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{{Short description|Python web development utilities}}

'''Python Paste''', often simply called '''paste''', is a set of [[utility software|utilities]] for [[web development]] in [[Python (programming language)|Python]]. Paste has been described as "a framework for [[web framework]]s"<ref>http://reddit.com/r/programming/info/ehyf/comments/ceifh</ref>. Paste may prove to influence [[TurboGears]] in much the same way that [[Rack_(web_server_interface)|Rack]] has influenced Ruby<ref>http://groovie.org/2005/10/04/python-paste-power</ref>.

{{Multiple issues|

== WSGI middleware ==

{{refimprove|date=December 2017}}

{{notability|Products|date=May 2021}}

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{{Infobox software

To understand the function of paste it is first necessary to understand WSGI middleware.

| name = Paste

| logo =

| developer = Ian Bicking

| released = {{start date|2005}}

| latest release version = 2.0.3

| latest release date = {{start date and age|2016|03|08}}

| programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]]

| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]

| genre = [[Web framework]]

| license = [[MIT License]]

}}

'''Python Paste''', often simply called '''paste''', is a set of [[utility software|utilities]] for [[web development]] in [[Python (programming language)|Python]]. Paste has been described as "a framework for [[web framework]]s".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://redditblog.comianbicking.org/r/programming/info/ehyf/comments/ceifh</ref>its-not-another-damn-framework.html|title Paste= mayIt's proveNot toAnother influenceDamn [[TurboGears]] in much the same way that [[Rack_(web_server_interface)|Rack]] has influenced Ruby<ref>http://groovie.org/2005/10/04/python-paste-powerFramework}}</ref>.

The Python Paste package contains Python modules that help in implementing [[Web Server Gateway Interface|WSGI]] middleware.

The [[Web Server Gateway Interface|WSGI]] standard is an interface that allows applications to use python code to handle HTTP requests. Python code is passed a python representation of an HTTP request by an application, and in return passes back content which will normally eventually be rendered by a web browser. This Python code is called a '''WSGI application'''. A common use for this is when a [[web server]] serves content created by python code.

The package includes a WSGI wrapper for [[Common Gateway Interface|CGI]] applications. It also includes a simple webserver that can produce WSGI requests.

There are, however, other uses: '''WSGI middleware''' is python code that receives a WSGI request and then performs logic based upon this request, before passing the request on to a WSGI application or more WSGI middleware. This is analogous to the function of pipes on Unix systems. Functionality provided by WSGI middleware include authentication, logging, [[url redirection]], creation of [[sessions]], and compression.

==WSGI Python paste middleware==

The [[Web Server Gateway Interface|WSGI]] standard is an interface that allows applications to use pythonPython code to handle HTTP requests. PythonA code'''WSGI application''' is passed a pythonPython representation of an HTTP request by an application, and in return passes backreturns content which will normally eventually be rendered by a web browser. This Python code is called a '''WSGI application'''. A common use for this is when a [[web server]] serves content created by pythonPython code.

There are, however, other uses: '''WSGI middleware''' is pythonPython code that receives a WSGI request and then performs logic based upon this request, before passing the request on to a WSGI application or more WSGI middleware. WSGI middleware appears to an application as a server, and to the server as an application. This is analogous to the function of [[Pipeline (Unix)|pipes on Unix systems]]. Functionality provided by WSGI middleware may include authentication, logging, [[urlURL redirection]], creation of [[sessionssession (computer science)|session]]s, and compression.

The Python Paste package mainly provides python modules to act as middleware.

In addition to middleware, it provides a simple python webserver that can produce WSGI request and a wrapper used to pass WSGI requests to [[Common Gateway Interface|CGI]] applications. Paste may be understood as a set of libraries making use of the WSGI standard to provide functionality other than the direct creation of content. This is useful when one is deploying applications written in a python [[web_application_framework|web framework]].

Paste ishelps ain componentdeveloping such WSGI middleware systems. For example, it is used in the [[Pylons (web framework)|Pylons]] web application framework.

== Uses of Paste ==

== UsesSubcomponents of Paste ==

Paste is a component used in the [[Pylons (web framework)|Pylons]] web application framework.

Paste has been a long-running open source project, dating from at least 2005. As it has grown, it has unbundled several other utilities from the Paste core. These utilities are part of the Paste project, but form their own packages and have their own version numbers. They include:

* Paste Deploy is a system for finding and configuring WSGI applications and servers.

* Paste Script, ScriptType, INITools, Tempita, WaitForIt, WPHP, WSGIFilter, and WSGIProxy are other notable bundles.

* WebTest

* WebOb is a wrapper around the WSGI environment.

WebTest and WebOb have migrated and are now part of the [[Pylons project]].

== See Also also==

* [[TurboGears]]

* [[Pylons project]]

* [[Seaside_Seaside (software)|Smalltalk Seaside]]

* [[Rack_(web_server_interface)|Ruby Rack]]

* [[Java servlet]]

* [[Seaside_(software)|Smalltalk Seaside]]

* [[Internet Server Application Programming Interface]] (ISAPI)

* [[Java_Servlet|Java Servlet]]

* [[ISAPI]]

* [[FastCGI]]

* [[Thrift_(protocol)|Apache Thrift]] (from Facebook and Evernote teams)

* [[Server-side_JavaScript|Server-side JavaScript]]

* [[PHP]]

* [[Web_application_framework|Web application framework]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

<references/>

== External links ==

*{{Official website}}

* [http://pythonpaste.org Python Paste]: official site

* [http://www.ianbicking.org Ian Bicking] page

* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-872784530622495809 Ben Bangert's Google Tech Talk], Sep 13, 2006

* [http://pycon.blogspot.com/2009/03/pycon-2009-videos.html Ian Bicking's Topics of Interest, 4:30-9:30], PyCon 2009

{{Python Webweb Application Frameworksframeworks}}

{{Web server software}}

[[Category:Python web(programming applicationlanguage) web frameworks]]