Incipit and User:Skysmith/Missing articles about Locations: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 23:06, 24 March 2007

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'''Missing articles about geographical places and locations'''

The '''incipit''' of a text, such as a [[poem]], [[song]], or [[book]], is its first few words or opening line. Before the development of [[title]]s, texts were often referred to by their incipits. ''Incipit'' comes from the [[Latin]] for "it begins". In the [[medieval period]], incipits were often written in a different [[script]] or color from the rest of the work of which they were a part. Though ''incipit'' is Latin, the practice of the incipit predates [[classical antiquity]] by several millennia, and can be found in various parts of the world. Today, incipits are most commonly used to refer to untitled poems and songs.

:''See also [[User:Skysmith/Missing topics about Geology and Geography|Geology and Geography]]''

==Early uses of incipits==

===Hebrew incipits===

==Africa==

Many books in the [[Hebrew Bible]] are named in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] using incipits. For instance, the first book is called ''Bereishit'' ("In the beginning ..."), a name which was translated directly into [[Greek language|Greek]] for the [[Septuagint]] and from there into [[English language|English]] as "[[Genesis]]". However, this convention was not followed for most of the other books; for instance, [[Lamentations]] (which begins "How lonely sits the city ...") is called in Hebrew ''Eykhah'' ("How").

===Algeria===

All the names of [[parsha|parshiot]] are incipits.

*[[Al Asham]] - {{search|Al+Asham}}

*[[Bougic]] - {{search|Bougic}}

*[[Casa de Medrano]] - {{search|Casa+de+Medrano}}

===Sumerian incipitsBenin===

*[[Batammaliba]] - {{search|Batammaliba}}

In the [[clay tablet]] [[archive]]s of [[Sumer]], [[catalog]]s of documents were kept by making special catalog tablets containing the incipits of a given collection of tablets.

*[[Birma, Benin]] - {{search|Birma,+Benin}}

===Congo===

The catalog was meant to be used by the very limited number of official [[scribe]]s who had access to the archives, and the width of a clay tablet and its resolution did not permit long entries. This is a Sumerian example from Lerner:

*[[Kilo-Moto]] - {{search|Kilo-Moto}}

:Honored and noble warrior

:Where are the sheep

:Where are the wild oxen

:And with you I did not

:In our city

:In former days

===East Africa===

==Modern uses of incipits==

*[[Wanika]] - {{search|Wanika}}

===Egypt===

The idea of choosing a few words or a phrase or two, which would be placed on the spine of a book and its cover, developed slowly with the birth of [[printing]], and the idea of a title page with a short title and subtitle came centuries later, replacing earlier, more verbose titles.

*[[Baharia]], oasis in Egypt - {{search|Baharia}}

*[[Wadi el Natrum]] - {{search|Wadi+el+Natrum}}

*[[Wadi Gawasis]] - {{search|Wadi+Gawasis}}

===Ethiopia===

The modern use of standardized titles, combined with the [[International Standard Bibliographic Description]] (ISBD), have made the incipit obsolete as a tool for organizing information in libraries. However, incipits are still used to refer to untitled poems and songs, such as [[Gregorian chant]]s, [[Opera|operatic]] arias or the poetry of [[Emily Dickinson]]. That such a use is an incipit and not a title is most obvious when the line breaks off in the middle of a grammatical unit (e.g. [[Shakespeare]]'s [[sonnet]] 55 "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments").

*[[Berahile]] - {{search|Berahile}}

*[[Diredawa]] - {{search|Diredawa}}

===Ivory Coast===

On many [[word processor]]s, incipits are also used: the "save" dialog box proposes the document's first few words as the default file name.

*[[Boucke]] - {{search|Boucke}}

*[[Treichville]] - {{search|Treichville}}

==References=Kenya===

*[[Mtwapa]] - {{search|Mtwapa}}

*Barreau, Deborah K.; Nardi, Bonnie. "Finding and Reminding: File Organization From the desktop". SigChi Bulletin. July 1995. Vol. 27. No. 3. pp. 39-43

* Casson, Lionel. ''Libraries in the Ancient World''. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08809-4. ISBN 0-300-09721-2.

* Lerner, Frederick Andrew. ''The Story of Libraries: From the Invention of Writing to the Computer Age''. New York: Continuum, 1998. ISBN 0-8264-1114-2. ISBN 0-8264-1325-0.

*Malone, Thomas W. "How do people organize their desks? Implications for the design of Office Information Systems". ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems. Vol. 1. No. 1 January 1983. pp 99-112.

*Nardi, Bonnie; Barreau, Deborah K. "Finding and Reminding Revisited: Appropriate metaphors for File Organization at the Desktop". SigChi Bulletin. January 1997. Vol. 29. No. 1.

===Lesotho===

[[Category:Publishing terms]]

*[[Tahba Bosiu]] - {{search|Tahba+Bosiu}}

===Libya===

[[de:Incipit]]

*[[Marmarica]] - {{search|Marmarica}}

[[fr:Incipit]]

[[it:Incipit]]

===Madagaskar===

[[ja:インキピット]]

*[[Tsekats]] - {{search|Tsekats}}

[[pl:Incipit]]

===Malawi===

*[[Port Herald]] - {{search|Port+Herald}}

===Mali===

*[[Mop, Mali]] - {{search|Mop,+Mali}}

===Morocco===

*[[Place Combert]] - {{search|Place+Combert}}

*[[Saffian]] - {{search|saffian}}

*[[Touat Oasis]] - {{search|Touat+Oasis}}

===Nigeria===

*[[Mauduguri]] - {{search|Mauduguri}}

*[[Orgomosho]] - {{search|Orgomosho}}

*[[Oshongo]] - {{search|Oshongo}}

*[[Owi]] - {{search|Owi}}

===Senegal===

*[[Fadiouth]] - {{search|Fadiouth}}

===Sierra Leone===

*[[Tingi Hills]] - {{search|Tingi+Hills}}

===South Africa===

*[[Krugersdrop]] - {{search|Krugersdrop}}

===Sudan===

*[[Kineti]] - {{search|Kineti}}

===Zambia===

*[[Mwambu]] - - {{search|Mwambu}}

*[[Usaka]] - {{search|Usaka}}

===Zimbabwe===

==Arabia and Middle East==

===Azerbaijan===

*[[Nahitsevan]] - {{search|Nahitsevan}}

===Iran===

*[[Feragha]] - {{search|Feragha}}

*[[Faragher]] - {{search|Faragher}}

*[[Rezaíyeh]] - {{search|Rezaíyeh}}

===Lebanon===

*[[Dahiyya]], the Southern suburbs of Beirut - {{search|Dahiyya}}

*[[Jabal Amil]], mountainous heartland of the Lebanese Twelver Shia community - {{search|Jabal+Amil}}

===Oman===

*[[Ruh Al Khal]] - {{search|Ruh+Al+Khal}}

===Saudi Arabia===

*[[Ras Tanurah]] - {{search|Ras+Tanurah}}

*[[Ras Lanfur]] - {{search|Ras+Lanfur}}

===Syria===

*[[Deirer-Zor]] - {{search|Deirer-Zor}}

*[[Tell Hariri]] - {{search|Tell+Hariri}}

===Turkey===

*[[Bal-kis kale]] - {{search|Bal-kis+kale}}

*[[Gaba Tebe]] - {{search|Gaba+Tebe}}

*[[Humrus]] - {{search|Humrus}}

*[[Telemessos]] - {{search|Telemessos}}

*[[Urgüp]] - {{search|Urgüp}}

==Asia==

===Russia===

*[[Kiselevks]], Siberia - {{search|Kiselevks}}

*[[Prokopjevsk]], Siberia - {{search|Prokopjevsk}}

===Afghanistan===

*[[Mazur-I-Sharif]] - {{search|Mazur-I-Sharif}}

===China===

*[[Junggar Oendi]] - {{search|Junggar+Oendi}}

*[[Khaubalik]] - {{search|Khaubalik}}

*[[Luoxiao Shan]] - {{search|Luoxiao+Shan}}

*[[Minhow]] - {{search|Minhow}}

*[[Panpie]] - {{search|Panpie}}

*[[Paotow]] - {{search|Paotow}}

*[[Plover Cover]], Hong Kong - {{search|Plover+Cover}}

*[[Soo Chow Creek]], Shanghai - {{search|Soo+Chow+Creek}}

===India===

*[[Horin, India]] - {{search|Horin,+India}}

*[[Ijjain]] - {{search|Ijjain}}

*[[Jahalpur]] - {{search|Jahalpur}}

*[[Mattancheri]] - {{search|Mattancheri}}

*[[Vizagaparham]] - {{search|Vizagaparham}}

===Indonesia===

*[[Singaradj'a]], Bali - {{search|Singaradj'a}}

*[[Teluk Betung]], Sumatra - {{search|Teluk+Betung}}

===Japan===

*[[Aikawa, Sado Island]] - {{search|Aikawa}}

*[[Amegashita]], Honshu - {{search|Amegashita}}

*[[Hokurikudo]], province in Japan - {{search|Hokurikudo}}

*[[Shoren]], in Miyako - {{search|Shoren}}

*[[Takebu]], town in Echizen province - {{search|Takebu}}

*[[Teradomari]], town in Echigo - {{search|Teradomari}}

*[[Unzen-Mamakusa]] - {{search|Unzen-Mamakusa}}

===Korea===

*[[Heaju]] - {{search|Heaju}}

*[[Taibark]] - {{search|Taibark}}

===Laos===

*[[Lucug Prbang]] - {{search|Lucug+Prbang}}

===Malaysia===

*[[Kuchirg]] - {{search|Kuchirg}}

===Mongolia===

*[[Boroò]] - {{search|Boroò}}

===Myanmar===

*[[Kawthoole]] - {{search|Kawthoole}}

===Pakistan===

*[[Rechna Doab]] - {{search|Rechna+Doab}}

===Singapore===

*[[Raffles Square]] - {{search|Raffles+Square}}

===Sri Lanka===

*[[Godavaya]] - {{search|Godavaya}}

*[[Wata-ga-de]] - {{search|Wata-ga-de}}

===Taiwan===

*[[Keelunng]] - {{search|Keelunng}}

===Thailand===

*[[Wat Phra Kao]], Bangkok - {{search|Wat+Phra+Kao}}

*[[Wat Waeluwan]] forest, Thailand - {{search|Wat+Waeluwan}}

===Tibet===

*[[Chumik Shenko]] - {{search|Chumik+Shenko}}

===Vietnam===

*[[Mien Bac]] - {{search|Mien+Bac}}

*[[Mien Trung]] - {{search|Mien+Trung}}

==Europe==

===Armenia===

*[[Djulfa]] - {{search|Djulfa}}

===Austria===

*[[Hahnenton]] - {{search|Hahnenton}}

*[[Pettneu]] - {{search|Pettneu}}

===Belgium===

*[[Beerdel]] - {{search|Beerdel}}

===Bulgaria===

*[[Zlatinitsa]] - {{search|Zlatinitsa}}

===Cyprus===

*[[Pyrgos Marrovaki]] - {{search|Pyrgos+Marrovaki}}

===Finland===

*[[Ingby Trollstugan]], Mariehamn, Åland - {{search|Ingby+Trollstugan}}

===France===

*[[Auby]] - {{search|Auby}}

*[[Avioth]] - {{search|Avioth}}

*[[Chalain]] - {{search|Chalain}}

*[[Chancelade]] - {{search|Chancelade}}

*[[Cideville]] - {{search|Cideville}}

*[[La Grande-Motte]] - {{search|La+Grande-Motte}}

*[[Labgeais]] - {{search|Labgeais}}

*[[Laugerie-Haute aux Eyzies]] - {{search|Laugerie-Haute+aux+Eyzies}}

*[[Lavéra]] - {{search|Lavéra}}

*[[Longwy-Usinor]], Lorraine - {{search|Longwy-Usinor}}

*[[Lurient]] - {{search|Lurient}}

*[[Montbenoit]] - {{search|Montbenoit}}

*[[Nez de Jobourg]] - {{search|Nez+de+Jobourg}}

*[[Porte de Paris]], Lille - {{search|Porte+de+Paris}}

*[[Sainte Adresse]] - {{search|Sainte+Adresse}}

===Germany===

*[[Boxheim]], near Worms - {{search|Boxheim}}

*[[Chemnite]] - {{search|Chemnite}}

*[[Kaiserlautern]] - {{search|Laiserlautern}}

*[[Kasiel]] - {{search|Kasiel}}

*[[Osnabrûck]] - {{search|Osnabrûck}}

*[[Poltersberg]] - {{search|Poltersberg}}

*[[Porte Serperoise]], Metz - {{search|Porte+Serperoise}}

*[[Primasens]] - {{search|Primasens}}

*[[Sallfeld]] - {{search|Sallfeld}}

===Greece===

*[[Haghia Triada]], Crete - {{search|Haghia+Triada}}

*[[Halkidhiki]] - {{search|Halkidhiki}}

*[[Sidikokastro]] - {{search|Sidikokastro}}

===Hungary===

*[[Eger, Hungary]] - {{search|Eger,+Hungary}}

===Iceland===

*[[Muvatn]] - {{search|Muvatn}}

*[[Threngslaborgir]] - {{search|Threngslaborgir}}

===Ireland===

*[[Kil-na-Greina]], County Cork - {{search|Kil-na-Greina}}

===Italy===

*[[Barbarigo, Padua]] - {{search|Barbarigo}}

*[[Casa dei Crescenzi]], Rome - {{search|Casa+dei+Crescenzi}}

*[[Cerreto]] - {{search|Cerreto}}

*[[Chioggio]] - {{search|Chioggio}}

*[[Fonte Maggiore]], Perugia - {{search|Fonte+Maggiore}}

*[[Grotta Guattan]] - {{search|Grotta+Guattan}}

*[[Ischia Ponte]] - - {{search|Ischia+Ponte}}

*[[Ludurru]] - {{search|Ludurru}}

*[[Mondrola]] - {{search|Mondrola}}

*[[Monte Torraccia]] - {{search|Monte+Torraccia}}

*[[Montesilvano Marina]] - {{search|Montesilvano+Marina}}

*[[Ninfa]], abandoned provincial town south of Rome - {{search|Ninfa}}

*[[Ospedale de Ceppo]], Pistoia - {{search|Ospedale+de+Ceppo}}

*[[Ponte Nuovo]] - {{search|Ponte+Nuovo}}

*[[Porta del'Arco]], Aupine - {{search|Porta+del'Arco}}

*[[Siblin]] - {{search|Siblin}}

*[[Terentino]], Alto Adige - {{search|Terentino}}

*[[Well of St Patrick]], Orvieto - {{search|Well+of+St+Patrick}}

===Malta===

*[[Id-Dwerjra]] - {{search|Id-Dwerjra}}

*[[Nadur Rower]] - {{search|Nadur+Rower}}

===Netherlands===

*[[Flanders and the North]] - {{search|Flanders+and+the+North}}

*[[Munthoren]] - {{search|Munthoren}}

===Norway===

*[[Moskenesoy]] - {{search|Moskenesoy}}

*[[Sandres]] - {{search|Sandres}}

===Poland===

*[[Krzemionki Opatowskie]] - {{search|Krzemionki+Opatowskie}}

*[[Ruda, Poland]] - {{search|Ruda+Poland}}

===Romania===

*[[Calatis]] - {{search|Calatis}}

*[[Ivad]], Romania, sells street names - {{search|Ivad}}

===Russia===

*[[Guryer]] - {{search|Guryer}}

*[[Kommunarsk]] - {{search|Kommunarsk}}

*[[Krematovks]] - {{search|Krematovks}}

*[[Novoshakntinsk]] - {{search|Novoshakntinsk}}

*[[Rogatino]] - {{search|Rogatino}}

*[[Tsimlyanskaya]] - {{search|Tsimlyanskaya}}

===Spain===

*[[Alcaudeta]] - {{search|Alcaudeta}}

*[[Candesa]] - {{search|Candesa}}

*[[Casas Colgadas do cuenca]], Castile - {{search|Casas+Colgadas+do+cuenca}}

*[[Escombreras]] - {{search|Escombreras}}

*[[Fuentes de Ebro]] - {{search|Fuentes+de+Ebro}}

*[[Los Pacos]] - {{search|Los+Pacos}}

*[[Mansilla de la Mulas]] - {{search|Mansilla+de+la+Mulas}}

*[[Mas de las Matas]] - {{search|Mas+de+las+Matas}}

*[[Onarroa]] - {{search|Onarroa}}

*[[San Antonio Abai]], Ibiza - {{search|San+Antonio+Abai}}

*[[San Pedro de Cardenas]] - {{search|San+Pedro+de+Cardenas}}

*[[San Pedro Torella]], Catalonia - {{search|San+Pedro+Torella}}

*[[Vitoria, Spain]] - {{search|Vitoria,+Spain}}

===Sweden===

*[[Vänert]] - {{search|Vänert}}

*[[Västeräs]] - {{search|Västeräs}}

===Switzerland===

*[[Suze]] - {{search|Suze}}

===United Kingdom===

*[[Asynt]], Scotland - {{search|Asynt}}

*[[Blea Tarn]], England - {{search|Blea+Tarn}}

*[[Burbank Epsom]] - {{search|Burbank+Epsom}}

*[[Datcher]], England - {{search|Datcher}}

*[[Gladstone docks]], Liverpool - {{search|Gladstone+docks}}

*[[Holy Head]], Wales - {{search|Holy+Head}}

*[[Knostrop]], England - {{search|Knostrop}}

*[[Lammer Law]], Scotland - {{search|Lammer+Law}}

*[[Lammermuse]] Scotland - {{search|Lammermuse}}

*[[Lockmaben]], Scotland - {{search|Lockmaben}}

*[[Lullinstone]], Kent, England - {{search|Lullinstone}}

*[[Micklegate Bark]], York, England - {{search|Micklegate+Bark}}

*[[Mybster]], Scotland - {{search|Mybster}}

*[[Myredykes]], Scotland - {{search|Myredykes}}

*[[Newhailes]], East Lothian, Scotland - {{search|Newhailes}}

*[[Newstonstewart]], Northern Ireland - {{search|Newstonstewart}}

*[[Owestoft]], England - {{search|Owestoft}}

*[[Roodee Meadow]], Cheshire, England - {{search|Roodee+Meadow}}

*[[Slidderyford]], Newcastle, Northern Ireland - {{search|Slidderyford}}

*[[Sprinkling Tarn]], England - {{search|Sprinkling+Tarn}}

*[[Staunton Harold]], Leicester - {{search|Staunton+Harold}}

*[[Thanet Sands]]. London - {{search|Thanet+Sands}}

*[[Vale of Towy]], Wales - {{search|Vale+of+Towy}}

===Former Yugoslavia (not sure about the current state)===

*[[Baker, Yugoslavia]] - {{search|Baker,+Yugoslavia}}

*[[Biotlj]] - {{search|Biotlj}}

*[[Marambo]] - {{search|Marambo}}

==North America==

===Canada===

*[[Atitokan]] - {{search|Atitokan}}

*[[Balnabodach]] - {{search|Balnabodach}}

===Greenland===

*[[Nordseta]] - {{search|Nordseta}}

===United States of America===

*[[Nero's Town]], town of escaped slaves in Florida {{search|Nero's+Town}}

*[[Wetunka, Oklahoma]] - {{search|Wetunka,+Oklahoma}}

==Oceania==

===Australia===

*[[Blackbutt, Queensland]] - {{search|Blackbutt,+Queensland}}

*[[Eucumbere]] - {{search|Eucumbere}}

===Fiji===

*[[Natadola]]- {{search|Natadola}}

===New Guinea===

*[[Kerowagi]] - {{search|Kerowagi}}

===New Zealand===

*[[Lyttleton]] - {{search|Luttleton}}

*[[Taninha]] - {{search|Taninha}}

*[[Taunton House]] - {{search|Taunton+House}}

===Philippines===

*[[Alitao]], Quezon - {{search|Alitao}}

*[[Borono]] - {{search|Borono}}

===Tasmania===

*[[Legger Tor]] - {{search|Legger+Tor}}

===United States===

*[[Healakala]], Hawaii - {{search|Healakala}}

===Other===

*[[Kolepom and Dolak]] - {{search|Kolepom+and+Dolak}}

==South America==

===Brazil===

*[[Bandeira, Minas Gerain]] - {{search|Bandeira,+Minas+Gerain}}

*[[Cabo Brio]] - {{search|Cabo+Brio}}

*[[Capo Frio]] - {{search|Capo+Frio}}

*[[Lencóis]], Brazil - {{search|Lencóis}}

*[[Marimbus Marsh]], Brazil - {{search|Marimbus+Marsh}}

*[[Munguba]] - {{search|Munguba}}

===Mexico===

*[[Cota Coca]], Inca town - {{search|Cota+Coca}}

*[[El Sagrario]], Mexico City - {{search|El+Sagrario}}

*[[Medida]] - {{search|Medida}}

*[[Tepotzotlán]] - {{search|Tepotzotián}}

*[[Torréon, Mexico]] - {{search|Torréon,+Mex}}

*[[Xichimilco]], Mexico City - {{search|Xichimilco}}

===Nicaraqua===

*[[Jinotope]] - {{search|Jinotope}}

===Panama===

*[[Chalite]] - {{search|Chalite}}

===Peru===

*[[Chicalo]] - {{search|Chicalo}}

*[[Morococha]] - {{search|Morococha}}

*[[Paramonga]] - {{search|Paramonga}}

==Others==

*[[Ruville Sea]] - {{search|Ruville+Sea}}

==Geographers==

*[[Alexander Supan]] (1847-1920) Austrian geographer - {{search|Alexander+Supan}}

*[[Antoine Lafrey]] (1512-1577) French cartographer - {{search|Antoine+Lafrey}}

*[[Eduard Brückner]] (1862-1927) German geographer - {{search|Eduard+Brückner}}

*[[Giacomo Cantelli]] (1643-1695) Italian cartographer - {{search|Giacomo+Cantelli}}

*[[Giovanni Antonio Magni]] (1555-1617) Italian cartographer - {{search|Giovanni+Antonio+Magni}}

*[[Jean Brunhes]] (1869-1930) French geographer - {{search|Jean+Brunhes}}

*[[Joss de Hondt]], Dutch cartographer and Mercator's successor - {{search|Joss+de+Hondt}}

*[[Oskar Peschel]] (1826-1875) German journalist and geographer - {{search|Oskar+Peschel}}

<hr>

'''Sources include''':

* Reader's Digest - ''Guide to the Places of the World'' (1993 edition)

[[User:Skysmith/Missing articles|Other missing articles]]

[[Category:Wikipedia missing topics]]

[[Category:Geographical WikiProjects]]