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#REDIRECT [[Fonterra]]
{{Short description|Brand name of a strain of microorganism}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2023}}
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'''Probiotic Probio DR10''', is the consumer brand name for a probiotic strain developed by Fonterra Research Development Centre (FRDC), patented and commercialised in the 1990s following the screening of over 2,000 strains.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopal |first1=Pramod |last2=Dekker |first2=James |last3=Prasad |first3=Jaya |last4=Pillidge |first4=Christopher |last5=Delabre |first5=Marie-Laure |last6=Collett |first6=Michael |title=Development and commercialisation of Fonterra's probiotic strains |journal=Australian Journal of Dairy Technology |date=2005 |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=173–182 |id={{INIST|17047956}} {{ProQuest|199361400}} }}</ref> Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> is also known under the name of the ingredient trade mark HN019*.
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The strain involved is a lactic acid bacterium of ''Bifidobacterium lactis'', originally isolated from yoghurt.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Araujo |first1=Lisa Danielly Curcino |last2=Furlaneto |first2=Flávia Aparecida Chaves |last3=da Silva |first3=Léa Assed Bezerra |last4=Kapila |first4=Yvonne L. |title=Use of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in Oral Diseases |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |date=19 August 2022 |volume=23 |issue=16 |pages=9334 |doi=10.3390/ijms23169334 |doi-access=free |pmc=9409207 |pmid=36012597 }}</ref> The publication of complete genomic sequence in 2018 has enabled the implementation of strict measures to ensure the control of product quality, safety and purity of the ''B. lactis'' HN019 strain.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Jing |last2=Laitila |first2=Arja |last3=Ouwehand |first3=Arthur C. |title=Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Effects on Gut Health: A Review |journal=Frontiers in Nutrition |date=14 December 2021 |volume=8 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2021.790561 |doi-access=free |pmc=8712437 |pmid=34970580 }}</ref>
The Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> strain is available in a range of finished formats, providing it with great potential to be applied across the food and beverage, dietary supplement, and pharmaceutical industries.<ref name=":3" />''Bifidobacterium lactis'' is found in Anmum<sup>TM</sup> Materna and Anmum<sup>TM</sup> Essential Gold in the Malaysian market.
== Benefits of Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> ==
Studies on Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> indicate positive effects on various aspects of the digestive system.<ref name=":3" /> These include:
===Immune system support===
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> demonstrated extensive immune-stimulating effects in animal models as well as healthy adult and elderly clinical studies. In a randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted with children aged 1 to 3 years, it was found that the incidence of high fever and severe acute lower respiratory infections was reduced by 5% and 35% respectively, in children who received Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> along with a prebiotic, in comparison to those who were administered a placebo.<ref name="Sazawal e12164">{{cite journal |last1=Sazawal |first1=Sunil |last2=Dhingra |first2=Usha |last3=Hiremath |first3=Girish |last4=Sarkar |first4=Archana |last5=Dhingra |first5=Pratibha |last6=Dutta |first6=Arup |last7=Verma |first7=Priti |last8=Menon |first8=Venugopal P. |last9=Black |first9=Robert E. |title=Prebiotic and Probiotic Fortified Milk in Prevention of Morbidities among Children: Community-Based, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial |journal=PLOS ONE |date=13 August 2010 |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=e12164 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0012164 |doi-access=free |pmc=2921405 |pmid=20730056 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...512164S }}</ref>
A separate RCT also showed that the supplementation of Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> in children aged 2 to 5 years reduced the incidence of diarrhoea and fever by 16.1% and 12.7% respectively during the rainy season.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hemalatha |first1=R. |title=A Community-based Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial of Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium lactis on Reducing Risk for Diarrhea and Fever in Preschool Children in an Urban Slum in India |journal=European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety |date=10 January 2014 |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=325–341 |doi=10.9734/EJNFS/2014/8280 }}</ref>
===Modulation of intestinal microbiota===
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> may increase the population of beneficial gut microflora of ''Bifidobacterium'' and ''Lactobacillus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopal |first1=Pramod K |last2=Prasad |first2=Jaya |last3=Gill |first3=Harsharnjit S |title=Effects of the consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (DR10TM) and galacto-oligosaccharides on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in human subjects |journal=Nutrition Research |date=October 2003 |volume=23 |issue=10 |pages=1313–1328 |doi=10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00134-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=M. |last2=Prasad |first2=J. |last3=Gill |first3=H. |last4=Stevenson |first4=L. |last5=Gopal |first5=P. |title=Impact of consumption of different levels of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on the intestinal microflora of elderly human subjects |journal=The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging |date=2007 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=26–31 |id={{INIST|18554996}} {{ProQuest|222242470}} |pmid=17315077 }}</ref><ref name=":3" />
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> has also been shown to help maintain a healthy/normal gut microbiota against the ageing process by competing with and excluding harmful pathogens, operating at both taxonomical and functional levels.<ref name=":3" />
===Maintenance of intestinal barrier functions===
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> helps maintain the integrity of the gut epithelium, which is a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the intestine.<ref name=":3" /> Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> also helps regulate the host immune defence against pathogens.<ref name=":3" />
A 2010 study also found that combining Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> with an oligosaccharide prebiotics results in a decrease in the incidence of dysentery.<ref name="Sazawal e12164"/>
===Regulation of gut motility and improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms===
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> has demonstrated a positive effect on individuals suffering from constipation.<ref name=":3" /> A New Zealand study involving 100 adults with functional gastrointestinal symptoms showed that the supplementation of Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> for 2 weeks alleviated constipation by reducing the gut transit time.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Waller |first1=Philip A |last2=Gopal |first2=Pramod K. |last3=Leyer |first3=Gregory J |last4=Ouwehand |first4=Arthur C. |last5=Reifer |first5=Cheryl |last6=Stewart |first6=Morgan E. |last7=Miller |first7=Larry E. |title=Dose-response effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on whole gut transit time and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in adults |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology |date=September 2011 |volume=46 |issue=9 |pages=1057–1064 |doi=10.3109/00365521.2011.584895 |pmc=3171707 |pmid=21663486 }}</ref>
Reductions in the frequency of other functional gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, regurgitation, abdominal pain, nausea, gurgling, irregular bowel movements, diarrhoea and flatulence were also observed in the same study.<ref name=":1" />
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> may potentially divert colon fermentation towards the production of non-gaseous end products.<ref name=":3" /> This characteristic of Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> may support tolerance for the fermentation of oligosaccharides within the body, which aligns with clinical findings that Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> reduces the occurrence of flatulence.<ref name=":3" />
===Support for digestion===
The fermentation of Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> produces lactate and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, indicating their potential involvement in the digestion of dietary elements, without distinguishing between their source, whether it be carbohydrates or proteins.<ref name=":3" />
===Not all probiotics are the same===
Studies have shown that not all probiotics are equally effective.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=McFarland |first1=Lynne V. |last2=Evans |first2=Charlesnika T. |last3=Goldstein |first3=Ellie J. C. |title=Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Frontiers in Medicine |date=7 May 2018 |volume=5 |page=124 |doi=10.3389/fmed.2018.00124 |doi-access=free |pmc=5949321 |pmid=29868585 }}</ref> The efficacy of probiotics is strain-specific.<ref name=":2" /> Therefore, the recommendations of probiotics should tie specific strains to the health benefits as shown in the human studies.{{fact|date=December 2023}}
== Mechanism of action ==
Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> demonstrates an excellent ability to adhere to epithelial cells, a strong capacity to endure and survive in a low pH environment, resistance to bile salts as well as the ability to modulate the immune response.<ref name=":0" />
Studies indicate that this strain acts on intercellular junctions, especially tight junctions.<ref name=":0" /> Tight junctions are situated in the most apical part of the cell and consist of two key proteins, claudin and occludin.<ref name=":0" /> These proteins play a crucial role in establishing the epithelial barrier, which acts as a safeguard against the entry of macromolecules, including lipids and proteins.<ref name=":0" />
These junctions are vital for controlling the permeability of the epithelium.<ref name=":0" /> Any changes in their function can lead to increased inflammation, and subsequently, the development of diseases.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turck |first1=Dominique |last2=Castenmiller |first2=Jacqueline |last3=De Henauw |first3=Stefaan |last4=Hirsch-Ernst |first4=Karen Ildico |last5=Kearney |first5=John |last6=Knutsen |first6=Helle Katrine |last7=Maciuk |first7=Alexandre |last8=Mangelsdorf |first8=Inge |last9=McArdle |first9=Harry J |last10=Naska |first10=Androniki |last11=Pelaez |first11=Carmen |last12=Pentieva |first12=Kristina |last13=Thies |first13=Frank |last14=Tsabouri |first14=Sophia |last15=Vinceti |first15=Marco |last16=s Bresson |first16=Jean-Loui |last17=Siani |first17=Alfonso |title=Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07 contributes to increasing lactose digestion: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |date=July 2020 |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=e06198 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6198 |pmc=7388145 |pmid=32742434 }}</ref>
== Safety ==
The presence of ''Bifidobacterium animalis'' subsp. ''lactis'' in human food has been documented since 1980, but it was likely part of human diets before that.<ref name=":3" />
The China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA) has also approved the use of ''B. lactis'' in food for the general and paediatric population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment |url=http://www.cfsa.net.cn:8033/UpLoadFiles/news/upload/2021/2021-10/23c78b5e-5a92-43a5-927b-ef15ada6bda9.pdf }}</ref>
A 2018 study found that Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> is well-tolerated in adults and did not induce changes in physical activity, food intake, or body weight.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ibarra |first1=Alvin |last2=Latreille-Barbier |first2=Mathilde |last3=Donazzolo |first3=Yves |last4=Pelletier |first4=Xavier |last5=Ouwehand |first5=Arthur C. |title=Effects of 28-day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 supplementation on colonic transit time and gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with functional constipation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and dose-ranging trial |journal=Gut Microbes |date=4 May 2018 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=236–251 |doi=10.1080/19490976.2017.1412908 |pmc=6219592 |pmid=29227175 }}</ref> Probio DR10<sup>TM~</sup> also has an established safety data in pregnant and lactating women as shown in studies.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10^(TM)), inulin, and micronutrient fortified milk on faecal DR10^(TM), immune markers, and maternal micronutrients among Indonesian pregnant women |journal=Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition |date=31 December 2016 |volume=25 |issue=S1 |doi=10.6133/apjcn.122016.s2 |pmid=28027638 |author1=Noroyono Wibowo |author2=Saptawati Bardosono |author3=Rima Irwinda |pages=S102–S110 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prescott |first1=S. L. |last2=Wickens |first2=K. |last3=Westcott |first3=L. |last4=Jung |first4=W. |last5=Currie |first5=H. |last6=Black |first6=P. N. |last7=Stanley |first7=T. V. |last8=Mitchell |first8=E. A. |last9=Fitzharris |first9=P. |last10=Siebers |first10=R. |last11=Wu |first11=L. |last12=Crane |first12=J. |title=Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Bifidobacterium lactis probiotics in pregnancy increases cord blood interferon-γ and breast milk transforming growth factor-β and immunoglobin A detection |journal=Clinical & Experimental Allergy |date=October 2008 |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1606–1614 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03061.x |pmid=18631345 |s2cid=9492069 }}</ref>
== References ==
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