]]).

<li id="noteWlFoot09"

><b>[[#nbWlFoot09|^]]</b> [[#refJohnsHopkins 2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</li>

== References ==

<li id="noteWlFoot10"

{{refbegin}}

><b>[[#nbWlFoot10|^]]</b> [[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</li>

* {{wikicite |ref=refBakalar2006 |reference=Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15), ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]'', New York Times, retrieved 2007-07-28}}

</ol></div>

* {{wikicite |ref=refBBC2004 |reference=BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]'', BBC News, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>

* {{wikicite |ref=refHaines2007 |reference=Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm "Caffeine in the diet"], ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'' (The U.S. National Library of Medicine), retrieved 2008-02-23}}

----

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnsHopkins2003 |reference=Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003), [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources "Use and Common Sources of Caffeine"], ''Information about Caffeine Dependence'', retrieved 2008-02-23}}

<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">

* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnson2001 |reference=Johnson, S. (2001), [http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency"] (PDF), ''Medical Hypotheses''(Harcourt Publishers Ltd) '''56''' (2): 163–170, doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133, PMID 11425281, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

*<cite id=refBakalar2006>{{cite web

* {{wikicite |ref=refKlatsky2006 |reference=Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 "Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes"], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (11): 1190–1195, doi:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190, PMID 16772246, retrieved 2008-02-23 }}

* {{wikicite |ref=refKummer2003 |reference=Kummer, Corby (2003), [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I "Caffeine and Decaf"], ''The Joy of Coffee'', Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, ISBN 0618302409, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refMahmud2001 |reference=Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001), [http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform"], ''Hypertension'' '''38''' (2): 227–231, PMID 11509481, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refPereira2006 |reference=Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006), [http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women."], ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''166''' (12): 1311–1316, PMID 16801515, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

* {{wikicite |ref=refSmith2002 |reference=Smith, A. (2002), [http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 "Effects of caffeine on human behavior"], ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' '''40''' (9): 1243-1255, doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0, PMID 12204388, retrieved 2008-02-23}}

{{refend}}

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

====Parenthetical references with wikilinks using citation templates====

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references including wikilinks from the notes to the references using citations. The body text is the same as the example above (parenthetical references with wikilinks to references written freehand). Note how the citations in the references section do not need to be wrapped in the wikicite template however, as the templates all support the reference anchor parameter.

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], pp.151–170).

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] ([#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]]), and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components ([[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]). For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage ([[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]]).

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether ([[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]], p.152). Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls ([[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]]). Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] ([[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]]), and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information ([[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]]). About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn ([[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]]), and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects ([[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]]). Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults ([[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]]).

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

*{{cite web

|ref = refBakalar2006

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 519 ⟶ 840:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refBBC2004>{{cite web

|authorref = BBC News = refBBC2004

|coauthors author= Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refHaines2007>{{cite web

|ref = refHaines2007

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

Line 537 ⟶ 859:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refJohnsHopkins2003>{{cite web

|ref = refJohnsHopkins2003

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 545 ⟶ 868:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refJohnson2001>{{cite journal

|ref = refJohnson2001

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

Line 556 ⟶ 880:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refKlatsky2006>{{cite journal

|ref = refKlatsky2006

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors author2= Morton, C.; |author3=Udaltsova, N.; |author4=Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 575 ⟶ 900:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refKummer2003>{{cite book

|ref = refKummer2003

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

Line 583 ⟶ 909:

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refMahmud2001>{{cite journal

|ref = refMahmud2001

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors author2= Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 601 ⟶ 927:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refPereira2006>{{cite journal

|ref = refPereira2006

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|coauthors author2= Parker, D.; |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 614 ⟶ 941:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

*<cite id=refSmith2002>{{cite journal

|ref = refSmith2002

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

Line 627 ⟶ 955:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}</cite>

{{refend}}

</div>

</syntaxhighlight>

</div>

===={{anchor|harv}}Parenthetical references linked with {{tl|harv}} and citation templates====

===Shortened notes with {{tl|Harvnb}} and {{tl|Citation}} links===

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of inline parenthetical references written using {{tl|harv}} with citation templates.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> Templates in the {{cite xxx}} and {{tl|citation}} families allow linking from {{tl|harv}} via matching author last names and year (part of date). Overriding ref parameter CITEREF''SurnameYear'' may also be used (e.g. when coauthor names mismatch).

Alternatives to {{tl|harv}} are:

This is an example edit mode representation showing use of shortened notes written using the {{tl|Harvnb}} and {{tl|Citation}} templates.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work--> The templates include auto linking with matching author surnames and dates.

*Template {{tl|harvnb}} omits the parentheses ("brackets") and can be used to [[WP:CITE#Bundling citations|bundle citations]] together inside a single surrounding pair of parens.

*Template {{tl|harvtxt}} moves the last name outside of the parens ("brackets") and is useful when you want to use the author name as the subject or object of a phrase, e.g. "According to Smith (2009, p. 25), …".

*Templates {{tl|harvcol}}, {{tl|harvcolnb}} and {{tl|harvcoltxt}} are similar but use a colon to separate the page number instead of an abbreviation like "p.". Hence, the output of {{tl|harvcoltxt}} would look something like "According to Smith (2009:25), …".

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">

<pre style="border: none; background:white; margin: 0; padding:0; line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption {{harv|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}.

white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;

white-space: -o-pre-wrap;

white-space: -pre-wrap;

white-space: pre-wrap">

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{Harvnb|Kummer|2003}}.</ref>

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information {{harv|Lesk|2004}}. About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn {{harv|Smith|2002}}, and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects {{harv|Johns Hopkins|2003}}. Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults {{harv|Haines|2007}}.

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Klatsky|2006}}.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pereira|2006}}.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bakalar|2006}}.</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mahmud|2001}}.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Johnson|2001}}.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC|2004}}.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{Harvnb|Smith|2002}}.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{Harvnb|JohnsHopkins|2003}}.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haines|2007}}.</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|3}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}

<div class="references-small">

*{{Citationcite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 661 ⟶ 987:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|authorlast = BBC News= Lesk

|coauthorsfirst = Lesk, = Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref = CITEREFBBC2004

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|last = Haines

|first = Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

Line 681 ⟶ 1,006:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|ref = {{harvid|Johns Hopkins|2003}}

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 689 ⟶ 1,015:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

|ref = CITEREFJohnsHopkins2003

*{{cite journal

}}

*{{Citation

|last = Johnson

|first = S.

Line 702 ⟶ 1,027:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors last2= Morton, |first2=C.; |last3=Udaltsova, |first3=N.; |last4=Friedman, |first4=D.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

Line 721 ⟶ 1,046:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

*{{Citationcite book

|last = Kummer

|first = Corby

Line 730 ⟶ 1,055:

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

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|last2 = Womble

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|issue = 3

|pages = 453-461

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*{{Citation

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|coauthorslast2 = Feely, J.

|first = J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

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|pmid = 11509481

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|last3 = Folsom

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|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

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|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

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*{{cite journal

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|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

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{{refend}}

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</syntaxhighlight>

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===Rendering for parenthetical references linked with {{tl|harv}} and citation templates===

'''Rendering:'''

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup

id="nbFootHC01" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC01|[1]]]</sup>

All three of the above parenthetical references with links examples would render exactly the same.

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<sup

id="nbFootHC02" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup

id="nbFootHC03" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup

id="nbFootHC04" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC04|[4]]]</sup>

'''Rendering:'''<!--This rendering is produced by copying the content for the last example above (Parenthetical references linked with {{tl|harv}} and citation templates) between the <pre> and </pre> tags into place between the <div> and </div> tags below and, since this is a subsection in this project page and changing "==Notes==" and "==References" respectively to use {{Fake heading}}-->

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup

<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

id="nbFootHC05" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption {{harv|Kummer|2003|pp=151–170}}.

id="nbFootHC06" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup

id="nbFootHC07" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup

id="nbFootHC08" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup

id="nbFootHC09" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup

id="nbFootHC10" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC10|[10]]]</sup>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]] {{harv|Klatsky|Morton|Udaltsova|Friedman|2006}}, and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components {{harv|Pereira|Parker|Folsom|2006}}. For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage {{harv|Bakalar|2006}}.

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->

<br><br>

<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>

----

<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">

<ol class="references">

<li id="noteFootHC01"

><b>[[#nbFootHC01|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|Ref=HCKummer2003}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC02"

><b>[[#nbFootHC02|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Klatsky|2006|Ref=HCKlatsky2006}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC03"

><b>[[#nbFootHC03|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|Ref=HCPereira2006}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC04"

><b>[[#nbFootHC04|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Bakalar|2006|Ref=HCBakalar2006}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC05"

><b>[[#nbFootHC05|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Mahmud|2001|Ref=HCMahmud2001}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC06"

><b>[[#nbFootHC06|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Johnson|2001|Ref=HCJohnson2001}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC07"

><b>[[#nbFootHC07|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|BBC|2004|Ref=HCBBC2004}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC08"

><b>[[#nbFootHC08|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Smith|2002|Ref=HCSmith2002}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC09"

><b>[[#nbFootHC09|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Johns Hopkins|2003|Ref=HCJohnsHopkins2003}}.</li>

<li id="noteFootHC10"

><b>[[#nbFootHC10|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Haines|2007|Ref=HCHaines2007}}.</li>

</ol></div>

<!--multi back links would be coded...<li id="noteFoot99"

>^ <i>^{[[#nbFootHC99a|a]]}</i> <i>^{[[#nbFootHC99b|b]]}</i> {{Harvnb|Author|2008|Ref=HCAuthor2008}}.</li> -->

Although caffeine has not been linked to any life-threatening disease, doctors and nurses routinely advise some patients to watch their caffeine intake or to eliminate it altogether {{harv|Kummer|2003|p=152}}. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls {{harv|Mahmud|Feely|2001}}. Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]] {{harv|Johnson|2001}}, and may be a risk factor for [[coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information {{harv|Lesk|2004}}. About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn {{harv|Smith|2002}}, and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects {{harv|Johns Hopkins|2003}}. Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults {{harv|Haines|2007}}.

{{Fake heading|References}}

<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>

{{refbegin}}

----

*{{cite web

<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">

|ref = refBakalar2006

*{{Citation

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

Line 857 ⟶ 1,132:

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate access-date= 2007-07-28

|ref=HCBakalar2006

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|authorref = BBC News = refBBC2004

|coauthors author= Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCBBC2004

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|lastref = HainesrefHaines2007

|first author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

Line 878 ⟶ 1,151:

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCHaines2007

}}

*{{Citationcite web

|ref = refJohnsHopkins2003

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

Line 887 ⟶ 1,160:

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

}}

|ref=HCJohnsHopkins2003

*{{cite journal

}}

|ref = refJohnson2001

*{{Citation

|last author = Johnson, S.

|firstdate = S.2001

|year = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

Line 900 ⟶ 1,172:

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170163–170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCJohnson2001

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|ref = refKlatsky2006

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors author2= Morton, C.; |author3=Udaltsova, N.; |author4=Friedman, D.

|yeardate = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

Line 920 ⟶ 1,192:

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCKlatsky2006

}}

*{{Citationcite book

|lastref = KummerrefKummer2003

|first author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl chapter-url= http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCKummer2003

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|lastref = LeskrefMahmud2001

|first = Valerie E.

|last2 = Womble

|first = Stephen P.

|title = Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System

|journal = Behavioral Neuroscience

|year = 2004

|month = June

|volume = 118

|issue = 3

|pages = 453-461

|ref=HCLesk2004

}}

*{{Citation

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors author2= Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

Line 963 ⟶ 1,219:

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCMahmud2001

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|lastref = PereirarefPereira2006

|first author = Pereira, Mark A.

|coauthors author2= Parker, D.; |author3=Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

Line 978 ⟶ 1,233:

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCPereira2006

}}

*{{cite journal

*{{Citation

|lastref = SmithrefSmith2002

|first author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

Line 993 ⟶ 1,247:

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate access-date= 2008-02-23

|ref=HCSmith2002

}}

{{refend}}

</div>

</div>

==Footnotes== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

===Full references written freehand === <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is an edit mode representation showing full references in footnotes written freehand.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">

<pre style="border: none; background:white; margin:0; padding: 0; line-height: 130%; word-wrap: break-word;

white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;

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white-space: -pre-wrap;

white-space: pre-wrap">

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>Kummer, Corby (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC The Joy of Coffee]'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I Caffeine and Decaf], Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, 160-165. ISBN:0618302409 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>Klatsky, Arthur L.; Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(11):1190–1195. DOI:10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 PMID:16772246

Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira, Mark A.; Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. (2006). "[http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women]". ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' 166(12):1311–1316. PMID:16801515 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].

</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar , Nicholas (2006-08-15). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits]. New York Times. Retrieved on [[July 28]], [[2007]].</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "[http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform]". ''Hypertension'' 38(2):227–231. PMID:11509481 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].

</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson, S. (2001). "[http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency]". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 56(2):163-170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. DOI:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 PMID:11425281 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm A coffee can make you forgetful]. BBC News. Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith, A. (2002). "[http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 Effects of caffeine on human behavior]". ''Food and Chemical Toxicology'' 40(9):1243-1255. DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 PMID:12204388 Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003). [http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources Use and Common Sources of Caffeine].

''Information about Caffeine Dependence''. Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm Caffeine in the diet]. ''MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia''. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on [[February 23]], [[2008]].</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</pre>

</div>

===Full references using citation templates=== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

====Citation templates aligned==== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->

This is a representation of how an edit would look with citation templates aligned vertically.<!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{

cite book

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

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|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors = Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 11

|pages = 1190–1195

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|coauthors = Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 12

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate = 2007-07-28

}}</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors = Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

|url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227

|journal = Hypertension

|volume = 38

|issue = 2

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

|format = PDF

|journal = Medical Hypotheses

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = BBC News

|coauthors = Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

|url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196

|journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology

|volume = 40

|issue = 9

|pages = 1243-1255

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</pre>

</div>

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{cite book | author = Kummer, Corby | year = 2003 | title = The Joy of Coffee | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC | chapter = Caffeine and Decaf | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I | pages = 160-165 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks | isbn = 0618302409 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Klatsky | first = Arthur L. | coauthors = Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D. | date = 2006 | title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 11 | pages = 1190–1195 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190 | pmid = 16772246 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pereira, Mark A. | coauthors = Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R. | year = 2006 | title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women. | url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 12 | pages = 1311–1316 | pmid = 16801515 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web | last = Bakalar | first = Nicholas | date = 2006-08-15 | title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits | publisher = New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

| accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mahmud | first = A. | coauthors = Feely, J. | year = 2001 | title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform | url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227 | journal = Hypertension | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–231 | pmid = 11509481 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson, S. | date = 2001 | title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency | url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 56 |issue = 2 |pages = 163-170 |publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd |doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133 | pmid = 11425281 |accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{cite web | author = BBC News | coauthors = Lesk, Valerie |date = 2004-07-20 | title = A coffee can make you forgetful | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm | publisher = BBC News | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Smith, A. | year = 2002 | title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior | url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196 | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 9 | pages = 1243-1255 | doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 | pmid = 12204388 | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |year = 2003| title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine | url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources | work = Information about Caffeine Dependence | accessdate = 2008-02-23 }}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web | author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine in the diet | url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm | work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine | accessdate = 2008-02-23}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

</pre>

</div>

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<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">

<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,

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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{

cite book

|author = Kummer, Corby

|year = 2003

|title = The Joy of Coffee

|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC

|chapter = Caffeine and Decaf

|chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=qNLrJqgfg7wC&pg=PA151&sig=zL7_XqPYPeBVq8vs3ukYFuwjn2I

|pages = 160-165

|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks

|isbn = 0618302409

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Klatsky

|first = Arthur L.

|coauthors = Morton, C.; Udaltsova, N.; Friedman, D.

|date = 2006

|title = Coffee, Cirrhosis, and Transaminase Enzymes

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/11/1190

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 11

|pages = 1190–1195

|doi = 10.1001/archinte.166.11.1190

|pmid = 16772246

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Pereira, Mark A.

|coauthors = Parker, D.; Folsom, A.R.

|year = 2006

|title = Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.

|url = http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1311

|journal = Archives of Internal Medicine

|volume = 166

|issue = 12

|pages = 1311–1316

|pmid = 16801515

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{

cite web

|last = Bakalar

|first = Nicholas

|date = 2006-08-15

|title = Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits

|publisher = New York Times

|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss

|accessdate = 2007-07-28

}}</ref>

Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{

cite journal

|last = Mahmud

|first = A.

|coauthors = Feely, J.

|year = 2001

|title = Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform

|url = http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/2/227

|journal = Hypertension

|volume = 38

|issue = 2

|pages = 227–231

|pmid = 11509481

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Johnson, S.

|date = 2001

|title = The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency

|url = http://www.george-eby-research.com/html/wide-mag-deficiency-path.pdf

|format = PDF

|journal = Medical Hypotheses

|volume = 56

|issue = 2

|pages = 163-170

|publisher = Harcourt Publishers Ltd

|doi = 10.1054/mehy.2000.1133

|pmid = 11425281

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = BBC News

|coauthors = Lesk, Valerie

|date = 2004-07-20

|title = A coffee can make you forgetful

|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3909085.stm

|publisher = BBC News

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{

cite journal

|author = Smith, A.

|year = 2002

|title = Effects of caffeine on human behavior

|url = http://www.erowid.org//references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDocPartFrame&ID=6685&DocPartID=6196

|journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology

|volume = 40

|issue = 9

|pages = 1243-1255

|doi = 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0

|pmid = 12204388

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{

cite web

|author = Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

|year = 2003

|title = Use and Common Sources of Caffeine

|url = http://www.caffeinedependence.org/caffeine_dependence.html#sources

|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{cite web

|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison

|year = 2007

|title = Caffeine in the diet

|url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

|work = MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine

|accessdate = 2008-02-23

}}</ref>

<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>

----

{{reflist}}

</div>

<br>

----

[[Category:Bibliography | {{PAGENAME}}]]

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to |{{PAGENAME}}]]

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