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The "'''Democratic-Republican Party'''" is the label given by historians to one of the first two [[United States|American]] [[political party|political parties]]. Contemporaries referred to it as simply the "'''Republican Party'''"; historians call it the "Democratic-Republican Party" or the "'''Jeffersonian Republicans'''" to distinguish it from the [[Republican Party (United States)|modern Republican Party]]. The name "Democratic-Republican" was actually used briefly in American politics to describe a contemporary political faction: in the time of [[Andrew Jackson]], when the Republican Party was splintering into factions, "Democratic-Republican" was used to refer to Jackson's supporters within the Republican Party. These supporters would soon organize themselves into a new political party: the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]].
== History ==
The Republican Party evolved from the political factions that opposed [[Alexander Hamilton|Alexander Hamilton's]] [[Hamiltonian economic program|fiscal policies]]; these factions are known variously as the [[Anti-Administration Party (United States)|Anti-Administration "Party"]] or the [[Anti-Federalism|Anti-Federalists]]. In the mid-[[1790s]], [[Thomas Jefferson]] and [[James Madison]] organized these factions into a party and helped define its ideology in favor of yeomen farmers, strict construction of the Constitution, and a weaker federal government.
In [[1796]], the Republicans made their first bid for the [[President of the United States|Presidency]] with Jefferson as their Presidential candidate and Aaron Burr as the Vice Presidential candidate. Due to the vagaries of the pre-[[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution|12th Amendment]] electoral process, even though Jefferson failed to become President, he did become Vice President. For the next four years, Jefferson was able to use his position as President of the Senate as a platform to protest the policies of the [[John Adams|Adams]] administration.
The breakthrough occurred in [[1800]]. In what is sometimes referred to as the "[[Revolution of 1800]]", the Republicans took control of the Presidency and both houses of Congress, beginning a quarter century of control of those institutions. The opposition Federalists, suffering from a lack of leadership after the death of Hamilton and the retirement of Adams, slowly declined over the next fifteen years until the [[Hartford Convention]] utterly destroyed them as a political force.
This left the Republican Party as the sole party in the United States government, ushering in a brief hiatus from the standard political debates known as the [[Era of Good Feeling]]. When President [[James Monroe]] retired from the Presidency, the fight to succeed him in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1824| 1824 presidential election]] splintered the Republican Party into numerous factions. The strongest of these factions supported Andrew Jackson and would evolve into the Democratic Party. The other factions would form an opposition which evolved into the [[National Republican Party (United States)|National Republicans]], and then the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]].
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== Republican presidents ==
The following [[United States President]]s were members of the Democratic-Republican party:
#[[Thomas Jefferson]] ([[1801]] - [[1809]])
#[[James Madison]] ([[1809]] - [[1817]])
#[[James Monroe]] ([[1817]]-[[1825]])
#[[John Quincy Adams]] ([[1825]]-[[1829]])
==Modern claims to Democratic-Republican heritage==
The stature of the Presidents who identified themselves with the Democratic-Republican Party during its heyday makes it an enviable institution for modern political parties to identify themselves with. As a result, both major political parties today identify themselves with the party.
As noted above, the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] is a direct descendant of the Democratic-Republican Party. The [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] also sees itself as a spiritual descendant of the Democratic-Republicans, though it has much looser ties from their broad base of former [[United States Whig Party|Whig]] voters and politicians. Neither the modern-day Democratic nor Republican party has identifiable ties to the [[United States Federalist Party|Federalist Party]], which was the most important rival of the original Democratic-Republican party.
==Candidates==
{{start U.S. presidential ticket list}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row| year=1792| year_rows=1| result=lost| pres=''(none)''| pres_rows=1| vp=[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]| vp_rows=1| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row| year=1796| year_rows=1| result=lost<sup>(a)</sup>| pres=[[Thomas Jefferson]]| pres_rows=3| vp=[[Aaron Burr]]| vp_rows=2| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row no pres vp| year=1800| year_rows=1| result=won| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row no pres| year=1804| year_rows=1| result=won| vp=[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]| vp_rows=2| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row no vp| year=1808| year_rows=1| result=won| pres=[[James Madison]]| pres_rows=2| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row no pres| year=1812| year_rows=1| result=won| vp=[[Elbridge Gerry]]| vp_rows=1| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row| year=1816| year_rows=1| result=won| pres=[[James Monroe]]| pres_rows=2| vp=[[Daniel Tompkins]]| vp_rows=2| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row no pres vp| year=1820| year_rows=1| result=won| }}
{{U.S. presidential ticket list row| year=1824| year_rows=1| result=(*)<sup>(b)</sup>| pres=[[Andrew Jackson]],<br />[[John Quincy Adams]],<br />[[William H. Crawford]],<br />[[Henry Clay]]| pres_rows=1| vp=[[John C. Calhoun]]| vp_rows=1| }}
{{end U.S. presidential ticket list}}
<sup>(a)</sup> ''Jefferson did not win the Presidency, and Burr did not win the Vice Presidency. However, under the pre-[[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution|12th Amendment]] election rules, Jefferson won the Vice Presidency.'' <br />
<sup>(b)</sup> ''There was no organized opposition to the Republican Party; however, the party splintered, and four major candidates ran as Republicans. Adams won the Presidency and Calhoun the Vice Presidency.''
==See also==
*[[List of political parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Historic United States political parties|Democratic-Republican Party, United States]]
[[fr:Parti démocrate-républicain (États-Unis)]]
[[he:המפלגה הדמוקרטית-רפובליקנית (ארה"ב)]]
[[de:Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei]]
[[pt:Partido Democrata-Republicano (EUA)]]
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