Robotic sensors: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Mechanical sensors, often based on human senses}}

{{copypaste | url=http://www.slideshare.net/DeepakAgasibagil/introductionto-robotics-a-11039097}}

[[File:Robot_sensorsРоботизовані датчики.jpg|thumb|right|size|300px|Types of [[robot]] sensors ([[Light]] and [[Sound]] sensors)]]

''Robot'Robotic sensors''' measureare used to estimate a [[robot]] '''configuration'''s or '''condition''' and its environment. andThese sendsignals suchare informationpassed to robota controller as [[electronics|electronic]] signal for example arm position,to presenceenable ofappropriate toxic gasbehavior.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotstorehk.com/sensor.html | title=Automation and Robotics ( Robot Store ) | publisher=Robot Store (HK) | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=[[Active Robots]] | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

Robot sensors Provide '''awareness''' of surroundings, allows interaction with environment, Protection & Self-Preservation, Safety, Damage Prevention, Stairwell sensor, Gives the [[robot]] capability to goal-seek, Find colorful objects, seek goals and finally makes robots “interesting”.

Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human [[sensory organ]]s. Robots require extensive information about their environment in order to function effectively.

Robots often need information that is beyond 5 human senses (e.g., ability to: see in the dark, detect tiny amounts of invisible radiation, measure movement that is too small or fast for the human eye to see).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=Active Robots | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

== Part-Picking ==

== Classification ==

Robot can handle work pieces that are randomly piled by using 3-D vision sensor. Since alignment operation, a special parts feeder, and an alignment pallete are not required, an automatic system can be constructed at low cost. Vision Sensors for example to pick bins, perform inspection, etc. In parts fitting and insertion Robots can do precise fitting and insertion of machine parts by using force sensor. A robot can insert parts that have the phases after matching their phases in addition to simply inserting them. It can automate high-skill jobs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

Sensors provide analogs to human senses and can monitor other phenomena for which humans lack explicit sensors.

== Robot Sensation ==

* Simple Touch: Sensing an object's presence or absence.

* Light: Presence, color, intensity, content (mod), direction.

* Complex Touch: Sensing an object's size, shape and/or hardness.

* Sound: Presence, frequency, intensity, content (mod), direction.

* Simple Force: Measuring force along a single axis.

* Heat: Temperature, wavelength, magnitude, direction.

* Complex Force: Measuring force along multiple axes.

* Chemicals: Presence, concentration, identity.

* Simple Vision: [[Edge detection|Detecting edges]], holes and corners.

* Object Proximity: Presence/absence, distance, bearing, color.

* Complex Vision: [[Object recognition|Recognizing objects]].

* Physical orientation/attitude/position: Magnitude, pitch, roll, yaw, coordinates, etc.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot Plateform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

* [[proximity sensor|Proximity]]: Non-contact detection of an object.

==See Also==

{{Portal|Robotics}}

Sensors can measure physical properties, such as the distance between objects, the presence of light and the frequency of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

* [[Robot]]

They can measure:

* [[Robotics]]

* Object Proximity: PresenceThe presence/absence, distanceof an object, bearing, color, distance between objects.

* Physical orientation. The co-ordinates of object in space.

* Heat: Temperature,The wavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays, temperature, magnitude, direction.

* Chemicals: The presence, identity, and concentration of chemicals or reactants

* Physical orientation/attitude/positionSound: Magnitude,The pitchpresence, rollfrequency, yaw,and coordinates,intensity of etcsound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot PlateformPlatform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

Motion controllers, potentiometers, tacho-generators and encoder are used as joint sensors, whereas strain-gauge based sensing is used at the end-effector ___location for contact force control.

==Internal sensor*==

It is the part of the robot. Internal sensors measure the robot's internal state. They are used to measure position, velocity and acceleration of the robot joint or end effectors.

=== Position sensor ===

[[Position sensor]]s measure the position of a joint (the degree to which the joint is extended). They include:

* [[Encoder (position)|Encoder]]: a digital optical device that converts motion into a sequence of digital pulses.

* [[Potentiometer]]: a variable resistance device that expresses linear or angular displacements in terms of voltage.

* [[Linear variable differential transformer]]: a displacement transducer that provides high accuracy. It generates an AC signal whose magnitude is a function of the displacement of a moving core.

* [[Synchro|Synchros]] and [[Resolver (electrical)|Resolvers]]

=== Velocity Sensor ===

A [[velocity sensor|velocity or speed sensor]] measures consecutive position measurements at known intervals and computes the time rate of change in the position values.

== Applications ==

In a parts feeder, a vision sensor can eliminate the need for an alignment pallet. Vision-enabled insertion robots can precisely perform fitting and insertion operations of machine parts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

==See Alsoalso==

* [[Robotic sensing]]

* [[Tactile sensor]]

* [[Robot locomotion]]

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* [[Index of robotics articles]]

* [[Mechatronics]]

* [[Outline of robotics]]

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Robotics hardware]]

[[Category:RobotsRobotic sensing]]

[[Category:Sensors]]