Robotic sensors: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Mechanical sensors, often based on human senses}}

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[[File:RobotРоботизовані sensorsдатчики.jpg|thumb|right|size|300px|Types of [[robot]] sensors ([[Light]] and [[Sound]] sensors)]]

{{Orphan|date=March 2015}}

'''RobotRobotic sensors''' are used to estimate a [[robot]]'s condition, itsand environment. andThese passessignals thatare signalpassed to robota controller in order to controlenable robotappropriate functionalitybehavior.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotstorehk.com/sensor.html | title=Automation and Robotics ( Robot Store ) | publisher=Robot Store (HK) | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=[[Active Robots]] | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

{{Copy edit|for=grammar|date=March 2015}}

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Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human [[sensory organ]]s. Robots require extensive information about their environment in order to function effectively.

[[File:Robot sensors.jpg|thumb|right|size|300px|Types of [[robot]] sensors ([[Light]] and [[Sound]] sensors)]]

'''Robot sensors''' are used to estimate [[robot]] condition, its environment and passes that signal to robot controller in order to control robot functionality.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotstorehk.com/sensor.html | title=Automation and Robotics ( Robot Store ) | publisher=Robot Store (HK) | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=Active Robots | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

== Classification ==

'''Sensors''' in robots are like our eyes, nose, ears, mouth, and skin. Based on the function of human organs for example the eyes or skin etc., terminologies like vision, tactile etc., have cropped up in robot sensors. Robots like humans, must gather extensive information about their environment in order to function effectively.

Sensors provide analogs to human senses and can monitor other phenomena for which humans lack explicit sensors.

1.* Simple Touch: TheSensing an object's presence or absence of an object.

* Complex Touch: Sensing an object's size, shape and/or hardness.

3.* Simple Force: MeasuredMeasuring force along a single axis.

4.Comples* Complex Force: MeasuredMeasuring force along two or moremultiple axes.

6.* Simple Vision: Detection[[Edge ofdetection|Detecting edges]], holes, corners, and so oncorners.

* Complex Vision: [[Object recognition|Recognizing objects]].

5.* [[proximity sensor|Proximity]]: Non-contact detection of an object.

RobotSensors Sensationcan allowsmeasure robotphysical toproperties, measuresuch as the distance between objectobjects, the presence of light, frequency of sound etc. depending onand the typefrequency of sensors embedded in [[robot]]sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

== Part-Picking ==

RobotThey can measure:

In special parts feeder, an alignment pallet are not necessarily required since automatic system can be constructed at low cost alignment operation like vision sensors that perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertion [[robot]]s can perform fitting and insertion operation of [[machine]] parts precisely with the help of different kind of [[sensor]]. Different phases parts are attached by [[robot]] after matching. It can perform tasks that are beyond from human approach.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

* Object Proximity: PresenceThe presence/absence of an object, bearing, color, distance between objects.

* Physical orientation. The co-ordinates of object in space.

* Heat: The Wavelengthwavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays, temperature, magnitude, direction.

* Chemicals: Robot can measureThe presence, identity, and concentration of chemicals or reactants.

* Sound: PresenceThe presence, frequency, and intensity of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot PlateformPlatform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

Motion controllers, potentiometers, tacho-generators and encoder are used as joint sensors, whereas strain-gauge based sensing is used at the end-effector ___location for contact force control.

== Robot Sensation ==

Robot Sensation allows robot to measure distance between object, presence of light, frequency of sound etc. depending on the type of sensors embedded in [[robot]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

Robot can measure:

* Object Proximity: Presence/absence of object, bearing, color, distance between objects.

* Physical orientation. co-ordinates of object in space.

* Heat: Wavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays, temperature, magnitude, direction.

* Chemicals: Robot can measure presence, identity, concentration of chemicals or reactants.

* Light: Presence of light, different color, intensity of light.

* Sound: Presence, frequency, intensity.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot Plateform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

==Internal sensor*==

Sensors in robots are like our eyes, nose, ears, mouth, and skin. The major capabilities required by a robot are as follows:

It is the part of the robot. Internal sensors measure the robot's internal state. They are used to measure position, velocity and acceleration of the robot joint or end effectors.

1.Simple Touch: The presence or absence of an object.

2.Taction or Complex Touch: The presence of an object plus some information on its size and shape.

=== Position sensor ===

3.Simple Force: Measured force along a single axis.

4.Comples Force: Measured force along two or more axes.

[[Position sensor]]s measure the position of a joint (the degree to which the joint is extended). They include:

5.Proximity: Non-contact detection of an object.

* [[Encoder (position)|Encoder]]: a digital optical device that converts motion into a sequence of digital pulses.

6.Simple Vision: Detection of edges, holes, corners, and so on.

* [[Potentiometer]]: a variable resistance device that expresses linear or angular displacements in terms of voltage.

7.Complex Vision: Recognition of shapes.

* [[Linear variable differential transformer]]: a displacement transducer that provides high accuracy. It generates an AC signal whose magnitude is a function of the displacement of a moving core.

* [[Synchro|Synchros]] and [[Resolver (electrical)|Resolvers]]

=== Velocity Sensor ===

A [[velocity sensor|velocity or speed sensor]] measures consecutive position measurements at known intervals and computes the time rate of change in the position values.

== Applications ==

In speciala parts feeder, ana alignmentvision pallet are not necessarily required since automatic systemsensor can beeliminate constructedthe atneed lowfor costan alignment operationpallet. likeVision-enabled visioninsertion sensorsrobots thatcan perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertion [[robot]]s canprecisely perform fitting and insertion operationoperations of [[machine]] parts precisely with the help of different kind of [[sensor]]. Different phases parts are attached by [[robot]] after matching. It can perform tasks that are beyond from human approach.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Robotic sensing]]

{{Portal|Robotics}}

* [[Robot]]

* [[Robotics]]

* [[Tactile sensor]]

* [[Robot locomotion]]

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* [[Index of robotics articles]]

* [[Mechatronics]]

* [[Outline of robotics]]

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Robotics hardware]]

[[Category:RobotsRobotic sensing]]

[[Category:Sensors]]