Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Expo AMeDAS-2005-7-22.jpg|thumb|AMeDAS.]]

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'''AMeDAS''' ('''''A''utomated ''Me''teorological ''D''ata ''A''cquisition ''S''ystem'''), commonly known in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] as "アメダス" (''amedasu''), is a high-resolution [[surface observation]] network developed by [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) used for gathering regional weather data and verifying forecast performance. Begun operation on November 1, 1974, the system consists of about 1,300 stations with automatic observation equipment. These stations, of which more than 1,100 are unmanned, are located at an average interval of 17 km throughout [[Japan]].

[[File:Expo AMeDAS-2005-7-22.jpg|thumb|AMeDAS.]]

'''AMeDAS'''Automated ('''''A''utomatedMeteorological ''Me''teorologicalData ''D''ataAcquisition System''A''cquisition (''S''ystemAMeDAS'''), commonly known in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] as "アメダス" (''amedasu''), is a high-resolution [[surface observation]] network developed by the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) used for gathering regional weather data and verifying forecast performance. BegunThe operationsystem onbegan Novemberoperating on 1, November 1974, theand systemcurrently consists of aboutcomprises 1,300 stations withthroughout automatic observation equipment. These stations,Japan (of which more thanover 1,100 are unmannedunstaffed), are located atwith an average intervalseparation of {{convert|17 |km throughout [[Japan]]|mi|abbr=on}}.

Observations at manned stations cover [[weather]], [[wind]] [[wind direction|direction]] and [[wind speed|speed]], types and amounts of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]], types and base heights of [[cloud]]s, [[visibility]], air [[temperature]], [[humidity]], [[sunshine duration]], and [[atmospheric pressure]]. All of these (except weather, visibility and cloud-related meteorological elements) are observed automatically.

Observations at mannedstaffed stations cover [[weather]], [[wind]] [[wind direction|direction]] and [[wind speed|speed]], types and amounts of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]], [[List of cloud types|types]] and [[Cloud base|base]] heights of [[cloud]]sclouds, [[visibility]], air [[temperature]], [[humidity]], [[sunshine duration]], and [[atmospheric pressure]]. All of these (except weather, visibility and cloud-related meteorological elements) are observed automatically.

At unmanned stations, observations are performed every 10 minutes. About 700 of the unmanned stations observe precipitation, air temperature, wind direction and speed, and sunshine duration, while the other stations observe only precipitation.

At unmannedunstaffed stations, observations are performed every 10 minutes. About 700 of the unmannedunstaffed stations observe precipitation, air temperature, wind direction and speed, and sunshine duration, while the other stations observe only precipitation.

For about 280 stations (manned or unmanned) located in areas of heavy [[snowfall]], snow depth is also observed.

For about 280 stations (mannedstaffed or unmannedunstaffed) located in areas of heavy [[snowfall]], snow depth is also observed.

All the observational data is transmitted to the AMeDAS Center at JMA Headquarters in [[Tokyo]] on a [[Real-time computing|real time]] basis via telephone lines. The data is then delivered to the whole country after a quality check.

All the observational data is transmitted to the AMeDAS Center at JMA Headquarters in [[Tokyo]] on a [[Real-time computing|real time]] basis via dedicated telephone lines. The data is then delivered to the whole country after a quality check.

Apart from weather conditions, AMeDAS is also used in the observation of [[natural disaster]]s. Temporary observation points are set up in areas where there are signs of [[volcanic eruption]]s or [[earthquake]]s.

ApartAs fromwell as weather conditions, AMeDAS is also used in the observation of [[natural disaster]]s. Temporary observation points are set up in areas where there are signs of [[volcanic eruption]]s or [[earthquake]]searthquakes.

== See also ==

* [[Automated airport weather station]]

* [[Mesonet]]

== External links ==

{{commons category}}

* [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexeen/Activities/observations.html Official website of Japan Meteorological Agency observations descriptions]

{{Meteorological equipment}}

{{Earth-based meteorological observation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System}}

[[Category:Geography1974 ofestablishments in Japan]]

[[Category:1974 in computing]]

[[Category:Japanese inventions]]

[[Category:Geography of Japan]]

[[Category:Japan Meteorological Agency]]

[[Category:Meteorological data and networks]]

[[Category:Meteorological instrumentation and equipment]]

[[Category:Geography of Japan]]

[[Category:Science and technology in Japan]]

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[[ja:アメダス]]

[[zh:AMeDAS]]