Robotic sensors: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Mechanical sensors, often based on human senses}}

[[File:RobotРоботизовані sensorsдатчики.jpg|thumb|right|size|300px|Types of [[robot]] sensors ([[Light]] and [[Sound]] sensors)]]

'''RobotRobotic sensors''' are used to estimate a [[robot]]'s condition, itsand environment. andThese passessignals thatare signalpassed to robota controller in order to controlenable robotappropriate functionalitybehavior.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotstorehk.com/sensor.html | title=Automation and Robotics ( Robot Store ) | publisher=Robot Store (HK) | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=[[Active Robots]] | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human [[sensory organ]]s. Robots require extensive information about their environment in order to function effectively.

== Part-Picking ==

In special parts feeder, an alignment pallet are not necessarily required since automatic system can be constructed at low cost alignment operation like vision sensors that perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertion [[robot|robots]] can perform fitting and insertion operation of [[machine]] parts precisely with the help of different kind of [[sensor]]. Different phases parts are attached by [[robot]] after matching. It can perform tasks that are beyond from human approach.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

== Robot SensationClassification ==

Sensors provide analogs to human senses and can monitor other phenomena for which humans lack explicit sensors.

Robot Sensation allows robot to measure distance between object, presence of light, frequency of sound etc depending on the type of sensors embedded in [[robot]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

* Simple Touch: Sensing an object's presence or absence.

Robot can measure:

* ObjectComplex ProximityTouch: Presence/absenceSensing ofan object,'s bearingsize, color,shape distance betweenand/or objectshardness.

* Simple Force: Measuring force along a single axis.

* Physical orientation. co-ordinates of object in space.

* Complex Force: Measuring force along multiple axes.

* Heat: Wavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays, temperature, magnitude, direction.

* Simple Vision: [[Edge detection|Detecting edges]], holes and corners.

* Chemicals: Robot can measure presence, identity, concentration of chemicals or reactants.

* Complex Vision: [[Object recognition|Recognizing objects]].

* Light: Presence of light, different color, intensity of light.

* [[proximity sensor|Proximity]]: Non-contact detection of an object.

* Sound: Presence, frequency, intensity.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot Plateform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

RobotSensors Sensationcan allowsmeasure robotphysical toproperties, measuresuch as the distance between objectobjects, the presence of light, frequency of sound etc depending onand the typefrequency of sensors embedded in [[robot]]sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

RobotThey can measure:

* Object Proximity: The presence/absence of an object, bearing, color, distance between objects.

* Physical orientation. The co-ordinates of object in space.

* Heat: The Wavelengthwavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays, temperature, magnitude, direction.

* Chemicals: Robot can measureThe presence, identity, and concentration of chemicals or reactants.

* Sound: PresenceThe presence, frequency, and intensity of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot PlateformPlatform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

Motion controllers, potentiometers, tacho-generators and encoder are used as joint sensors, whereas strain-gauge based sensing is used at the end-effector ___location for contact force control.

==Internal sensor*==

It is the part of the robot. Internal sensors measure the robot's internal state. They are used to measure position, velocity and acceleration of the robot joint or end effectors.

=== Position sensor ===

[[Position sensor]]s measure the position of a joint (the degree to which the joint is extended). They include:

* [[Encoder (position)|Encoder]]: a digital optical device that converts motion into a sequence of digital pulses.

* [[Potentiometer]]: a variable resistance device that expresses linear or angular displacements in terms of voltage.

* [[Linear variable differential transformer]]: a displacement transducer that provides high accuracy. It generates an AC signal whose magnitude is a function of the displacement of a moving core.

* [[Synchro|Synchros]] and [[Resolver (electrical)|Resolvers]]

=== Velocity Sensor ===

A [[velocity sensor|velocity or speed sensor]] measures consecutive position measurements at known intervals and computes the time rate of change in the position values.

== Applications ==

In speciala parts feeder, ana alignmentvision pallet are not necessarily required since automatic systemsensor can beeliminate constructedthe atneed lowfor costan alignment operationpallet. likeVision-enabled visioninsertion sensors that perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertion [[robot|robots]] can precisely perform fitting and insertion operationoperations of [[machine]] parts precisely with the help of different kind of [[sensor]]. Different phases parts are attached by [[robot]] after matching. It can perform tasks that are beyond from human approach.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Robotic sensing]]

{{Portal|Robotics}}

* [[Robot]]

* [[Robotics]]

* [[Tactile sensor]]

* [[Robot locomotion]]

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* [[Index of robotics articles]]

* [[Mechatronics]]

* [[Outline of robotics]]

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Robotics hardware]]

[[Category:RobotsRobotic sensing]]

[[Category:Sensors]]