|
// [[User:Lupin/popups.js]]
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right"
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Flag
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Image:Flag_de-bayern_lozenge.png|thumb|200px|Rautenflagge (flag, lozengy variant)]]
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Image:Flag_de-bayern_striped.png|thumb|200px|Streifenflagge (flag, striped variant)]]
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Statistics
|-
| Capital: || [[Munich]] ''(München)''
|-
| Area: || 70,553 [[square kilometre|km²]]
|-
| Inhabitants:
| 12.401.000 <small>''(08/2003)''</small>
|-
| [[population density|pop. density]]:
| 164 inh./km²
|-
| Homepage: || [http://www.bayern.de/English/ bayern.de]
|-
| [[ISO 3166-2]]: || DE-BY
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Politics
|-
| [[Minister-president]]:
| [[Edmund Stoiber]] ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]])
|-
| Ruling party:
| [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Map
|-
| colspan=2 align=center | [[image:bundeslaender_germany_bv.png|Federal states of Germany: Bavaria]]
|}
With an area of 70,553 km² and 12.4 million inhabitants, the '''Free State of Bavaria''' ([[German language|German]] ''Bayern'' or ''Freistaat Bayern'') forms the southernmost of the 16 ''[[States of Germany|Bundesländer]]'' of [[Germany]]. Its capital is [[Munich]] [[Munich|(''München'')]].
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
== Geography ==
+ 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lupin/popups.js'
Bavaria shares international borders with [[Austria]] and the [[Czech Republic]]. Neighbouring states within Germany are [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Hessen]], [[Thuringia]] and [[Saxony]]. Two major rivers flow through the state, the [[Danube]] (''Donau'') and the [[Main]].
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
// Script from [[User:AndyZ/peerreviewer.js]]
The major cities in Bavaria are [[Munich]], [[Nuremberg]], [[Augsburg]], [[Regensburg]], [[Würzburg]], [[Ingolstadt]], [[Fürth]] and [[Erlangen]].
//importScript('User:AndyZ/peerreviewer.js'); //[[User:AndyZ/peerreviewer.js]]
// Script from [[User:Lupin/editcount.js]]
See also: [[List of places in Bavaria]].
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lupin/editcount.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
popupEditCounterTool='custom';
popupEditCounterUrl='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:$1?ectarget=$1';
// installation of the wikEd editing page extension
== Politics ==
// install [[User:Cacycle/diff]] text diff code
Bavaria has a [[unicameral]] ''Landtag'', or state parliament, elected by universal suffrage. Until [[December]] [[1999]], there was also a ''Senat'', or [[Senate]], whose members were chosen by social and economic groups in Bavaria, but following a referendum in [[1998]], this institution was abolished. The head of government is the [[Minister-president]] ''(Ministerpräsident).''
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
+ 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Cacycle/diff.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
// install [[User:Pilaf/Live_Preview]] page preview tool
Bavaria has long been a bastion of conservative politics in Germany, with the [[Christian Social Union|CSU]] having almost a stranglehold on power since its inception in 1946.
//document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
//+ 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Pilaf/livepreview.js'
//+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
// install [[User:Mboverload/RegExTypoFix|RegExTypoFix]] common typo fixer
== Administration ==
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
Bavaria is divided into 7 administrative regions called ''Regierungsbezirke''
+ 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Cacycle/RegExTypoFix.js'
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
// install [[User:Cacycle/wikEd international]] translation here
[[Image:Bavarian_Admin_Districts.jpg]]
// install [[User:Cacycle/wikEd]] editing page extension
# [[Oberfranken]] (Upper Franconia)
document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'
# [[Mittelfranken]] (Middle Franconia)
+ 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Cacycle/wikEd.js'
# [[Unterfranken]] (Lower Franconia)
+ '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s"></script>');
# [[Swabia (administrative region)|Schwaben]] (Swabia)
# [[Oberpfalz]] (Upper Palatinate)
# [[Oberbayern]] (Upper Bavaria)
# [[Niederbayern]] (Lower Bavaria)
These administrative regions consist of 71 districts (called ''Kreise'') and 25 independent towns:
[[image:bavaria_map.png|Map of Bavaria]]
// [[User:Outriggr/metadatatest.js]]
Districts:
//importScript('User:Outriggr/metadatatest.js');
{|
//assessmentMyProjects=["Songs","WikiProjectSongs"];
|-
| width="34%" valign="top" |
# [[Aichach-Friedberg]]
# [[Altötting (district)|Altötting]]
# [[Amberg-Sulzbach]]
# [[Ansbach (district)|Ansbach]]
# [[Aschaffenburg (district)|Aschaffenburg]]
# [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]]
# [[Bad Kissingen (district)|Bad Kissingen]]
# [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]]
# [[Bamberg (district)|Bamberg]]
# [[Bayreuth (district)|Bayreuth]]
# [[Berchtesgadener Land]]
# [[Cham (district)|Cham]]
# [[Coburg (district)|Coburg]]
# [[Dachau (district)|Dachau]]
# [[Deggendorf (district)|Deggendorf]]
# [[Dillingen (district)|Dillingen]]
# [[Dingolfing-Landau]]
# [[Donau-Ries]]
# [[Ebersberg (district)|Ebersberg]]
# [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]]
# [[Erding (district)|Erding]]
# [[Erlangen-Höchstadt]]
# [[Forchheim (district)|Forchheim]]
# [[Freising (district)|Freising]]
| width="33%" valign="top" |
<ol start=25>
<li> [[Freyung-Grafenau]]
<li> [[Fürstenfeldbruck (district)|Fürstenfeldbruck]]
<li> [[Fürth (district)|Fürth]]
<li> [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)|Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]
<li> [[Günzburg (district)|Günzburg]]
<li> [[Haßberge]]
<li> [[Hof (district)|Hof]]
<li> [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]]
<li> [[Kitzingen (district)|Kitzingen]]
<li> [[Kronach (district)|Kronach]]
<li> [[Kulmbach (district)|Kulmbach]]
<li> [[Landsberg (district)|Landsberg]]
<li> [[Landshut (district)|Landshut]]
<li> [[Lichtenfels (district)|Lichtenfels]]
<li> [[Lindau (district)|Lindau]]
<li> [[Main-Spessart]]
<li> [[Miesbach (district)|Miesbach]]
<li> [[Miltenberg (district)|Miltenberg]]
<li> [[Mühldorf (district)|Mühldorf]]
<li> [[Munich (district)|Munich]] (''München'')
<li> [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]]
<li> [[Neumarkt (district)|Neumarkt]]
<li> [[Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim]]
<li> [[Neustadt (Waldnaab) (district)|Neustadt (Waldnaab)]]
</ol>
| width="33%" valign="top" |
<ol start=49>
<li> [[Neu-Ulm (district)|Neu-Ulm]]
<li> [[Nürnberger Land]]
<li> [[Oberallgäu]]
<li> [[Ostallgäu]]
<li> [[Passau (district)|Passau]]
<li> [[Pfaffenhofen (district)|Pfaffenhofen]]
<li> [[Regen (district)|Regen]]
<li> [[Regensburg (district)|Regensburg]]
<li> [[Rhön-Grabfeld]]
<li> [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]]
<li> [[Roth (district)|Roth]]
<li> [[Rottal-Inn]]
<li> [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]]
<li> [[Schweinfurt (district)|Schweinfurt]]
<li> [[Starnberg (district)|Starnberg]]
<li> [[Straubing-Bogen]]
<li> [[Tirschenreuth (district)|Tirschenreuth]]
<li> [[Traunstein (district)|Traunstein]]
<li> [[Unterallgäu]]
<li> [[Weilheim-Schongau]]
<li> [[Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen]]
<li> [[Wunsiedel (district)|Wunsiedel]]
<li> [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]]
</ol>
|}
Independent towns:
{|
|-
| width="33%" valign="top" |
# [[Amberg]]
# [[Ansbach]]
# [[Aschaffenburg]]
# [[Augsburg]]
# [[Bamberg]]
# [[Bayreuth]]
# [[Coburg, Germany|Coburg]]
# [[Erlangen]]
# [[Fürth]]
| width="33%" valign="top" |
<ol start=10>
<li> [[Hof, Germany|Hof]]
<li> [[Ingolstadt]]
<li> [[Kaufbeuren]]
<li> [[Kempten]]
<li> [[Landshut]]
<li> [[Memmingen]]
<li> [[Munich]] (''München'')
<li> [[Nuremberg]] (''Nürnberg'')
<li> [[Passau]]</ol>
| width="33%" valign="top" |
<ol start=19>
<li> [[Regensburg]]
<li> [[Rosenheim]]
<li> [[Schwabach]]
<li> [[Schweinfurt]]
<li> [[Straubing]]
<li> [[Weiden]]
<li> [[Würzburg]]
</ol>
|}
== Dialects ==
[[Image:ChapelBavaria.JPG|thumb|village [[chapel]] in [[Franconia]]]]
Several German [[dialect]]s are spoken in Bavaria. In the administrative regions to the north the [[Franconian]] dialect is prevalent, in [[Swabia]] the local dialect is [[Swabian language|Swabian]], a thread of the [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]] dialect family. In the Upper Palatinate people speak the Northern Bavarian dialect that can vary regionally. In Upper and Lower Bavaria (Middle) [[Austro-Bavarian]] is the predominant dialect.
== History ==
''Main article: [[History of Bavaria]]''
The first known mention of the Bavarian name was made by the [[Franks]] ca. [[520]]. [[Saint Boniface]] completed the people's conversion Christianity in the early [[8th century]]. Bavaria resisted the [[Protestant Reformation]], however, and remains strongly [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].
[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]] gave Bavaria to the [[Wittelsbach]] family, which ruled from [[1180]] to [[1918]]. It became a [[King of Bavaria|kingdom]] in [[1806]], and in [[1815]] the [[Rhenish Palatinate]] was annexed to it. It managed to preserve its independence by playing off the rivalries of [[Prussia]] and [[Austria]], but defeat in the [[1866]] [[Austro-Prussian War]] led to its incorporation into the [[German Empire]]. In the early [[20th century]] [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Paul Klee]], [[Henrik Ibsen]], and other notable artists were drawn to Bavaria, notably to the [[Schwabing]] district of Munich, but the region was devastated by [[World War I]].
[[Socialist]] premier [[Kurt Eisner]], who deposed [[Louis III of Bavaria|Ludwig III]], was assassinated in [[1919]] leading to a violently suppressed communist revolt. Extremist activity on the right also increased, notably the [[1923]] [[Beer Hall Putsch]], and Bavaria became a [[Nazi]] stronghold under the [[Third Reich]]. As a manufacturing center, Munich was heavily bombed during [[World War II]] and occupied by [[United States Army|U.S. troops]].
Since [[World War II]], Bavaria has been rehabilitated into a prosperous industrial hub. A massive reconstruction effort restored much of Munich's historic core, and the city played host to the [[1972 Summer Olympics]]. More recently, state minister-president [[Edmund Stoiber]] was the CDU/CSU candidate for chancellor in the [[German federal election, 2002|2002 federal election]], and native son [[Cardinal Bishop|Cardinal]] Joseph Ratzinger was elected [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in [[2005]].
See also: [[List of rulers of Bavaria]], [[List of Premiers of Bavaria]]
== Miscellaneous ==
The many famous Bavarians include:
* [[Pope Benedict XVI]] -- as of [[April 2005]] he is the current [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. His baptismal name is '''Joseph Ratzinger'''.
* '''Painters''' such as [[Hans Holbein the Elder]], [[Albrecht Dürer]], [[Lucas Cranach]] and [[Franz Marc]]
* '''Musicians''' such as [[Richard Wagner]], [[Richard Strauss]] and [[Theobald Boehm]], the inventor of the modern [[flute]].
* Modern [[musician|musicians]] like [[Klaus Doldinger]] and [[Barbara Dennerlein]]
* Widely-read Bavarian '''writers''' like [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Lion Feuchtwanger]]
* Well-known '''scientists''' such as the [[Nobel prize]] winner [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] and [[Werner Heisenberg]]
* Well-known '''inventors''' such as [[Levi Strauss]] and [[Rudolf Diesel]].
* Neurologist [[Alois Alzheimer]], who described the [[Alzheimer's_Disease|disease bearing his name]].
The motorcycle and automobile makers [[BMW]] (the name stands for ''Bayerische Motoren-Werke'', or "Bavarian Motor Works") and [[Audi]], [[Grundig]] (consumer electronics) and [[Siemens AG]] (electricity, telephones, informatics, medical instruments)have a Bavarian industrial base.
A famous annual festival is called ''[[Oktoberfest]]'' or ''October Festival''. It is the largest public beer festival in the world, celebrated since 1811 during the last two weeks of September.
=== Population and area ===
'''Regierungsbezirk population'''(2002) '''area'''/km² '''communities'''
Lower Franconia .. 1,344,300 10.9% 8,532 12.1% 308 15.0%
Upper Franconia .. 1,112,655 9.0% 7,231 10.2% 214 10.4%
Middle Franconia . 1,703,869 13.8% 7,246 10.3% 210 10.2%
Upper Palatinate . 1,088,929 8.8% 9,690 13.7% 226 11.0%
Swabia ........... 1,776,465 14.3% 9,992 14.2% 340 16.5%
Upper Bavaria .... 4,169,657 33.7% 17,530 24.8% 500 24.3%
Lower Bavaria .... 1,191,476 9.6% 10,330 14.6% 258 12.5%
'''Sum''' ''' 12,387,351''' 100.0%''' 70,551''' 100.0%''' 2,056''' 100.0%
==== Historical Population ====
<pre>Historical Population of Bavaria:
1939: 7,084,086
1950: 9,184,466
1961: 9,515,479
1970: 10,479,386
1987: 10,902,643
2002: 12,387,351</pre>
[[Image:Lo_buchstein.jpeg|thumb|hiking in the Bavarian Alps]]
== Tourism ==
Southern Bavaria is one of the most important tourist regions in Germany. Lakes for [[sailing]] and [[swimming]], various [[spa|health resorts]], mountains for [[hiking]] and [[skiing]], [[nature reserve]]s, rich [[Baroque]] churches and the [[castle]]s of King [[Ludwig II of Bavaria]] attract guests from around the world.
==External links==
*[http://www.bayern.de/English/ State website]
*[http://www.oktoberfest.de/ Official ''Oktoberfest'' homepage]
*[http://www.bayern.by/frontend.php?channel=html&lang=de&imxsession=de1025dafe8e7f93313c0e00f75c0b5e&lang=en Bayern.by portal site]
*[http://www.the-exit.net/plaza/HF_sections/content/bayern-hymne.wav Sound file: The Bavarian Hymn]
----
'''[[Bavaria Brewery]]''' is a Dutch [[brewery]].
----
[[Image:Munich Bavaria.jpg|thumb|250px|Bavaria statue]]
'''Bavaria''' is also the name of the statue standing at the Theresienwiese in [[Munich|Munich]].
{{Germany_states}}
[[Category:States of Germany]]
[[Category:Bavaria]]
[[ar:بافاريا]]
[[cs:Bavorsko]]
[[da:Bayern]]
[[de:Bayern]]
[[eo:Bavario]]
[[es:Baviera]]
[[et:Baieri]]
[[fi:Baijeri]]
[[fr:Bavière]]
[[he:בוואריה]]
[[id:Bayern]]
[[it:Baviera]]
[[ja:バイエルン州]]
[[la:Bavaria]]
[[nds:Bayern]]
[[nl:Beieren]]
[[no:Bayern]]
[[pl:Bawaria]]
[[pt:Baviera]]
[[ro:Bavaria]]
[[sr:Баварска]]
[[ru:Бавария]]
[[simple:Bavaria]]
[[sv:Bayern]]
[[zh:巴伐利亚]]
| 