Kokko and Rector Model: Difference between revisions

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The '''Kokko and Rector model''' is a theory explaining the mechanism of generation of a gradient in the [[inner medulla]] of the [[kidney]]. Unlike earlier theories explaining the mechanism using counter current mechanism (as is the case in the [[outer medulla]]), the driving force for salt reabsorption is stated to be urea accumulation. It has been proved that counter current mechanism cannot be the case in the [[inner medulla]], since there are no salt pumps, and the [[cell membrane]] is too [[Semipermeable membrane|permeable]] to salt.{{clarify|date=December 2013}}

The '''kokko and rector model''' is a theory to explain how a gradient is generated in the inner [[medulla]].

==History==

It was previously thought that the gradient was generated by the counter current mechanism (is is the case in the outer [[medulla]]). But it has been proven that this cannot be the case in the inner [[medulla]], since there are no salt pumps, and the [[membrane]] is too [[permeable]] to salt.

It has been proposed by Juha Kokko and Floyd Rector Jr. in 1972.<ref name="pmid4657922">{{cite journal|title=Countercurrent multiplication system without active transport in inner medulla|year=1972|last1=Kokko|first1=Juha P.|last2=Rector Jr.|first2=Floyd C.|journal=Kidney International|volume=2|issue=4|pages=214–23|doi=10.1038/ki.1972.97|pmid=4657922|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==References==

The kokko and rector model suggests that in the inner medulla the driving force for salt reabsorption is urea accumulation.

{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

[[Category:Brainstem]]

* {{cite book|title=Vasopressin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plW1j20qw5AC&pg=PA408|year=1993|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0031-9|pages=408–}}

[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]

* {{cite journal|last=Britton|first=KE|author2=Cage, PE |author3=Carson, ER |title=A 'bootstrap' model of the renal medulla|journal=Postgrad Med J|date=May 1976|volume=52|issue=607|pages=279–284|pmc=2496524|doi=10.1136/pgmj.52.607.279|pmid=959103}}

* {{cite journal|title=Effect of peristaltic contractions of the renal pelvic wall on solute concentrations of the renal inner medulla in the hamster|year=2005|last1=Pruitt|first1=M. E. C.|journal=AJP: Renal Physiology|volume=290|issue=4|pages=F892–6|last2=Knepper|first2=MA|last3=Graves|first3=B|last4=Schmidt-Nielsen|first4=B|pmc=1400599|doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00323.2005|pmid=16234309}}

[[Category:BrainstemRenal physiology]]

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