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Add WMOP to list of Regional Applications |
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Central to the ROMS framework are four models that form what is called the dynamical/numerical core or kernel:
# Non-Linear Model kernel (NLM): NLROMS<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shchepetkin|first=Alexander F.|date=2003|title=A method for computing horizontal pressure-gradient force in an oceanic model with a nonaligned vertical coordinate|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|language=en|volume=108|issue=C3|page=3090 |doi=10.1029/2001jc001047|issn=0148-0227|doi-access=free|bibcode=2003JGRC..108.3090S }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Regional Ocean Modeling System: A Split-Explicit, Free-Surface, Topography-Following-Coordinate Ocean Model, 2003|
# Perturbation Tangent Linear Model kernel (TLM): TLROMS
# Finite-amplitude tangent linear Representer Model kernel (RPM): RPROMS
# Adjoint Model kernel (ADM): ADROMS<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2004-01-01|title=A comprehensive ocean prediction and analysis system based on the tangent linear and adjoint of a regional ocean model|journal=Ocean Modelling|language=en|volume=7|issue=1–2|pages=227–258|doi=10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.11.001|issn=1463-5003|last1=Moore|first1=Andrew M.|last2=Arango|first2=Hernan G.|last3=Di Lorenzo|first3=Emanuele|last4=Cornuelle|first4=Bruce D.|last5=Miller|first5=Arthur J.|last6=Neilson|first6=Douglas J.|bibcode=2004OcMod...7..227M }}</ref>
=== Vertical grid ===
The vertical grid is a hybrid stretched grid. It is hybrid in that its stretching intervals fall somewhere between the two extremes of 1) the evenly-spaced sigma grid used by the [[Princeton Ocean Model]] and 2) a true z-grid with a static depth interval . The vertical grid can be squeezed or stretched to increase or decrease the resolution for an area of interest, such as a [[thermocline]] or bottom boundary layer. Grid stretching in the vertical direction follows bottom topography, allowing for the idealized flow of water over features such as seamounts. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1994-11-01|title=A Semi-implicit Ocean Circulation Model Using a Generalized Topography-Following Coordinate System|journal=Journal of Computational Physics|language=en|volume=115|issue=1|pages=228–244|doi=10.1006/jcph.1994.1189|issn=0021-9991|last1=Song|first1=Yuhe|last2=Haidvogel|first2=Dale|bibcode=1994JCoPh.115..228S }}</ref> The numbering of the vertical grid goes from the bottom waters upward to the air-water interface: the bottom water level is level 1 and the topmost surface water level is the highest number (such as level 20). With a coupled sediment module, the numbering of the sediment seabed levels goes from the sediment-water interface downward: the topmost seabed level is level 1 and the deepest seabed level is the highest number.
=== Horizontal grid ===
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=== Input ===
Boundaries such as coastlines can be specified for a given region using land- and sea-masking. The top vertical boundary, the air-sea interface, uses an interaction scheme developed by Fairall et al. (1996).<ref>{{Cite journal|
Inputs that are needed for an implementer to run ROMS for a specific ocean region include:
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=== Coupled model applications ===
Biogeochemical, bio-optical, sea ice, sediment, and other models can be embedded within the ROMS framework to study specific processes. These are usually developed for specific regions of the world's oceans but can be applied elsewhere. For example, the sea ice application of ROMS was originally developed for the Barents Sea Region.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Budgell|first=W. P.|date=2005-12-01|title=Numerical simulation of ice-ocean variability in the Barents Sea region|journal=Ocean Dynamics|language=en|volume=55|issue=3–4|pages=370–387|doi=10.1007/s10236-005-0008-3|s2cid=54845941 |issn=1616-7341}}</ref>
ROMS modeling efforts are increasingly being coupled with observational platforms, such as [[Weather buoy|buoys]], satellites, and ship-mounted underway sampling systems, to provide more accurate forecasting of ocean conditions.
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There is an ever-growing number of applications of ROMS to particular regions of the world's oceans. These integrated ocean modeling systems use ROMS for the circulation component, and add other variables and processes of interest. A few examples are:
* Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2010-01-01|title=Development of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System|journal=Ocean Modelling|language=en|volume=35|issue=3|pages=230–244|doi=10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.010|issn=1463-5003|last1=Warner|first1=John C.|last2=Armstrong|first2=Brandy|last3=He|first3=Ruoying|last4=Zambon|first4=Joseph B.|bibcode=2010OcMod..35..230W |hdl=1912/4099|url=http://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/4099/1/Warner-OM.pdf|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
* Experimental System for Predicting Shelf and Slope Optics (ESPRESSO)
* New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (NYHOPS)
* Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Carbon & Biogeochemistry (ChesROMS ECB)<ref>{{Cite journal|
* Climatic indices in the Gulf of Alaska<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007-10-01|title=Intrinsic and forced interannual variability of the Gulf of Alaska mesoscale circulation|journal=Progress in Oceanography|language=en|volume=75|issue=2|pages=266–286|doi=10.1016/j.pocean.2007.08.011|issn=0079-6611|last1=Combes|first1=Vincent|last2=Di Lorenzo|first2=Emanuele|bibcode=2007PrOce..75..266C |hdl=1853/14532|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
*[http://faculty.washington.edu/pmacc/LO/LiveOcean.html LiveOcean] daily forecast model of the NE Pacific and Salish Sea
*The Western Mediterranean OPerational forecasting system (WMOP)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOCIB System Description |url=https://www.socib.es/?seccion=modelling&facility=forecast_system_description |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=www.socib.es}}</ref>
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