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The idealization of the [[Animal echolocation|echolocation]] of microbats can be summarized as follows: Each virtual bat flies randomly with a velocity <math>v_i</math> at position (solution) <math>x_i</math> with a varying frequency or wavelength and loudness <math>A_i</math>. As it searches and finds its prey, it changes frequency, loudness and pulse emission rate <math>r</math>. Search is intensified by a local [[random walk]]. Selection of the best continues until certain stop criteria are met. This essentially uses a frequency-tuning technique to control the dynamic behaviour of a swarm of bats, and the balance between exploration and exploitation can be controlled by tuning algorithm-dependent parameters in bat algorithm.
A detailed introduction of metaheuristic algorithms including the bat algorithm is given by Yang<ref>Yang, X. S., [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=iVB_ETlh4ogC&oiq=fndbat+algorithm&pg=PR5&dq=%22Nature-Inspired+Metaheuristic+Algorithms,+2nd+Edition%22+luniver&ots=DwgtqhEKua&sig=bcpfrzMR691SLIzIUIiA0GkJdHo#v=onepage&q=bat%20algorithm&f=false Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms], 2nd Edition, Luniver Press, (2010).</ref> where a demo program in [[MATLAB]]/[[GNU Octave]] is available, while a comprehensive review is carried out by Parpinelli and Lopes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Parpinelli | first1 = R. S. | last2 = Lopes | first2 = H. S. | s2cid = 16866891 | year = 2011 | title = New inspirations in swarm intelligence: A survey| journal = International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation| volume = 3 | pages = 1–16 | doi=10.1504/ijbic.2011.038700}}</ref> A further improvement is the development of an evolving bat algorithm (EBA) with better efficiency.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tsai | first1 = P. W. | last2 = Pan | first2 = J. S. | last3 = Liao | first3 = B. Y. | last4 = Tsai | first4 = M. J. | last5 = Istanda | first5 = V. | year = 2012 | title = Bat algorithm inspired algorithm for solving numerical optimization problems | journal = Applied Mechanics and Materials | volume = 148-149 | pages = 134–137 | doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.134| bibcode = 2011AMM...148..134T }}</ref>
